There are two main ways to express the style of writing of leading cadres: speaking and writing articles. Speaking is an oral language expression, and writing an article is a written language expression. Relatively speaking, speech (excluding speeches with manuscripts) is instantaneous and fragmentary because it is conducted on the spot. In many cases, its rigor, systematic degree and even rhetoric are not as good as articles. But for leading cadres, speaking is more important than writing articles, which is extremely important and can never be ignored.

　　one

　　What leading cadres say is not an ordinary household talk, but often happens on a specific occasion, with a specific object and a specific purpose. Specifically, speech takes place in all places where leadership work is carried out, between cadres, between cadres and the masses, and between cadres and the media. Its purpose is to practice the party’s purpose, publicize and implement the party’s line, principles and policies, and then realize and consolidate the party’s leadership over the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, in addition to the general requirements of language expression, the speeches of leading cadres should strive to be accurate, vivid and vivid, and pay more attention to politics, policy and artistry. From the perspective of observing political discipline and rules, it is also necessary to stress discipline, that is, to achieve the goal of leadership work through appropriate language expression on the premise of observing discipline and rules.

　　Speaking and writing articles are interlinked, and they are the basis of writing articles. As the saying goes, "you can speak and write", and speaking, as an oral expression of thoughts, comes before written expression. Although many times leading cadres are not as rigorous as writing articles, they are no less than writing articles in conveying ideas and opinions. Many seemingly piecemeal speeches or conversations often contain deep truth, and their communication and guidance are more effective. Why are some classic works always memorable? Because reading classics is just like listening to the author, so kind and expressive, which contains the power of thought and can arouse readers’ resonance. However, due to the on-site interaction of speech, it is usually carried out by way of question and answer, so it often has the function of mutual inspiration and can also collide with new experience and wisdom summary. This is the charm of speaking. In the history of our party, there are many famous judgments and important documents, all of which originated from the speeches or conversations of party leaders. For example, in his conversation with American journalist anna louise strong in 1946, Comrade Mao Zedong first put forward the famous assertion that "all reactionaries are paper tigers"; Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s "Southern Talks" during his inspection in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shanghai in 1992 greatly promoted ideological emancipation, reform and development, and so on.

　　The speeches of leading cadres are more universal and regular, and have irreplaceable unique advantages. Generally speaking, the best way to know and understand a person is to listen to him and talk to him. Although reading a person’s articles and works can also achieve this goal, it is inevitable that the articles will be embellished or even concealed, which is not as real as talking. This is the reason why we must arrange interview procedures for all kinds of recruitment examinations. The development of leadership work, the more at the executive level, the more at the grassroots level, and the more critical the situation is, the more it needs to rely on speeches rather than writing articles. The masses need direct, audible, visible and tangible truth, and leading cadres need to sit down and talk with them to understand their ups and downs. Only by sincerely thinking for the masses can they sincerely recognize you and support you. Even among cadres, it is also inseparable from face-to-face talks to achieve scientific leadership and achieve unity and progress in work determination, ideas and methods. The ancients said that "face-to-face instruction" and "face-to-face instruction" meant emphasizing face-to-face communication, emphasizing what they said and heard with their own ears. Therefore, it is extremely important for leading cadres to improve their speaking ability.

　　two

　　Since the promulgation of the "Eight Regulations" of the Central Committee, especially since the party’s mass line education practice activities and the "three strictness and three realities" special education were carried out, the style of leading cadres has obviously improved, and the style of writing has also been greatly improved. In all kinds of articles, documents and conference speeches, because of the lack of "wearing boots and hats", all kinds of empty words, lies and cliches are reduced. However, while correcting the style of writing has achieved remarkable results, some leading cadres have struggled to correct the "style of speech".

　　From the subjective point of view, speaking is more deeply rooted in the change and improvement of style of writing than writing, which is related to the long-formed way of thinking and behavior habits. A person’s speaking style is formed for a long time, and his manners may be exposed inadvertently. In reality, some leading cadres have nothing to say, can’t speak, and even speak openly and casually, regardless of the occasion and the object. When the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader was the secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, he criticized some phenomena. Some leading cadres "talk to new social groups, but they can’t say it;" Talking to difficult groups, can’t go on; Talk to young students, but you can’t talk; Talking to old comrades, I was pushed back. " The phenomenon criticized here is precisely the phenomenon that some leading cadres can’t speak and are not good at speaking. A few years ago, a villager in a certain place reported the problem of compensation for demolition to the secretary of the town party Committee. The secretary told the villagers that "don’t look for me, it’s useless to report" on the grounds that he had no time for a meeting and was not familiar with the situation. The villagers cried and begged, "You don’t care here, who am I going to find and want me to jump off the building!" The secretary responded: "I can’t control this. Don’t go to the first floor and the second floor. If you want to, go to the fifth floor." Obviously, the town party secretary is far from speaking improperly, but he has not straightened his relationship with power, himself and the masses, and has no fear for the people. His speech will only make the people feel chilling and even shudder. Imagine that leading cadres should practice the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly.If you can’t even talk to your clients, how can you talk about service? ! Let alone wholeheartedly? !

　　Objectively speaking, the speech of leading cadres should play a role in maintaining and promoting the leadership of the Party, and to achieve the goal of close contact between the Party and the people, we should fully consider the possible positive and negative effects of speech, rather than just talking nonsense. Especially in the information age, Internet communication and mobile terminal communication have become very popular. Not to mention that some media have a tendency to take words out of context, a complete speech may have different understandings in different contexts. Once the speech is released, it will become a fait accompli. The more sensitive the topic, the more the content that concerns the interests of the masses, and the less correct the viewpoint, the more it will spread like a virus, and even there is no chance to correct it. In extreme cases, it will also affect the prestige of the party. Although there are relevant regulations for leading cadres to publish articles and accept interviews, and the news media also have professional norms, now the media are everywhere, and no matter how strict and meticulous the regulations are, they can’t "precisely guide" every speech. In order to carry out and promote the work, it is impossible not to speak, but what to say, what not to say, what to say, what to say in internal work seminars, what to say to the media and how to say to the masses, these problems are coming one after another. Some people may ask, such careful calculation seems to be too cautious, haggle over every ounce, and even alarmist. If you really want to be so meticulous, won’t leading cadres fear for themselves and eventually lose the courage to speak? If we think about it this way, the biggest problem will arise, which is to set the party against the masses.Set the party against the news media. A few years ago, a reporter interviewed a deputy director of a planning bureau in a certain place because of a petition case. The deputy director actually reprimanded: "Are you going to speak for the party or for the people?" This shocking language then shook the whole country. But think about it calmly, the deputy director never wants to deliberately create a situation of opposition to the media, let alone deliberately trap himself in a passive position. The root of its mistakes lies in the lack of basic understanding of many fundamental problems. In fact, such misconceptions may not be uncommon. This is also the reason why some leading cadres sometimes evade, exclude or even be hostile to the media.

　　three

　　Facing the masses and the media, leading cadres should dare to speak, be able to speak and be good at speaking. They should face up to and attach importance to speaking, and regard improving their speaking ability as an important task.

　　First, efforts should be made to transform the document language into the mass language. Integrating theory with practice is the fundamental way to learn Marxism. Without the combination of theory and practice, the combination of general and individual, and the smooth flow of the "last mile", no matter how good the line, principles and policies are, they cannot be implemented. Therefore, it is particularly important to thoroughly understand the documents and communicate at the grassroots level. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that the implementation of policies should not be "rough from top to bottom", that is to say, we should not follow the book and copy it mechanically. We should not export documents in the language of the central leadership, but should implement them in a simple way in light of the actual situation. It can be said that an important criterion to measure whether the spirit of the document is thoroughly understood is whether the language of the document can be transformed into the language of the masses, whether the document can be explained in a language that the masses love and accept, and then get the understanding, support and approval of the masses. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has put forward a series of popular and profound ideas and conclusions, such as "strike while the iron is hot", "Tiger flies fight together", "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" and "Well-off society depends on fellow villagers", which set an example for us to use the mass language.

　　The second is to go deep into the grassroots in a down-to-earth manner. Going deep into the grassroots means taking the mass line. The general secretary of the Supreme Leader once pointed out that "we can’t talk about it, we can’t talk about it, we can’t talk about it, and we are pushed back". On the surface, it is a problem of talking. On the deeper level, it is that leading cadres can’t adhere to the mass line well, they are unfamiliar with the work in the corresponding fields, they don’t know enough about the difficulties faced by the masses, they don’t feel deeply about their concerns, and they can’t talk to the hearts of the masses. As the saying goes, "lovers talk more than half a sentence". If leading cadres don’t understand the basic situation, they will lack the capital to talk to the masses, and they will be make a fool of oneself in their talks. If you talk outside the line and talk empty words in Mandarin, you will naturally "say no, say no, say no", and it is not surprising that you are sometimes "pushed back". And because I can’t talk with the masses, I naturally can’t hear the truth of the masses, which is extremely unfavorable for understanding the situation. As a result, a vicious circle will be formed in which theory is divorced from practice, documents are divorced from practice and cadres are divorced from the masses. Therefore, leading cadres should go deep into the grassroots at all times, speak their hearts and minds with the masses more, talk less empty words and big words, and tell no lies.

　　The third is to strengthen language training and accumulation. Writers go deep into the grass roots to collect folk songs, one is to select creative materials in actual production and life, the other is to learn language from the masses and learn their language style and language characteristics. The same should be true for leading cadres. By going deep into the grassroots, they can learn the truth on the one hand, and learn the true and vivid language expressions of the masses on the other. Some idioms, two-part allegorical sayings, slang, common sayings, dialects and even online languages that people like to see and hear can be boldly learned and adopted. The best language training and accumulation is to go deep into the grassroots practice and communicate with the people you contact and serve. "Words without words do not go far". The reason why an idea and viewpoint can be handed down through years’ baptism is only one aspect, and the precision and artistry of language itself are also important factors. Therefore, leading cadres should also learn language from the ancients, from literature and classics, and from outstanding writers, linguists and thinkers at home and abroad.

　　The fourth is to firmly establish the bottom line thinking. For a person, identity can be multiple, but his beliefs, values and moral standards should run through. Party member’s leading cadres have their own living space, but according to the provisions and requirements of Constitution of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s Code of Integrity and Self-discipline and "three strictness and three realities", there is no absolute "private" in terms of values and interests. With the popularity of the Internet, the development of self-media, new media and instant messaging tools, leading cadres need to consider not only the object and environment of speech, but also the spread of speech. It is not uncommon for a few leading cadres to cause an uproar or even stumble because of improper speech. It stands to reason that spokesmen and presenters themselves are experts in speaking and dealing with the media, but individuals still have a bad influence because of improper speaking. It can be seen that when leading cadres in party member speak, the most fundamental and important thing is to remember their identity, their purpose and mission. At any time and on any occasion, we should not talk nonsense, say irrelevant and unfounded words, say things that are contrary to the party’s purpose, say things that are divorced from the party’s line, principles and policies, say things that hurt the interests and feelings of the people, and say things that affect the unity within the party, the relationship between the party and the masses, and the relationship between cadres and the masses. This can be regarded as the bottom line thinking of leading cadres in party member.

　　The fifth is to continuously improve the overall quality. Speak from the heart. In the final analysis, speaking is the embodiment of one’s thought, moral cultivation and cultural cultivation, and comprehensive ability and quality. People often say that "actions speak louder than words" does not mean that words are unimportant, but that actions and words should be unified. The highest realm of leading cadres’ speech is the unity of words and deeds, knowledge and action, not just words but not deeds, or "saying well but doing badly" In order to move to a higher level, we must constantly strengthen our moral cultivation and cultural cultivation, constantly expand our mind, tolerance and vision, constantly enrich and enrich all aspects of knowledge, and strive to pursue the unity of the subjective world and the objective world. In 1941, Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out in his article "Transforming Our Learning" that many comrades "will only quote individual words of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin one-sidedly, and will not use their positions, viewpoints and methods to specifically study the present situation of China and the history of China, specifically analyze the revolutionary problems in China and solve the revolutionary problems in China. This attitude towards Marxism–Leninism is very harmful, especially for cadres above the intermediate level. ". More than 70 years have passed, and today, when I review this speech, I feel more and more pointed and profound.

　　The speech of leading cadres not only reflects the personal ability and quality, but also relates to the understanding, understanding and application of Marxist theory, working methods, thinking methods and leadership art, the implementation of every policy of the party and the state, and all aspects of the party’s leadership. In order to realize the grand blueprint of China’s economic and social development in the next five years, and to win the great victory in the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, every leading cadre should have a correct understanding of speaking, and constantly improve his speaking ability based on his work practice and his own situation. (Author of Li’s Articles of Association: General Office of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference)

Residential community is the main space of residents’ life, and residential property management is related to the quality of life of the people, the safe operation of the city and social harmony and stability. Not long ago, 10 departments, including the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, issued a notice requesting to accelerate the development of the property service industry, promote the upgrading of property services to high quality and diversification, and meet the people’s growing needs for a better living. The reporter interviewed relevant industry associations and enterprises on the issues of public concern in the process of property development.

Clarify the boundary of property management

Property management is closest to residents, which can not only serve the masses well, but also become an important force in grassroots social governance. However, the overall pattern of bringing property management into social governance is still in the initial exploration stage and faces many problems. This also brings confusion to community owners, for example, how can illegal building of properties always be managed badly? Electric bicycles are illegally charged everywhere, which has great security risks. Who should care? The quality of the house is not satisfactory. The property service companies say that it is left over by the developers, and they should not be in charge. What should the owners do?

It is reported that for a long time, the relevant government departments have regarded property service enterprises as the starting point of implementation, and enterprises have undertaken many government management responsibilities or public service obligations. In addition, based on their own expectations of property services, some owners are not accurate enough in understanding the boundary scope of property management, and require property service enterprises to provide services beyond the scope of their duties and contractual agreements.

A few days ago, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and other 10 departments issued the Notice on Strengthening and Improving the Management of Residential Property (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), which further clarified which matters were the responsibility of relevant government departments, which were the responsibility of streets and which were the responsibility of property service enterprises.

The "Notice" clearly promotes the sinking of urban management services. Promote the extension of urban management services to residential communities, rely on the urban comprehensive management service platform, and establish a mechanism for accepting and handling problems reflected by the masses. Clear the list of responsibilities of departments and units, compact the work responsibilities, and promptly investigate and deal with illegal behaviors such as illegal construction, destroying green, arbitrarily dumping garbage, raising animals in violation of regulations, illegally parking and charging electric bicycles, occupying and blocking public and fire exits in the property service area. Clear water supply, drainage, power supply, gas supply, heating, communication, cable television and other professional operating units to serve the end users according to law, and implement the responsibility of professional operating units for the maintenance, conservation and renewal of related facilities and equipment in the property service area.

Thus, the management and service of residential community is not only the responsibility of property service enterprises. Whether it is illegal acts such as illegal construction, or problems in operation and maintenance such as water, electricity and heat, the main body of its management lies in the competent departments of the city government or professional operating units. With this "Notice", it has become more clear who the residents should go to for the problems to be solved.

At the same time, residents have high expectations for the quality of property services. How can property management be improved? The Notice proposes a number of measures in this regard. Fully implement the main responsibility of service quality of property service enterprises. Property service enterprises should improve the service quality guarantee system, establish a rapid handling mechanism for service complaints, strengthen the management of personnel and vehicles, regularly inspect and maintain shared parts and facilities, take reasonable measures to protect the personal and property safety of owners, do a good job in greening and maintenance, assist in standardizing garbage delivery and timely cleaning and removal, improve the living environment, improve the living quality, create excellent property service projects and enhance the quality of personnel in the property service industry. In addition, we should also improve the formation mechanism of property service prices, which are mainly formed through market competition.

Promote the improvement of property management

Small community, big society, managing a residential community well requires the joint efforts of the government, enterprises and owners. In the face of current problems, the Notice responds to social concerns, studies and solves industry pain points, and promotes all parties to explore.

What should I do if the owners’ committee representing the rights and interests of the majority of owners is delayed? The "Notice" clarifies that if the conditions for the establishment of the owners’ meeting are not available for the time being, it is necessary to explore the establishment of a property management Committee attended by community residents’ committees and owners’ representatives to temporarily replace the owners’ Committee.

According to the relevant person in charge of china property management institute, if it is really difficult to set up an industry committee, we can learn from the experience of Beijing and Guangzhou, and first set up a property management committee, which will exercise relevant rights on behalf of the residents. The property management committee can temporarily make up for the problem that there is no industry committee in the community and it is difficult for residents to claim their wishes.

The reporter learned that in many cities, the establishment of industry committees or property management committees has become an important starting point for strengthening property management. The "Three-year Action Plan (2020-2022) on Strengthening Beijing’s Property Management and Improving the Property Service Level" promulgated by Beijing in 2020 clearly stipulates that more than 2,000 new owners’ committees (property management committees) will be established before the end of 2020; The formation rate of owners’ committees (property management committees) will reach over 30%, over 70% in 2021 and over 90% in 2022.

How to supervise the services of property service enterprises? The Notice clarifies that the property management industry will establish a credit evaluation system for property service enterprises. According to the credit status of enterprises, the urban housing and urban-rural construction departments will grant credit star marks, implement credit classification and supervision, and strengthen the application of credit information in the bidding of early property management, the selection of property service enterprises by the owners’ meeting, and government procurement. At the same time, a red and black list system for property service enterprises will be established to promote the formation of a market environment for survival of the fittest. Property service enterprises and persons directly responsible for serious violations of laws and regulations and vile circumstances shall be cleared out of the market according to law.

The relevant person in charge of china property management institute said that strengthening residential property management not only requires the efforts of the government and enterprises, but also mobilizes the enthusiasm of residents, social organizations, social work service agencies, community volunteers, resident units and other parties, so as to achieve common decision-making, joint development, joint management of construction, joint evaluation of effects and sharing of achievements. In this way, property management can play a greater role in building a new pattern of grassroots social governance.

Expand the market, new blue ocean

After 40 years of development, China’s property management industry has gradually become mature and perfect. At present, the number of property service enterprises in China is 234,000, with more than 7.4 million employees. In recent years, property service enterprises have ushered in a wave of listing. At present, there are more than 40 listed property service enterprises, indicating that capital is very optimistic about the development prospects of the property management industry. The latest data shows that the operating income of China’s property management industry will reach 1,180.03 billion yuan in 2020.

The mode of "property service+life service" can enable residents to enjoy better property services and bring greater development opportunities to the property management industry. The "Notice" clarifies that it will promote the development of the life service industry. Encourage qualified property service enterprises to extend to the fields of pension, child care, housekeeping, culture, health, house brokerage, express delivery and other fields, and explore the "property service+life service" model to meet the diversified multi-level living and living needs of residents.

The person in charge of Longhu Smart Service told the reporter that "property service+life service" has always been the direction actively explored by Longhu Smart Service. Up to now, nine kinds of value-added service products, such as "rental and sale of gannets", "rejuvenation masters", "longan optimization" and "Yugong moving", basically cover the owner’s whole life service chain.

Wan Jie, vice president of ocean service and general manager of value-added business department, told reporters that ocean service is willing to do more exploration in "property service+life service", which is an important development opportunity for property service enterprises. At present, Ocean Shipping Service has a layout in space management, real estate brokerage, Mercure and community retail, and continues to explore new products and new tracks in hot industries, such as education, tourism and pension industry. However, in practice, there are also some problems. For example, in the process of developing old-age care services, it may be necessary to occupy community venues. Owners often have different opinions on whether to establish old-age care institutions according to whether there are elderly people in different families.

Wan Jie appealed that property service enterprises are facing some "blocking points" in promoting "property service+life service", and hoped that relevant departments would issue detailed implementation rules, straighten out the management authority of property service enterprises, and help enterprises better provide life services such as old-age care.

In terms of improving "property service+life service", the Notice also proposes to guide property service enterprises to provide customized products and personalized services through the smart property management service platform to realize one-click appointment and door-to-door service.

In this regard, the relevant person in charge of china property management institute believes that the smart platform of property service enterprises should be open and shared, not only serving a community, but also radiating to the surrounding communities. Through channels such as mobile APP, the owners of surrounding communities can also enjoy the services of excellent property service enterprises nearby, increase the supply of quality property services and facilitate the lives of surrounding residents.

The person in charge of Longhu Smart Service said that it is also a trend for property service enterprises to go out of the community and serve a wider urban space. Based on the advantages of brand property service enterprises in management and service fineness, as well as the deepening of their own technology penetration, with the improvement of management radius, urban service will bring huge development space for professional property service enterprises. (Reporter Kang Shu)

　　People in The Wandering Earth live in underground "underground cities". In the future, "underground cities" will not only exist in science fiction films. Scientists are currently conducting deep space research to explore how to build "underground cities". Recently, the reporter interviewed Xie Heping, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and dean of Shenzhen University’s Institute of Deep Earth Science and Green Energy, and asked him to describe the future survival of underground space from a scientific perspective.

　　"Underground City" is a world-class frontier scientific research.

　　"The development and utilization of deep space is not just science fiction, but a scientific research project that is being studied all over the world, and it is a frontier scientific research topic in the world." Xie Heping said that the comprehensive utilization of underground space has attracted great attention internationally, and many international organizations have been studying the utilization of underground space. These international organizations include the International Association for Tunnels and Underground Space (ITA) established in 1974, the International Joint Research Center for Underground Space (ACUUS) established in 1996, and the International Trenchless Technology Association (ISTT) established in 1986. The Tokyo Declaration, adopted by the International Conference on Urban Underground Space in 1991, also emphasized that "the 21st century will be the century of human exploitation and utilization of underground space", and predicted that one third of people will live in underground space in the future.

　　According to Xie Heping, there are many cases of scientific development and utilization of underground space in the world. For example, an underground park has been built in Finland, which will turn the space 120 meters underground into an oxygen bar with salty and humid air. The constant temperature is 11℃~12℃ all year round, and there are almost no allergens and bacteria, which can recuperate patients suffering from respiratory tract, tuberculosis and other diseases. The mine playground in North Wales, England, which was built in 2014, is 150 meters underground and has the world’s largest underground trampoline in a thermal insulation and moisturizing environment.

　　Many countries are also trying to develop underground space. For example, Singapore plans to build an underground science and technology city, which is equivalent to 30 floors underground in the Western Science Park, to be used by biomedical industry and life sciences, and to accommodate new population in the future.

　　"The total area of a city is not only the ground area, but the total utilization space of a city should be multiplied by 40% of the development depth. These underground spaces have unique advantages such as constant temperature and humidity, sound insulation and isolation, natural resistance to natural disasters, low background radiation and clean environment. " Xie Heping said that using the advantages of these underground spaces can carry out underground medical research and treatment, such as Hodgkin Cave in Uzbekistan, which can improve the cellular immunity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Related scientific research activities can also be carried out. For example, the Large Hadron Collider in Europe is 92 meters underground. "If more exploration and utilization are carried out, it is possible to make deep space a better way of human migration than space settlement and coping with future earth disasters in the future." Xie Heping said.

　　How to build a future "underground city"

　　How to build an underground city in the future? Xie Heping introduced his academic article published in Journal of Coal Industry recently, and put forward his strategic conception and scientific research demonstration on the construction of version 5.0 of "Underground City". According to this idea, 0~50 meters underground is underground rail transit, pipe network system and refuge facilities, 50~100 meters underground is underground livable city, 100~500 meters underground is underground agriculture, underground medicine and underground ecological circle and strategic resource reserve, and 500~2000 meters underground is underground energy circulation belt, underground pumped storage, compressed air power station, underground thermal energy and other storage and utilization, and more than 2000 meters underground is underground.

　　"Regarding the development and utilization of deep space, I put forward the concept of five eras, including the 1.0 era of passive underground space utilization, the 2.0 era of scientific development of underground space and underground ecological city, the 3.0 era of deep ecological circle construction, the 4.0 era of deep scientific laboratory and deep space capsule, and the 5.0 era of liquid mining of deep solid resources." Xie Heping said.

　　The 1.0 era of deep development is to build air-raid shelters, warehouses, subways, underground shopping malls, underground parking lots, etc. In the 2.0 era, there will be a complete and livable eco-city, with sunshine, self-circulating water pumps and intelligent air regeneration systems. In the 3.0 era, there will be ecological and environmental underground space utilization, and the environment of underground ecological circle will be constructed, including artificial sunshine, ecological vegetation, deep farming and animal husbandry, water and ecological self-circulation system, etc. In the era of 4.0, in-situ scientific experiments with different depths should be carried out, and theoretical systems of deep physics, biology, medicine and rock mechanics should be constructed to lay a theoretical foundation for human beings to March into the deep part of the earth.

　　In the 5.0 era, it is necessary to invent shield mining, separation, charging, gasification and power generation integrated technology and equipment to directly transform solid resources into liquid, gas and electric energy. By that time, underground roadway mining will be patrolled, inspected and operated by drones and robots. Using the energy generated by coal powder explosion and gas explosion, in-situ power generation will be carried out at a depth of 3,000m underground, and the electricity, hydrogen and liquefied carbon will be transported to the ground instead of solid resources, and a self-circulation development and utilization system with deep in-situ ecological green and low carbon will be built. "At present, the doctoral team led by me is doing pre-research in this area." Xie Heping said.

　　Step into the era of "Dungeon" 2.0

　　According to Xie Heping, the earth’s solid mineral resources can be buried more than 40 kilometers, and 70% of China’s proven iron ore, copper ore and bauxite resources are below 2 kilometers. Take geothermal resources as an example, there is 125.4 billion thermal energy in the outermost 10 kilometers of the earth’s crust, which is equivalent to 2000 times of the total thermal energy of coal produced in the world.

　　At present, China has listed deep-seated development as a major national science and technology project, and it is necessary to comprehensively improve the level and ability of deep-seated engineering science and technology, and strive to reach 15,000 meters by 2035; Oil and gas exploitation should reach 10000 meters; Geothermal development to 6000 meters, solid resources mining to 3000 meters, underground space engineering to 1000 meters.

　　"At present, the utilization rate of underground space in the world is about 30%, while in our country it is only 17%." Xie Heping said that with the development of China’s deep development strategy, how to rationally develop and utilize these underground spaces is "a major national strategic scientific research project that needs pre-research first".

　　"Taking coal mines as an example, the existing underground space of coal mines in China is about 13.9 billion cubic meters, and it is expected to reach 24.1 billion cubic meters by 2030, with a length of about 1.6 million kilometers, which can circle the equator 40 times. How to use such a huge underground roadway space? " Xie Heping said that the transformation and utilization of waste gas mines in foreign countries have many uses and forms. For example, using geothermal energy to develop underground agriculture, scholars at Nottingham University are considering using geothermal energy naturally existing in mines to transform 150,000 abandoned coal mines into underground farms.

　　"We must know that the underground itself is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the construction cost of underground greenhouse is only 1/4 of that of ground greenhouse agriculture." Xie Heping said that in 2017, an underground farm was built in London, England, using an air-raid shelter 33 meters underground. With LED lights as the light source, hydroponics technology can save 70% of water, no pesticides are needed at all, and plant growth is not affected by seasons and weather. It can be harvested in 6 to 28 days, and the underground agricultural product brand has been successfully launched.

　　"There are also ways to build a small intelligent underground parking garage, underground pumped storage power generation, compressed air storage power generation station, etc., which can be tried in the utilization of underground space." Xie Heping said that underground sewage treatment plants can also be built. For example, Hong Kong plans to put all surface sewage treatment underground; You can also build underground hotels, carry out landscape tours and underground in-situ laboratories. For example, the dark matter laboratory in South Korea is 700 meters below the mine.

　　In the aspect of deep space utilization, China has also begun some explorations. At present, the first phase reconstruction project of the five major coal mines in the west of Beijing has been started. Xie Heping said that according to the plan, the ground is green mountains and green waters scenic area, college education and training area, tourist resort area, sports and leisure area and high-tech park, and the underground will be developed into underground coal mine safety production training practice area, underground ecological landscape experience area, underground agricultural planting area and deep scientific exploration area. "We hope to turn it into a national demonstration area for the development and utilization of coal mines, a headquarters for scientific research and development and an experimental base for underground space research and development." Xie Heping said. In his view, regarding the construction of "underground cities", "it has just entered the 2.0 era, and it may take decades or even hundreds of years to reach the 5.0 era, but we can imagine the future trends and bright prospects."

　　(Reporter Zhan Yuan)

　　On December 5th, according to official website, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the State Council appointed Fu Xuyin as the vice minister of transportation.

　　Before taking up his new post, Fu Xuyin was the director of the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau of the Ministry of Transport and the deputy secretary of the Party Committee. On November 16th, Li Xiaopeng, Minister of Transport, presided over the meeting of the leading group for the response to the COVID-19 epidemic and the meeting of the joint prevention and control mechanism. Department leaders Dai Dongchang, Xu Chengguang, Fu Xuyin and the head teacher of the department attended the meeting. This information shows that Fu Xuyin has been the head of the Ministry of Transport.

　　Fu Xuyin has worked in the transportation department for a long time, and served as the deputy director of the Salvage and Salvage Bureau of the Ministry of Communications, the deputy director of the Finance Department of the Ministry of Communications, and the director of the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau. Since March, 2021, Fu Xuyin has been the director of Changjiang Waterway Bureau, leading the overall work of Changhang Waterway Bureau, in charge of the Personnel and Education Department (Civil Servant Management Office) and the Party Committee (Propaganda Department).

　　Fu xuyin. source map

　　I worked in the transportation system and have been engaged in financial work for many years.

　　According to public information, Fu Xuyin, male, Han nationality, born in May 1965, was born in Jixian County, Tianjin (now Jizhou District), and joined the work in July 1987. He was a master’s student and a senior accountant in party member, CPC.

　　Fu Xuyin has been working in the transportation system, and was mainly engaged in financial related work before. In April 1992, Fu Xuyin joined the Ministry of Communications, and served as the deputy director of the Finance Department and the director of the Waterway Fund Department. In 1998, he served as the director of the Business Finance Department of the Finance Department of the Ministry of Communications (during which he served as the deputy secretary of Chongqing Jiangjin Municipal Committee). In December 2005, Fu Xuyin was transferred to the post of Deputy Director and Chief Accountant of Changjiang Waterway Bureau, a subordinate unit of the Ministry of Communications. After the institutional reform in 2008, he became the Deputy Director of Salvage Bureau in June 2009. In March 2012, Fu Xuyin returned to the Finance Department of the Ministry of Transport as deputy director, and two years later, he took up his post as deputy director of the Financial Audit Department.

　　In March 2015, Fu Xuyin was transferred to the post of Director and Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau. In May of the following year, he also served as Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau. In March 2021, he became Director and Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau until this time.

　　According to official website, the Yangtze River Waterway Bureau of the Ministry of Transport (hereinafter referred to as the Changhang Bureau) is an agency of the Ministry of Communications, entrusted by the Ministry of Communications or authorized by laws and regulations to exercise government industry management functions such as shipping development planning, transportation market supervision, water safety supervision, waterway regulation and maintenance, and navigation of the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River trunk line (Yibin, Sichuan-Changjiang Estuary, with a mileage of 2,808 kilometers). In 2009, with the reform of the national Ministry system, it was named Changjiang Waterway Bureau of the Ministry of Transport with the approval of the State Council.

　　In 2016, the Ministry of Transport led the implementation of deepening the reform of the Yangtze River shipping management system, and centralized and unified management of the maritime affairs and navigation channels of the Yangtze River trunk line was achieved. At present, Changhang Bureau has 10 units, including Changjiang Maritime Bureau (including Jiangsu Maritime Bureau), Changjiang Waterway Bureau (including Changjiang Estuary Waterway Bureau), Changjiang Three Gorges Navigation Bureau, China Waterway Press and Changhang General Hospital, and 49 grass-roots bureaus, which are located in large and medium-sized cities along the Yangtze River. The whole system has more than 32,000 employees.

　　The shipping market of the Yangtze River is seriously involuted, so it is necessary to optimize the market supply structure.

　　Yangtze River shipping is an important support of national strategies such as serving the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the regional integration development of the Yangtze River Delta and the twin-city economic circle in Chengdu-Chongqing area, and it is an important part of the comprehensive transportation system of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. In September this year, Fu Xuyin, director of the Yangtze River Waterway Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Transport, published a signed article in China Waterway News, saying that the most basic law of Yangtze River shipping is the law of transportation, and the core of finding the correct direction for the high-quality development of Yangtze River shipping is to accurately grasp the supply and demand relationship between transportation capacity and transportation volume, optimize and adjust the transportation structure, and promote the transformation of the transportation market from quantitative scale to quality and efficiency.

　　"In the past decade, the Yangtze River shipping supply structure has been continuously optimized and adjusted, but the contradiction between supply and demand imbalance is still outstanding." Fu Xuyin mentioned in this article that, especially since the outbreak, the shipping market of the Yangtze River has been "involuted" seriously, and the freight rate of the Yangtze River has fallen instead of rising, and the loss of enterprises has obviously expanded. Although there are cyclical and aggregate problems in the development of shipping in the Yangtze River, the structural problem of poor adaptability between supply and demand is the most prominent, and the main contradiction lies in the supply side. In the next step, Yangtze River shipping should accurately grasp the transportation law and focus on optimizing the market supply structure.

　　On November 22nd, Fu Xuyin delivered a keynote speech at the "2022 North Bund International Shipping Forum" as a member of the Party Group of the Ministry of Transport.

　　It is an inevitable requirement to promote the development of shipping in a greener, smarter and more resilient way.

　　On November 22nd, Fu Xuyin delivered a keynote speech at the "2022 North Bund International Shipping Forum" as a member of the Party Group of the Ministry of Transport. He pointed out that shipping is an important foundation for economic and social development and an important bridge and link for international trade. In the past year, China Shipping efficiently coordinated the prevention and control of epidemic situation, guaranteed traffic and safe production, and the overall port channel was smooth and orderly, and the port cargo throughput reached a new high. Among the top ten ports in the world in terms of port cargo throughput and container throughput, China Port occupied 8 seats and 7 seats respectively; The maritime connectivity maintains the world’s leading position, and the route network is spread all over the world, taking on about 95% of China’s foreign trade cargo transportation volume; The maritime service capacity ranks among the top in the world, and the capacity of the controlled maritime fleet reaches 350 million deadweight tons, ranking second in the world; The service level of Shanghai International Shipping Center has been continuously improved, and the modern shipping service industry has been accelerated.

　　He pointed out that promoting the greener, smarter and more resilient development of shipping is an inevitable requirement for actively responding to the carbon emission requirements of international shipping, improving the level of shipping safety and resilience, and ensuring the stability of the supply chain of the industrial chain. In view of the development trend of shipping industry, he proposed three initiatives for future development: adhering to ecological priority and developing green shipping. Accelerate the adjustment and optimization of transportation structure, build green shipping infrastructure, and promote the clean and low-carbon transformation of shipping; Adhere to innovation and enhance development momentum. Improve the digital level of infrastructure, promote the innovation and application of intelligent shipping technology, and improve the intelligent level of shipping services; Coordinate development and safety to enhance safety and resilience. Accelerate the completion of infrastructure shortcomings, focus on improving the level of transportation facilitation, and strengthen the upstream and downstream coordination of the industrial chain.

　　□ Our reporter Wang Chun

　　□ Our correspondent Wu You Jiang Jie

　　Recently, the Education Bureau of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province issued an announcement on soliciting opinions on the implementation measures for the withdrawal mechanism of teachers in primary and secondary schools (kindergartens) in Ningbo (draft for comments). The core essence is "to quit the teachers who fail to take up their posts, fail to pass the examination, violate the teachers’ ethics or are incompetent (insist) in teaching posts for other reasons."

　　A stone stirs up a thousand waves. The solicitation of opinions triggered a heated discussion in the society. Many netizens commented that this move would break the tenure system and teachers would no longer be "iron rice bowls".

　　In fact, this move by Ningbo Education Bureau is not the first, and several withdrawal situations mentioned in the opinion draft are those who have long been qualified as "unqualified teachers’ morality" by the Ministry of Education. At the same time, the opinion draft puts forward that "strictly implement the system of prohibiting criminals from working, purify the campus environment and effectively protect minors", which is an extension and landing of the idea of "Opinions on Implementing the System of Prohibiting Working" issued by the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Ministry of Education.

　　The reporter of "Rule of Law Daily" noticed that building a firewall of rule of law for the healthy growth of minors is an area deeply cultivated by the procuratorial organs in Ningbo in recent years. Its joint education, public security and other departments have implemented detailed relevant systems, forming a strong synergy to protect minors in the city.

　　Pre-query of illegal behavior

　　Intercept potential risks on campus

　　In the exposure draft, the reporter saw: "Teachers who are punished by public security management or sentenced to punishment according to law for sexual assault, abuse, trafficking, violent injury, indecency, drug abuse, prostitution, whoring, gambling and other illegal and criminal acts that may endanger students’ physical and mental health should be dismissed by the school."

　　The basis of this work is the "Inquiring Methods of Criminal Records of Sexual Offences of Employees in Close Contact with Minors in Ningbo" (hereinafter referred to as "the Measures") issued by Ningbo Municipal People’s Procuratorate in December 2019 in conjunction with 12 units including Ningbo Communist Youth League Committee, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Intermediate People’s Court, Municipal Education Bureau and Civil Affairs Bureau. The Measures was formally implemented on January 1, 2020.

　　The "Measures" propose that close contact with the minor industry includes units, organizations and institutions that have special responsibilities such as guardianship, education, training, rescue, nursing and medical care for minors; Industry personnel include teachers, trainers, coaches, nurses, doctors and other staff who have special responsibilities directly to minors, as well as other staff who are in close contact with minors to facilitate their work.

　　According to statistics, since the implementation of the Measures, Ningbo has inquired about nearly 130,000 people, including on-the-job teaching staff and teachers of training institutions, and found that 12 people have criminal records. The procuratorial organs in Ningbo issued procuratorial suggestions to functional departments and adopted them, effectively blocking the potential risks of campus safety and promoting the improvement of campus safety prevention and control construction.

　　In May, 2020, the People’s Procuratorate of Yuyao found that one of the 23 new recruits who applied for employment in a school in Yuyao had an administrative punishment record for molesting students.

　　After preliminary investigation, Yuyao City Procuratorate immediately obtained its administrative punishment decision, personal resume, application registration form and other related materials, and quickly found out that the person had been administratively punished for molesting two underage girls during his tenure at a school outside Yuyao City.

　　"After discovering this clue, in view of the problem that the education authorities failed to revoke the teacher qualification certificate in time after the person was administratively punished, we issued a procuratorial suggestion to the Ningbo Municipal Education Bureau through the Ningbo Procuratorate, suggesting that it urge the education bureau of a certain district in Ningbo to revoke the teacher qualification certificate of this person." The prosecutor in charge said that at the same time, clues were transferred to the problem that the public security organs imposed too light administrative punishment on the personnel. At present, the person was sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment according to law for child molestation.

　　Implement the mandatory reporting system

　　Build a protective wall for students

　　In a case of alleged indecency recently handled by the People’s Procuratorate of Xiangshan County, Ningbo City, the suspect was prosecuted and the class teacher was held accountable for failing to fulfill the mandatory reporting system.

　　One day in March 2022, five female students from a primary school in Xiangshan County walked into a nearby police station to report that they had been molested by their teacher Hu Moumou. The juvenile prosecutor of Xiangshan County Procuratorate quickly rushed to the police station and intervened in the case in advance.

　　From the facts told by the female students, the prosecutor caught that the class teacher and the school where she works may have failed to fulfill the compulsory reporting obligation, and guided the public security organs to seize the obscene written materials written by the victims at the first time. After finding out the facts, Xiangshan County Procuratorate filed a public prosecution against Hu Moumou for allegedly molesting children, and the court sentenced him to 12 years in prison.

　　Although the case has been completed, the prosecutor’s physical and mental protection for minors has continued. On March 24th, Xiangshan County Procuratorate issued a procuratorial proposal, urging the education department to give corresponding punishment to the teachers who failed to fulfill the compulsory reporting obligations and the schools where they work, and requiring the education department to include the implementation of the compulsory reporting system in the annual assessment of schools. The rewards and punishments must be clearly defined in the detailed rules and the relevant responsibilities must be implemented to people. The education department attached great importance to the procuratorial proposal, specially convened a party committee to discuss the matter, adjusted the assessment indicators of the school’s developmental management by objectives within one week, and added "schools that did not incorporate the mandatory reporting system into the assessment indicators of the management by objectives, and implemented a one-vote veto system in the annual assessment" in the "veto item".

　　At the initiative of the procuratorial organs, all the teachers and staff of primary and secondary schools in Xiangshan County signed a total of 9142 letters of commitment to fulfill the obligation of compulsory reporting, ensuring that the compulsory reporting system was implemented. In May 2022, the Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Education Department respectively imposed disciplinary and political sanctions on the relevant responsible personnel.

　　In response to the social management loopholes in the protection of minors found in the handling of cases, Xiangshan County Procuratorate, together with the county public security bureau and the county education bureau, issued the "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Compulsory Reporting System for Infringement of Minors in Xiangshan County (for Trial Implementation)", taking "three aspects (full investigation of the compulsory reporting of sexual assault cases, full coverage of the signing of the commitment letter of the compulsory reporting system, and full inclusion of the compulsory reporting system in the assessment)" as the starting point, to promote the implementation of the compulsory reporting system and build a protective wall to prevent minors from being infringed.

　　Go into the campus and strengthen the popularization of law

　　Improve the quality and effectiveness of judicial protection

　　In Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, there is an unchecked team of "Seven-color Flowers". At present, seven members are all women, and they strive to bloom and dispel the haze in children’s hearts.

　　Starting from the physical and mental characteristics of minors, the "seven-color flower" unchecked team pioneered a one-stop place and case-handling mode of "integration of prosecutors and police and cooperation between prosecutors and doctors" in the country. The environment of the "one-stop" protection workstation for minors in the hospital is secret and warm, and the resources of all parties are fully utilized to realize the one-time inquiry, evidence collection and inspection of minor victims, so as to avoid "secondary harm".

　　In March, 2021, Ningbo Procuratorate, together with seven units including Ningbo Insurance Office, Municipal Public Security Bureau and Municipal Health and Health Commission, explored the mode of "cooperation between doctors and prosecutors", using the law enforcement case management center of public security organs to open up special case-handling areas, designate special case-handling personnel, implement special rescue teams, and complete the inquiry, physical examination and psychological counseling of underage victims in one stop. At present, the city has built nine "one-stop" protection centers for handling cases.

　　The procuratorial organs at the two levels in Ningbo adopt the principle of minimum tolerance and maximum protection against minors, and accurately and effectively punish crimes against minors. According to statistics, since 2020, the procuratorial organs in Ningbo have approved the arrest of 505 suspects and prosecuted 646 people.

　　At the same time, the procuratorial organs in Ningbo went into the campus to popularize the law and enhance the awareness of the rule of law among minors.

　　It is reported that 178 procuratorial police officers, including 11 chief procurators, have been employed as vice presidents of the rule of law in the procuratorial organs of Ningbo City and conducted publicity on the rule of law. Since 2021, more than 622 lectures on the rule of law with various forms and rich contents have been held online and offline, covering more than 210,000 parents of teachers and students, which has enhanced the concept of the rule of law of teachers and students at school.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Ningbo Procuratorate, Ningbo has conscientiously implemented the "No.1 Procuratorial Proposal" in the procuratorial work of minors, and under the guidance of the concept of maximizing the interests of minors, it has paid equal attention to handling cases, supervision, prevention and education, combined punishment with assistance and education, organically integrated protection, education and control, and continuously promoted the two-way, comprehensive and comprehensive judicial protection of minors. At the same time, it has adhered to the combination of specialized handling cases and socialized protection, and actively promoted the systematic support of social support.

Writing expert: Zheng Peifen, Zhejiang Hospital, Clinical Nutrition Department, Chief Physician, Department Director.

　

　　According to the definition of WHO, two or more chronic non-communicable diseases coexist in the same person, which is referred to as comorbidity, coexistence of multiple chronic diseases or coexistence of multiple diseases. At present, comorbidity includes not only common chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and tumor, but also senile syndrome or senile health problems, such as falls, weakness, sleep disorder, malnutrition, urinary incontinence, delirium, depression and drug addiction.

　　Comorbidity among the elderly is very common. At present, the prevalence rate of comorbidity among people over 65 years old in China is 60%, and the proportion of comorbidity among elderly inpatients is as high as 91.36%. Comorbidity will lead to prolonged hospitalization, increased risk of multiple drugs and adverse events, and increased medical expenses, which seriously threatens the physical and mental health and life safety of the elderly in China.^[1] .

　　The incidence of malnutrition or malnutrition in the elderly with comorbidity is higher.

　　According to the data of prospective and multi-center survey in China, about 10.14% of hospitalized elderly patients are malnourished, and 46.42% are at nutritional risk. The incidence of malnutrition and nutritional risk increases obviously with age.^[2]. The high nutritional risk rate of the elderly in the community is 48.4%^[3]. According to the survey data of nutritional problems of elderly patients with comorbidity in a 3A hospital in Anhui, 68.5% of the elderly patients with comorbidity and multiple drugs are at nutritional risk and 15.7% are malnourished.^[4].

　　Causes of comorbid malnutrition

　　Elderly patients with comorbidity have degraded their own body functions, and at the same time, energy consumption is increased due to disease state and surgery, and their eating and digestive abilities are weakened due to braking, pain, and the need for multiple drugs, which is prone to malnutrition or malnutrition risks. The risk of malnutrition and malnutrition will lead to the increase of daily medication. Comorbidity and malnutrition/malnutrition risk problems interact.

　　Harm of comorbid malnutrition

　　Malnutrition in the elderly population seriously affects the treatment and prognosis of diseases. Malnutrition can not only affect the immune function, drug efficacy, disease or postoperative recovery effect, but also lead to the decline of multi-system function, which is easy to cause infection or make it difficult to control. In addition, poor outcomes caused by malnutrition, such as sarcopenia, cognitive impairment, falls, etc., will also cause weakness or promote the progress of weakness in elderly comorbid patients.

　　Oral nutritional supplement (ONS) has brought many benefits to the elderly with comorbidity.

　　1. ONS can improve the nutritional status of the elderly with comorbidity, which has a positive effect on the treatment of chronic diseases and the prognosis of patients.

　　For a long time, Chinese medical circles have regarded nutrition as a supplement and support, and regarded nutrition as a dispensable auxiliary. In the past 30 years, nutrition research has become a research hotspot. The dual functions of nutrition in significantly improving clinical outcomes and significantly saving medical expenses have been recognized more and more. People’s understanding of the importance of nutrition "treatment" has deepened day by day. Some experts even suggested that the last way to treat chronic diseases is "nutrition treatment". Nutritional therapy plays an important role in maintaining the normal metabolism of cells, supporting the function of tissues and organs, regulating the function of immune system, participating in the physiological function of the body and repairing the structure of tissues and organs.

　　The results of Lancet multi-center research show that compared with providing standard nutrition for hospital kitchens according to patients’ appetite, early ONS nutrition therapy can reduce the risk of complications (the risk of complications in experimental group VS control group is reduced by 19%, 22.9%VS26.9%) and the risk of death (the risk of death in experimental group VS control group is reduced by 35%, 7.2%VS9.9%).^[5].

　

　　Tips: Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONS) are nutritional preparations that can provide a variety of macronutrients and micronutrients for oral use with the aim of increasing oral nutritional intake. ONS has many advantages such as balanced nutrition, scientific formula, safety, effectiveness, convenience and quickness.

　　Click to learn more about ONS.

　

　　2. ONS is the first choice of nutritional intervention for the elderly with comorbidity.

　　ONS is a way of enteral nutrition, which is usually used to supplement the intake when the food is not enough to meet the body’s needs. As a special nutritional supplement formula, ONS can strengthen the content of nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, fat, minerals and vitamins in food and provide balanced nutrients to meet the body’s needs for nutrients. ONS is safe, effective, economical and convenient, and it is the first choice of nutritional intervention for the elderly with comorbidity.

　　3. Under what circumstances do you need ONS intervention?

　　Standardized nutritional therapy is the guarantee for patients to benefit. According to the 2018ESPEN guidelines for nutritional support for comorbidity of internal medicine patients.^[6]And guidelines for the application of parenteral and enteral nutrition in elderly patients in China (2020).^[7]According to the recommendation, elderly patients with comorbidity need routine nutritional screening; MNA-SF and NRS2002 nutrition screening tools are recommended. Elderly patients with malnutrition or nutritional risk and normal or basically normal gastrointestinal function should start enteral nutrition therapy as soon as possible (within 48 hours) to improve muscle loss and nutritional supply, and ONS is the first choice for enteral nutrition.

　　4. Recommended usage and dosage

　　It was found that ONS with 400～600 kcal and/or 30g protein per day, taken orally for 30 ~ 90 days between meals, can improve the nutritional status and clinical outcome of elderly patients. Attention should be paid to frequency, temperature, speed and concentration during use. The temperature is about 40℃, and it will gradually increase from dilute to thick for the first time according to the patient’s intestinal adaptation.

　　5. Precautions for Comorbid Patients to Use ONS

　　Guidelines recommend that comorbid patients should use a high-energy and high-protein diet to achieve energy and protein intake. High-quality protein, especially the formula rich in whey protein, is beneficial to the synthesis of protein in the elderly and easier to absorb; Long-term adequate dietary fiber intake is conducive to maintaining intestinal function. In clinical practice, according to different basic diseases, it is necessary to consider the specific nutrient composition, taste, texture and preservation of ONS. For example, the powder has a long shelf life and is ready to use, and the liquid formula has a high-energy and high-protein dosage form, which can be eaten immediately after opening, but the shelf life after opening is short. Specifically, it is necessary to focus on the patient’s compliance and the sustainability of improving nutritional status.

　　6. The key points of ONS formula selected by patients with different chronic diseases

　　According to the guidelines, the standard whole protein formula is suitable for most elderly patients. For elderly patients with chronic heart failure, high energy density formula is helpful for fluid management; For COPD patients with stable malnutrition, it is suggested to adopt a formula with higher fat ratio; The intake of protein is 1.5g/kg/d; Increasing omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber intake is beneficial to improve lung function and outcome; Elderly patients with diabetes can use the formula suitable for diabetes; For the nutritional treatment of elderly patients with high risk of pressure ulcers with nutritional risk or malnutrition, ONS with high protein is the first choice, and special nutrients rich in arginine, vitamin C and zinc can promote wound healing. In the elderly patients with sarcopenia who are at risk of malnutrition, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids can improve the decline of muscle strength in the elderly and prevent falls.

　　The incidence of malnutrition in elderly patients with comorbidity is high and the harm is serious. Medical institutions and related professionals need to strengthen the training of standardized nutritional treatment, and families and society should give more support to ONS, such as raising awareness of nutritional treatment and supporting medical insurance policies, which will help improve the nutritional status of elderly patients and bring multiple benefits.

　　References:

　　1. Xu Hu, Li Fan, Cao Feng. Clinical challenges and coping strategies in the management of comorbidity in the elderly [J]. Chinese Journal of Elderly Multiple Organ Diseases, 2019,18 (12), 942-946.

　　2. Cui Hongyuan, Zhu Mingwei, Chen Wei, et al. Multi-center investigation on nutritional status of elderly inpatients in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics, 2021,03,364-369.

　　3. Kang Junren, Qiu Yue, Li Hailong, et al. Multi-center cross-sectional survey on nutritional risk of 3885 elderly people in China community [J]. Journal of China Academy of Medical Sciences, 2018,40 (05), 637-641.

　　4. Xu Mengqi, Qin Kan. Analysis of influencing factors of anticholinergic burden and malnutrition in elderly patients with comorbidity [J]. Zhongnan Pharmacy, 2022,20 (04), 934-938.

　　5.Schuetz P, Fehr R, Baechli V, et al. Individualised nutritional support in medical inpatients at nutritional risk: a randomised clinical trial [J]. Randomized Controlled Trial,Lancet. 2019 ; 393(10188):2312-2321.

　　6.Filomena Gomes , Philipp Schuetz , Lisa Bounoure , et al. ESPEN guidelines on nutritional support for polymorbid internal medicine patients[J]. Clin Nutr. 2018 ; 37(1):336-353.

　　7. Guidelines on Parenteral Enteral Nutrition for Elderly Patients in China (2020)[J]. Chinese Journal of Geriatrics, 2020,02: 119-132.

　　　[Related links]

　　Topic-Super Doctor Says Nutrition

Source: Guangming Net

On March 26th, Magic Atoms held the strategy conference of "Atomic Twin" 2025, officially launched humanoid robots and quadruped robots, and launched the end-to-end "Atomic Vientiane Model" for the first time. Magic Atom also announced the launch of the "Thousand Scenes Co-creation Plan", which will expand 1,000 partners around the landing of humanoid robots and create 1,000 landing application scenarios for humanoid robots.

At the press conference, Wu Changzheng, president of Magic Atom, revealed the mass production plan of humanoid robots. It is estimated that 400 humanoid robots will enter industrial and commercial scenes this year.

　　CCTV News:On April 29th, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council held a press conference, and asked the medical team of Beijing Hospital to tell the story of personal experience and fighting the epidemic together with the medical staff and heroic people in Hubei, and to answer questions from the media.

　　The reporter asked: The Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing Hospital is a national key clinical specialty. What experience does it have in the field of traditional Chinese medicine in the process of aiding Hubei?

　　Xi Huan, executive vice president of Beijing Hospital, said that when Beijing Hospital set up a medical team, especially when it set up the second batch of medical teams on February 6, it had already considered some multidisciplinary organizational systems, including the selection of medical personnel from Chinese medicine departments.

　　On the front line of Wuhan, the director of Chinese medicine department of Beijing Hospital insisted on going deep into the ward every day to understand the changes of the condition. After the active efforts of Beijing Hospital and the cooperation and support of Tongji Sino-French New Town Campus, the medical team of Beijing Hospital’s aid to Hubei can carry out prescription treatment by using the method of Chinese medicine-free decoction granules.

　　The decoction pieces of traditional Chinese medicine need to be decocted. After it is granulated, it can be easily combined into a prescription, which is convenient for oral administration. In this way, Chinese medicine experts can truly achieve the treatment based on syndrome differentiation according to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine and the condition of each person. Different methods such as invigorating the spleen, clearing away lung heat, removing dampness and eliminating phlegm are used for different people.

　　In the process of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, the medical team of Beijing Hospital’s aid to Hubei not only used the mature Chinese patent medicines and prescriptions that everyone has recognized, but also adopted the method of dialectical treatment for each patient.

　　In addition, according to the statistics of the hospital’s information system every day, the utilization rate of traditional Chinese medicine among patients in the wards under management has reached more than 95%. Except for a few critically ill patients or those who have been treated with invasive ventilators, it may not be suitable to use traditional Chinese medicine, especially the method of prescription decoction, all patients who can use it have been treated with traditional Chinese medicine. In the process of treatment, the method of traditional Chinese medicine has played a very good role in treating the overall condition and improving the cure rate.

　　From the perspective of western medicine, in view of the lack of specific drugs in Covid-19, all the patients with pneumonia in Covid-19 treated by the Hubei Medical Team of Beijing Hospital adopt a comprehensive treatment method, and western medicine is also a comprehensive treatment method. In the comprehensive treatment, Chinese medicine has played its due role.

　　Camellia oleifera fruit picker invented by Li Lijun team of Central South Forestry University. Photo courtesy of Zhongnan Forest

　　Changsha, December 25th (Reporter Xu Zhixiong correspondent Zou Min Zhou Ying) "Our invention has been recognized as reaching the international advanced level." On 25th, Li Lijun, Dean of School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, proudly said that this newly-developed machine can match the working efficiency of 30 laborers in the past.

　　Tea oil is as famous as olive oil, and is also called "the king of oil", which has unique nutritional value. At the same time, tea oil is also a unique oil species in China, with a history of cultivation and utilization of more than 2,300 years. However, for a long time, because Camellia oleifera grows in the mountains, tea seeds need to be picked completely by hand. "It is difficult to hire people and the labor cost is high" has become a bottleneck that seriously restricts the development of the tea oil industry, and it also directly leads to the continuous rise of tea oil prices, which makes ordinary people discouraged.

　　Camellia oleifera fruit picker being tested. Photo courtesy of Zhongnan Forest

　　Therefore, as early as 2009, the scientific research team of Central South University of Forestry and Science headed by Li Lijun began to study the replacement of manual picking of tea seeds with machines. In the past ten years, they have traveled all over the main tea-oil producing areas in Hunan, fully investigated the planting and picking characteristics of tea-oil trees, and constantly tackled technical problems and improved the prototype of tea-oil tree fruit picker.

　　In view of the characteristics of Camellia oleifera forest, such as complex terrain, random tree shape and synchronous flowers and fruits, Li Lijun team listed four kinds of Camellia oleifera fruit picking methods, made nine rounds of prototypes, broke through seven key technologies, and made a lot of prototype tests, and finally the shaped Camellia oleifera fruit picker came out.

　　"This machine not only has a smart ‘ Picker ’ It can be used for various tree-shaped operations and can walk freely in complex environments such as steep slopes. " Li Lijun said that the most important thing is that it can accurately match the energy, so as to achieve only picking the fruits without damaging the flowers or affecting the yield of tea seeds.

　　Li Lijun said that at the just-concluded evaluation meeting of "Research on Key Techniques and Equipment of Camellia oleifera Fruit Picking" held by Hunan Forestry Society, the Camellia oleifera Fruit Picker of Central South Forestry University was recognized as having solved the problems of efficient picking of Camellia oleifera fruit and less flower loss, and the technology realized independent innovation, the equipment was reliable and practical, and the research results reached the international advanced level. "We plan to use one to two years to promote the beautification, multifunction, intelligence and serialization of Camellia oleifera fruit pickers, and realize mass production to benefit the majority of forest farmers." (End)

　　CCTV News:On March 23rd, the State Council Office held a press conference on deepening the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, promoting the "internet plus" action, and promoting "double innovation" to support the expansion of employment.

　　At the meeting, Sun Meijun, deputy director of the State Administration of Market Supervision, said that it is an urgent task to promote epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development as a whole. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attached great importance to it and made a series of important instructions and instructions, demanding to speed up the establishment of an economic and social order compatible with epidemic prevention and control, comprehensively strengthen measures to stabilize employment, actively and orderly promote the resumption of work and production, and continue to optimize the business environment. Premier Li Keqiang put forward clear requirements for stabilizing employment and enterprises, emphasized stabilizing and supporting market players and enhancing the driving force of economic recovery. Market supervision departments resolutely implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, based on their functions and took the initiative, vigorously promoted the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, focused on optimizing the business environment, fully supported the resumption of production and entrepreneurship, and helped the epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development. Focus on several aspects of work:

　　First, efforts should be made to solve problems and help enterprises to resume work and production.In view of the difficulties existing in the industrial chain, supply chain, capital chain and logistics chain of enterprises during the epidemic prevention and control period, including the difficulties in returning employees to their posts, we issued "Ten Articles of Support for Resuming Work and Production", and together with the Development and Reform Commission and other six departments, we issued "Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Support for Individual Industrial and Commercial Households in Response to the Impact of the Epidemic", with the aim of reducing costs and reducing burdens, helping individual industrial and commercial households to cope with the impact of the epidemic, supporting flexible employment through multiple channels, solving the problem of individual industrial and commercial households resuming business, and creating new opportunities.

　　The second is to focus on supervision and law enforcement and maintain a fair and orderly market order.During the epidemic period, some lawless elements bid up the prices of masks, meltblown fabrics and forehead guns, making "national hardship" and "black-hearted money". Together with the public security organs, we severely cracked down, exposed typical cases, and published 10 batches of typical cases, which formed a powerful shock. At the same time, strengthen the food safety supervision of "rice bags" and "vegetable baskets", promptly investigate potential risks, strictly investigate the behavior of making and selling fake goods and arbitrarily raising prices, maintain market order, and create a safe and secure consumption environment.

　　The third is to deepen reform and continuously optimize the business environment.Promote decentralization, facilitate market access, simplify product approval, and shorten the start-up time of enterprises; Innovate the way of supervision, realize "smart management" among "strict management" and improve the efficiency of supervision; Promote "internet plus" supervision and provide convenience for market players. Through the comprehensive policy of "releasing, managing and serving", the vitality and social creativity of market players have been greatly stimulated.

　　The fourth is to optimize services and give full play to the role of market mechanisms.In order to ensure the market supply and price stability of epidemic prevention materials and people’s livelihood commodities, promote the resumption of work and production, and enhance the confidence in fighting the epidemic, the General Administration of Market Supervision launched the "three guarantees" action of "ensuring prices, quality and supply" on January 29, and through the commitment of the government and enterprises, the joint efforts of market participants to overcome the difficulties and ensure supply and stable prices have been positively responded by the majority of enterprises. Over the past 50 days, more than 15,000 enterprises have participated in the "Three Guarantees" campaign, involving many chain-operated enterprises, with more than 300,000 stores. They publicly promised to guarantee prices, quality and supply. Among them, there are both Fortune 500 enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, covering production and processing, logistics and transportation, shopping malls and supermarkets, catering enterprises, e-commerce platforms, as well as familiar express delivery and other formats, which basically cover the entire supply chain. These large, medium and small enterprises on the platform break through the "blocking points" in the industrial chain and supply chain, connect "breakpoints", and work together to resume production. The "three guarantees" action has stabilized enterprises, stabilized jobs and stabilized employment while ensuring stable supply and prices and meeting the needs of people’s lives.

　　In the next step, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the market supervision department will give full play to its functions, stick to the position of market supervision, serve the overall situation of epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, and make due contributions to achieving this year’s economic and social development goals and building a well-off society in an all-round way.