On the morning of February 1st, official website of Wuhan Municipal Bureau of Statistics announced the news, and Wuhan Municipal Bureau of Statistics and Wuhan Investigation Team of National Bureau of Statistics released the economic operation of Wuhan in 2022. According to the unified accounting results of the city and state GDP in Hubei Province, the regional GDP of Wuhan in 2022 is 1,886.643 billion yuan, calculated at comparable prices, up by 4.0% over the previous year. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 47.579 billion yuan, an increase of 3.2%; The added value of the secondary industry was 671.665 billion yuan, an increase of 7.3%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 1,167.399 billion yuan, an increase of 2.3%.

　　So far, the top ten cities in China’s GDP have published their 2022 economic transcripts. The above data shows that in 2022, Wuhan’s GDP surpassed that of Hangzhou.

　　On January 20 this year, Hangzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics released data: According to the unified accounting results of regional GDP, the city’s GDP in 2022 was 1,875.3 billion yuan, calculated at comparable prices, an increase of 1.5% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 34.6 billion yuan, up by 1.8%; The added value of the secondary industry was 562 billion yuan, an increase of 0.4%; The added value of tertiary industry was 1,278.7 billion yuan, up by 2.0%; The added value structure of the three industries is 1.8:30.0:68.2.

　　According to official data, in 2022, the top ten cities in China will be Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Suzhou, Chengdu, Wuhan, Hangzhou and Nanjing.

　　According to the data released by local statistical bureaus, in 2022, the top five cities in China are: Shanghai (4,465.28 billion yuan), Beijing (4,161.09 billion yuan), Shenzhen (3,238.768 billion yuan), Chongqing (2,912.903 billion yuan) and Guangzhou (2,883.9 billion yuan).

　　Compared with the data in 2021, the pattern of China’s top five GDP cities has changed in 2022, and Chongqing has surpassed Guangzhou to become the "fourth city" of China’s economy.

　　Judging from the GDP data in 2021, the cities ranked sixth to tenth are Suzhou, Chengdu, Hangzhou, Wuhan and Nanjing.

　　Suzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics released data: According to the unified accounting of the Provincial Bureau of Statistics, in 2022, the city achieved a regional GDP of 2,395.83 billion yuan, an increase of 2.0% over the previous year at comparable prices. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 19.30 billion yuan, an increase of 3.0% over the previous year; The added value of the secondary industry was 1,152.14 billion yuan, an increase of 1.8%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 1,224.40 billion yuan, an increase of 2.1%.

　　Statistics released by Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Statistics: According to the unified accounting results of regional GDP of Sichuan (prefecture), in 2022, the city’s regional GDP reached 2,081.75 billion yuan, an increase of 2.8% over the previous year at comparable prices. In terms of industries, the added value of the primary industry was 58.84 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8%; The added value of the secondary industry reached 640.41 billion yuan, an increase of 5.5%; The added value of the tertiary industry reached 1,382.50 billion yuan, an increase of 1.5%.

　　Statistics released by Nanjing Municipal Bureau of Statistics: According to the unified accounting results of regional GDP, the regional GDP of the city in 2022 was 1,690.785 billion yuan, an increase of 2.1% over the previous year at constant prices. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 31.556 billion yuan, an increase of 3.4%; The added value of the secondary industry was 606.964 billion yuan, an increase of 1.7%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 1,052.265 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2%. The added value structure of the three industries is 1.9:35.9:62.2.

　　According to Voice of China’s Global Chinese Broadcasting Network, I believe that in many cities in China, people may be familiar with such a scene: in residential areas, people take blue buckets to swipe their cards in front of a cabinet water purifier to receive water, or in their own kitchens, they get drinking water through filtering equipment.

　　With the improvement of people’s requirements for drinking water quality, people pay more and more attention to the safety and health of drinking water, and water purifiers have become the "new favorites" of many families and communities. However, there is also a contradiction between water purification and water saving.

　　Mr. Wang, a citizen of Qingdao, bought a household water purifier at the beginning of this year. He can drink pure water by turning on the tap, which makes the family’s life much more convenient. But at the end of the month, when I saw the water meter, Mr. Wang was startled.

　　Mr. Wang: The water fee at home is 20 to 30 yuan. Since this was installed, I think it was basically between 40 and 50 in the first two months, which was basically doubled. Later, I learned after asking that after it produced one cup of water, it would basically produce three to four more cups of wastewater.

　　The water purifier has become a waste water machine, so invisible water waste exists not only in household water purifiers, but also in water purification drinking machines set up in many communities. The reporter learned that in many communities in Qingdao, there are three or four such direct drinking machines for water purification. If you put in a piece of 30 cents, you can receive a small bucket of 7.5 liters of water. Because it is more affordable than buying bottled water, many citizens like this direct drinking machine very much. But in the interview, most citizens said they didn’t know about the water waste caused by the direct drinking machine.

　　Citizen: (I used to think) it is so economical and not wasteful, but I didn’t know it was so wasteful.

　　How much water is wasted by this drinking machine? The staff of the water company calculated an account for the reporter. To put it simply, it takes three buckets of tap water to make such a bucket of pure water. The reporter learned that the lowest wastewater rate of water purifiers is 1: 1, and the highest can reach 1: 4. According to the data released by home appliance research institute Yikang, in 2014, there were about 15 million reverse osmosis water purifiers in use in China, and the average annual water consumption of each household reverse osmosis water purifier was about 30 tons, and that of commercial ones was about 60 tons. Only by measuring the low average wastewater rate of 1: 1: 23, there were about one billion tons of tap water lost in vain every year. Insiders reminded that while enjoying clean water, don’t forget to save water.

　　If you use the reverse osmosis water purifier to produce 1 liter of pure water, 3 to 4 liters of water will flow into the sewer. Many times, these "tail waters" which are cleaner than tap water are wasted. However, in the reality that the situation of water resources in many areas of our country is extremely severe, it seems that water purification and water saving are becoming a pair of contradictions. So is this contradiction simply due to poor water use and insufficient water purification technology? How to achieve a good combination of water saving and water purification? We might as well take a look at some water consumption conditions in overseas countries.

　　As the largest island country in the world, Australia can be called "vast territory and abundant resources". However, due to the dry climate and large evaporation, Australia is a country with relatively short water resources. Hu Fang, an Australian observer of Global Chinese Broadcasting Network, told us that tap water in Australia directly meets the drinking water standard. Therefore, most people drink tap water directly, and do not need secondary purification. Because the water plant directly carries out the water purification treatment, it will save some water compared with the water purification for each camp.

　　Hu Fang: The cold water outlet of tap water in Australia has reached the standard of direct drinking water, so few people install a water purifier at home. Usually, people drink water directly from the tap with cups. For some places with high hygiene requirements, such as hospitals or kindergartens, patients or children are directly allowed to drink tap water. Because it is the direct water purification treatment of the waterworks, in the process of water purification, the waste water is not directly dumped, but repeatedly recycled in the waterworks. Therefore, compared with the fragmented water purifier for each household, it will consume less water resources to filter water again.

　　In addition, Australia’s water resources management is also quite detailed. For example, tap water can be divided into cold water and hot water. Cold water can be drunk directly, and hot water can be used as domestic water, such as bathing and washing vegetables. It is not as pure as cold water and cannot be drunk directly. Treating cold water and hot water differently can make less water need to be purified, which is also a way of saving water.

　　Hu Fang: On the other hand, there will be two outlets of cold water and hot water at the faucet outlet in Australia. Cold water can be directly drunk, while hot water can be used as domestic water, such as bathing and washing vegetables, so the requirements for hot water will not be as pure as cold water. Treat hot water and cold water separately, so that less water needs to be purified, and relatively less water resources are consumed in the process of water purification. In addition, Australia itself is a country that lacks water. In many details, Australians will pay great attention to saving water. For example, in some airports or shopping malls in Australia, the water used for flushing toilets is not tap water that can be directly drunk. Usually, these places will use recycled water for flushing toilets. In addition, many buildings in Australia have a water storage tank in which rainwater after rain will be collected. Usually, the water will be used for flushing the toilet and cleaning the floor, thus further reducing the amount of direct drinking water that needs purification treatment.

　　Tang Xinzi, a Japanese observer of Global Chinese Broadcasting Network, told us that Japanese people’s drinking water also comes directly from tap water. Mineral water and purified water are often emergency items for Japanese people to prepare for disasters. At the same time, Japan’s water resources treatment system is quite transparent to the public.

　　Tang Xinzi: When I returned to China, I found that, including my own home, pure water was delivered to my door in buckets. This phenomenon has never been seen in Japan. Turning on the tap in Japan is basically drinkable water, which is the same in urban and rural areas. There are 35 strict requirements for the standard test of water system management. Children are taken to visit local water purification facilities from the beginning of primary school to learn how to clean drinking water in the community. The whole water purification process is transparent for users to see. Japan first carries out disinfection treatment, then carries out a higher level of water purification treatment to remove impurities, and finally sends it to the tap of every family, and you can drink it when you turn on the tap.

　　In the United States, sometimes the problem of tap water pollution also appears in social news. Water purifiers, net kettle and mineral water are one of the water sources for many families. What is the real situation of American daily drinking water? Xing Sijia, the international news editor of Voice of China, once studied in the United States. She introduced this.

　　Xing Sijia: I once asked Americans in new york and Washington, D.C., whether tap water at home can be directly used for drinking. Most of them said that they believed that drinking tap water directly had no health problems. However, the reality is that most American families will install a water filter under the faucet in the kitchen to further improve the quality of drinking water. In fact, as early as 1974, the United States Congress passed the National Safe Drinking Water Act, which ensured the safety of drinking water through the protection of the whole process from the water source to the faucet. There are currently more than 160,000 public water supply systems in the United States, including public and private companies. According to the report of the US Environmental Protection Agency, according to the different water sources, American water companies can choose appropriate process combinations to deal with pollutants found in raw water. The most common water purification process includes flocculation, precipitation, filtration and disinfection. Some water supply systems also use ion exchange and absorption methods. It is understood that these methods have not caused excessive waste of water resources. In addition, in order to ensure the timely and accurate test results of tap water, the EPA has also established a set of sampling procedures for the water quality of tap water companies. For example, bacteria should be checked once a month or once a quarter according to the size of the water plant. However, even so, tap water in the United States has been exposed to potential safety hazards from time to time. As early as the end of 2009, the new york Times reported that tens of millions of Americans had problems with their drinking water, and 49 million Americans had been drinking dirty water for at least five years, which not only contained bacteria,It also contains dangerous chemicals such as arsenic and uranium. The reason, according to expert analysis, is that the infrastructure of the water supply system in the United States is in disrepair and aging seriously.

Expanded foods such as bagged potato chips are also over-packaged. (@ vision china)

The specialty food sold by a merchant is "layered" on the packaging.

In a garbage transfer station, sanitation workers are handling a pile of abandoned foam boxes.

Since September 1, 2023, the mandatory national standard GB23350-2021 "Food and Cosmetics for Restricting Overpackaging of Commodities" (hereinafter referred to as the "new national standard") revised by the State Administration of Market Supervision has been officially implemented, which clearly stipulates the number of packaging layers, packaging cost and packaging void ratio of 31 kinds of food and 16 kinds of cosmetics, including tea. In the past few days, the reporter visited several sanitation stations and garbage transfer stations and learned that over-packaging of food still exists, and most food packaging bags are not recyclable, so they can only be classified as "other garbage" and finally disposed of by incineration, which brings great waste. The commodity packaging that consumers paid for turned out to be the garbage that sanitation workers cleaned up. Should this phenomenon cause reflection? The reporter conducted an investigation and interview on this.

Text, map/Guangzhou Daily all-media reporter Xiao Huanhuan (except signature)

A three-layer package of birthday cake is all non-recyclable garbage except the carton.

At 4 o’clock every morning, when people are still asleep, sanitation worker Luo Xiumei has already got up and started a day’s work.

At 7 o’clock in the morning, at a garbage collection point in Jiangnan Middle Street, Luo Xiumei picked up rubber gloves and sorted the garbage in the trash can for the second time. "Look at this birthday cake box. It has three floors inside and three floors outside, and all the plastic garbage is not recyclable." The reporter saw that this birthday cake box has three layers of packaging, the innermost layer is a plastic bracket, the second layer is a white hard plastic, which plays the role of "shaping" the cake, and the third layer is a beautiful paper box. The reporter visually observed that this cake box is about 30 cm wide.

Luo Xiumei said frankly that this kind of food packaging waste is the most "headache" for sanitation workers. "In addition to the outermost layer of cartons, others are not recyclable. If there is still unfinished cake mixed in the box, we must first dispose of the cake as kitchen waste, then collect the carton as recyclable waste, and then bundle the hard plastic as non-recyclable waste separately. " She told reporters that it often takes four or five minutes to sort out a cake box.

Engaged in sanitation work for many years, Luo Xiumei increasingly felt the workload brought by food over-packaging. "This kind of hard plastic is neither recyclable nor easy to compress, and it is very troublesome to handle. Often two packaging boxes need to occupy a large garbage bag, and sometimes there are more than a dozen cars in this hard plastic packaging box at the end of the day. "

A box of four-layer packaging products of American ginseng tablets accounts for less than 1/5 of the packaging volume.

A garbage transfer station located in Dong Xiao South Road is a large-scale centralized collection and transportation place of domestic garbage in Haizhu District. Journalists can also see all kinds of food packaging waste here. Master Wang, a sanitation worker, opened a packaging box of American ginseng slices. First, there was a layer of velvet cloth, followed by a hard bracket, a plastic box with a concave bottom, and the outermost layer was a hard plastic packaging box. "The product is estimated to be less than 1/5 of the entire packaging volume. Except for a few pieces of American ginseng, everything else should be thrown away as garbage. Velvet cloth like this is non-recyclable garbage. This bracket material is neither glass nor plastic. It may be a synthetic material and cannot be recycled. We can only smash it and take it away as other garbage. "

"We monitor all the more than 200 sanitation workers around the world. Because of the large amount of domestic garbage, we have to clear the road garbage twice a day. Overpackaged food packaging materials like this make sanitation workers miserable." Kong Xiangying, director of Jiangnan Zhongjie City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation Supervision and Inspection Institute, was deeply touched by the over-packaging of food. "Now all kinds of food, tea, nutrition and packaging boxes are too exaggerated, and most of these packaging boxes are not recyclable, so they can only be transported to waste incineration power plants for waste treatment."

Sanitation workers "stand in barrels" overtime, and food packaging waste accounts for about 30% of the daily domestic waste.

Kong Xiangying introduced that Jiangnan Middle Street is located in the prosperous business district of Haizhu District, and there are many kinds of packaged domestic garbage. "The amount of domestic waste that our environmental monitoring institute is responsible for clearing and transporting every day reaches more than 80 tons, and all kinds of food packaging waste account for about 30%."

There are three kinds of food packaging that impressed Kong Xiangying: tea packaging box, moon cake (zongzi) packaging box and nutrition (nourishing) gift box packaging. After various festivals, the food packaging waste to be treated will be doubled than usual, and sanitation workers often have to work overtime from morning until late at night. "Some gift boxes are not only beautifully packaged, but even the individual products in the boxes are packaged in exquisite small plastic boxes, and these hard plastic boxes are not recyclable, and finally they are burned, which is a waste of resources."

Kong Xiangying said that not only the "pool area" of food packaging is getting bigger and bigger, but also some snack packaging, which has increased the burden on front-line sanitation workers. "The so-called’ pool area’ refers to the package void ratio, which refers to the ratio of the necessary space volume occupied by removing the contents in the package to the total volume of the package. According to the new national standard, food packaging should not exceed three layers, and the production organization should take measures to control the cost of all packaging except the packaging that is in direct contact with the inner packaging not to exceed 20% of the product sales. The calculation of packaging voidage requires different requirements according to the different net contents of a single commodity. Take a food with a net content of more than 50mL/g as an example, and its porosity shall not exceed 30%. "

According to this standard, many snack packaging bags collected and transported by Kong Xiangying and his workers at the garbage station are also "exceeding the standard". For example, she said that the big bag of potato chips or puffed food that people often eat is 30 cm long, but the food itself accounts for less than half of the area of the bag. "In order to make food look more’ material’, merchants fill it with air. But this kind of plastic packaging bag can’t be recycled, and it can’t be mixed with other domestic garbage. Every day, just sorting these plastic bags, sanitation workers need to’ stand in the bucket’ for two hours. "

The reporter learned that most of the plastic packaging bags mentioned by Kong Xiangying are made of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. The reason why these plastic packaging boxes and plastic bags are not recyclable is that the materials themselves are not degradable, and there are often residues and pollutants on the packaging boxes. The cost of cleaning these waste plastics is often higher than their own value.

In this regard, Pan Yiwen, director of Huazhou Street City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation Supervision Institute, also feels the same way. "Over-packaging of food has increased the daily workload of our sanitation workers by one-third, and sanitation vehicles have to run several times a day." According to Pan Yiwen, the villages under the jurisdiction of Huazhou Street are densely populated. The institute is responsible for clearing and transporting about 150 tons of domestic garbage every day, and food packaging garbage accounts for about 30% of them.

The recycling cost of foam box is high, and the "special-shaped" packaging and composite plastic products are difficult to handle.

In a garbage transfer station on Dong Xiao South Road, dozens of foam boxes stand out. "This kind of foam box is difficult to handle, and enterprises are not willing to accept it and lose money." The sanitation workers at the scene told reporters.

Pan Yiwen said that foam boxes like this are bulky, light in weight and low in recycling value, and there may be thousands of foam boxes thrown away every day in this area. "White foam boxes are recyclable garbage with extremely low value, and in some places they are classified as non-recyclable garbage. Because of their light weight, high transportation cost, they need special venues and compression equipment in the post-treatment process, and the overall disposal cost is extremely high. Like a 5-ton pickup vehicle, it can only collect and transport dozens of kilograms of foam boxes, and the light freight is not a small expense. "

Pan Yiwen also introduced that some food packaging is not only three layers inside and three layers outside like a doll, but also "abnormal" in shape, which is extremely difficult to handle. "For example, the base in the liquor packaging box belongs to a special shape. The base of each liquor is different, and it is a composite plastic product that cannot be recycled, and a layer of hard plastic on the liquor packaging is also recyclable." He said that in many cases, in order to facilitate transportation, sanitation workers even use hammers to break these hard plastics into pieces. When dealing with these "special-shaped" packages, it is also common for sanitation workers to get their hands cut.

Kong Xiangying once visited the waste incineration power plant and understood how difficult it is to treat this kind of plastic waste. "A variety of plastics are often used in a plastic product, and each batch of plastic products needs to add different chemical additives according to different product requirements. Even if the plastic products are recycled, the chemical structure of recycled plastic products is likely to be affected by previous mechanical forces and high temperature treatment, and the performance is greatly reduced." She said that the recycling of plastics is not as simple as putting all the plastics together. In fact, because many plastics are difficult to recycle, the final treatment method is to burn them to generate electricity, but at the same time it will also produce toxic gases and solid particles that pollute the environment.

Take-out also has over-packaging, and nearly ten pieces of single take-out packaging waste.

Wang Fengli, director of the Second Cleaning Office of Tianhe District Urban Management, told the reporter that with the increasing consumption of take-away, some over-packaged take-away also added a burden to sanitation workers. Except for most of the take-away lunch boxes, other packages in the take-away are not recyclable.

A pair of chopsticks, a plastic spoon, a plastic round bowl, a plastic round bowl cover and a plastic bag. If soy sauce, vinegar or other seasonings are added to the user’s order, 3 to 5 small plastic bags will be produced … For such an order, the amount of garbage generated by the user after eating a takeaway meal will be nearly 10 pieces. However, many disposable tableware and lunch boxes distributed by merchants are actually not used by customers. "There are spoons and chopsticks at home. Many of these disposable tableware have been lost on the spot. For sanitation workers, it is very difficult to handle these non-recyclable take-away packaging." Wang Fengli said that because the take-away packaging needs to be dry and wet, many takeaways may be thrown into the trash can before they are finished. Sanitation workers need to clean up the unfinished meals first, and then recycle all parts of the take-away packaging. Take-away lunch boxes, plastic bags, seasoning bags, tableware bags should be classified, and the work area of sanitation workers in this institute includes crowded places like guangzhou east railway station, so the workload of handling take-away packaging can be imagined. "We handle thousands of take-away lunch boxes every day, and we call for less over-packaging." Chen Guangyou, monitor of the East Station of the Second Cleaning Office of Tianhe District Urban Management, said.

insider

Let the national standard "grow teeth" and let enterprises dare not "step on the red line"

Lu Pengyi, director of Guangdong Packaging Technology Association, has been engaged in the packaging industry for more than 20 years, and he also feels the same way about food over-packaging. "Nowadays, the packaging of many foods and gifts can not be described as extravagant and extravagant, which is completely beyond the scope of normal packaging. Excessive packaging causes a lot of garbage pollution, which not only increases the burden on sanitation workers, but also costs consumers."

"Now 70% of the tea, nutrition and snacks on the market are over-packaged." Lu Pengyi said that companies often find him, hoping that in addition to designing food packaging bags more beautifully, they can also design several layers of packaging bags to make them look more luxurious. Every time a guest puts forward such a request, Lu Pengyi will persuade him: "Product packaging only needs to undertake the most basic functions, so it can be transported and carried without pollution. Even if you want to promote the brand through product packaging, you can’t overdo it, otherwise it will damage the image of the enterprise."

Lu Pengyi said that because the relevant food packaging industry standards promulgated by the state many years ago are only recommended standards, unless the products of enterprises are investigated and dealt with on the spot by relevant administrative law enforcement departments, enterprises have no sense of urgency about the problem of excessive packaging of goods. "Take the cost as an example. There is an unwritten rule in the packaging industry that the cost of outer packaging of products does not exceed 20% of the selling price of products. However, many food production enterprises do not hesitate to spend a lot of money on packaging in order to give their own products extra points, such as some tea and tonics. There are three or four layers of light packaging boxes, and the price of packaging boxes far exceeds 20% of the selling price of products. This is in the final analysis because the rigidity of the old standard is not enough. "

According to the new national standard implemented on September 1st last year, commodity producers and operators who produce and operate commodities that do not meet the packaging requirements stipulated in the new national standard shall be ordered by the market supervision and administration department of the local people’s government at or above the county level or relevant departments to make corrections according to relevant laws and regulations, and those who refuse to make corrections shall be fined from 2,000 yuan to 20,000 yuan, and those who are serious shall be fined from 20,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan.

Lu Pengyi said that the key to curb the problem of food over-packaging is to formulate mandatory standards, strengthen the inspection of product packaging law enforcement, make national standards "grow teeth" and impose heavy penalties on enterprises that violate the new national standards, so that enterprises are afraid to "step on the red line" and gradually establish the concept that "simple packaging is fashion". "After enterprises adapt to the new national standard, the problem of food over-packaging is expected to improve."

Original shui bo Dan mo du chi huo Xiao dui

Tomb-Sweeping Day can’t eat Youth League.

May be the last straw to crush Shanghainese.

Don’t be afraid, the "Youth League Takeaway List+Evaluation" is coming.

Foreign brands actually faintly beat local brands?

I also found the pearl that was missed in the evaluation in previous years!

/

It is divided into four parts.

There are 14 brands, 27 flavors and 78 youth groups.

Time-honored brand, online celebrity style, foreign group and rollover group.

At the end of the article, the "Full Version of Shanghai Youth League Takeaway List" is attached.

Express delivery at the destination & you can buy it without stopping the takeaway.

●

VOL.01

Time-honored brand with stable development

Every year, time-honored brands and local time-honored stores are as stable as Mount Tai, so there are not too many evaluations.

In short, just looking for one is fresh and fresh, and you will never step on the thunder.

Pay attention to eating on the same day, the taste is better.

1. The king of cost performance in the Youth League

Pan yongxing cake yolk meat floss, fine sand

Skin look and feel: very thin, green color, single package.

Skin taste: it is also very sticky at room temperature.

Filling fullness: full

Overall sweetness: 5.5 points

Overall delicacy: 10 points

Cost-effective ratio: wheat green bean paste green group 4 yuan/wormwood egg yolk meat floss green group 8 yuan/only.

takeaway

Meituan (Jing ‘an, Huangpu)

* backstage reply keyword "Youth League" to see the full version.

evaluate

The surprising online celebrity pastry shop has a high cost performance and a dark horse taste.

The skin is thin and stuffed, and the skin is moist and sticky.

Eating in the mouth will not choke the throat, and it will not harden at room temperature.

No one was detected in the previous evaluations.

Wheat green bean paste green ball

The whole youth league is propped up by stuffing! The bean paste stuffing is delicious, with a unique sweet-scented osmanthus fragrance and a strong flavor. Many people think that the taste of green dough skin is too bitter, and they seriously suspect that they didn’t buy it right. The well-made green dough is faint plant fragrance and rice fragrance. We’re a little too hot for this one, but even if it’s not heated, it’s soft and sticky, even more sticky than my boyfriend!

Wormwood egg yolk meat floss green ball

Eating stuffing alone will not be salty, and there will be no complicated seasoning. The stuffing in the middle is also explosive, and the amount given is particularly large. It is clear and chewy. The invagination is slightly oily and tastes better. The most traditional wormwood turf is slightly more herbal than wheat green husk in theory, but it tastes little different in practice.

2. The most recommended time-honored brand with fluffy egg yolk.

Hongkou cake balls with egg yolk, meat floss and bean paste

Skin look and feel: large, oily and smooth, and the granules are packaged separately for easy storage.

Skin taste: not sweet, wormwood fragrance.

Filling fullness: fullness

Overall sweetness: 5 points

Overall delicacy: 10 points

Cost-effective ratio: 5.9 yuan with bean paste flavor/only 100g.

Salted egg yolk tastes 10.5 yuan/100g only.

takeaway

Meituan (Quanchengsong)

* backstage reply keyword "Youth League" to see the full version.

evaluate

Time-honored brands with daily sales of over 10,000 only sell two traditional flavors.

The front shop and the back factory are all freshly baked.

The skin is made of raw powder, and the taste is more q-elastic.

It belongs to the old brand that can stay a little longer, and it can stay for 3 days in cold storage.

Egg yolk floss

The stuffing is very full, the egg yolk floss is the most delicate and soft this time, and the salty taste is also the lightest this time, and there is no egg smell at all (although the fragrance is still not as good as Wuxi Xiaohong Cake Group). After eating a circle, the most surprising smell of salted egg yolk is it. Take a big bite, and you can eat thick stuffing in every bite, and your satisfaction is bursting.

bean paste

The skin won’t harden at room temperature, and its water retention is good. After drying for one day and heating, it immediately returns to sticky and sticky. Although it is very brushed and soft, it doesn’t stick to the mouth at the entrance, and it tastes full of elegant plant aroma. Concealed in soft sand, full of bean fragrance.

3. The most recommended time-honored snacks

-Explosicum Matcha Group

Shen Dacheng Matcha Milk Group and Matcha Durian Group.

Skin look and feel: there is a layer of powder that does not stick to hands and feels soft.

Skin taste: not sweet, very soft.

Filling fullness: fullness

Overall sweetness: 4-4.5 points

Overall delicacy: 10 points

Cost-effective ratio: Matcha milk ball 29.9 yuan/box 200g

Matcha durian group 18.9 Yuan/box 100g

takeaway

Box Horse APP (covering all districts in Shanghai)

* backstage reply keyword "Youth League" to see the full version.

evaluate

Shen Dacheng, with a history of 140 years, is a big cow in the youth league, playing with various tastes.

Making dumplings into snacks is a bit expensive, but it tastes a bit subversive.

The skin is delicate and soft, put it on the frozen layer and take it out, and it will soon thaw.

Matcha milk ball

The stuffing in the middle is made of cream and solid milk, which even smells of oil when eaten. The milk is not condensed together, but like a flowing heart. The sweetness is very restrained, which is the least sweet invagination in the whole evaluation. The skin feels soft and soft, and it is malleable and elastic when pulled, which can do better than many fresh Dafu.

Matcha durian Tuan

The skin of durian balls will be a little thicker and a little harder, and the Explosicum in the middle is the taste of fresh durian, which is gently softened into the mouth. Because the invagination adds real durian pulp, which is a little sweeter than the milk ball.

4. The most recommended time-honored brand with bean paste flavor

Wang Jia sha ai ye Xi sha

Skin look and feel: dark color

Skin taste: sticky, brushed, refreshing aroma.

Filling fullness: particularly full.

Overall sweetness: 5.5 points

Overall delicacy: 9.5 points

Cost performance: 41.3 yuan/6 PCs (online shopping)

takeaway

Meituan (at present, the Youth League has suspended takeout)

Can be called to run errands.

* backstage reply keyword "Youth League" to see the full version.

evaluate

An old brand founded in 1945.

Rare, the most traditional use of natural mugwort leaves, making green skin.

In last year’s Youth League evaluation, many local fans strongly urged Amway.

It’s big enough for a family to stutter for six months (joke: D).

Tearing is the fragrant bean paste, and the sweetness of the middle beans is slightly sweeter than that of Hongkou cake dough. The bean paste is ground very finely, so you can’t eat it.

The skin is moderate in thickness, and it is a little hard to take out, but it will become particularly soft when heated casually. The aroma is very refreshing, and the more you chew, the more fragrant it is, and it is fresh and greasy, and its extensibility is particularly good. Looking for a dream group, it has to be Master Wang!

5. Sweet and sour fruit bean paste green ball

Kutokuhayashi blackberry fine sand

Appearance of skin: thin skin, a little dry (transportation reasons)

Skin taste: soft, waxy, brushed and not sweet.

Filling fullness: it’s still full.

Overall sweetness: 5 points

Overall delicacy: 9.5 points

Cost performance: 50 yuan /6 PCs.

takeaway

Meituan (Huangpu District)

* backstage reply keyword "Youth League" to see the full version.

evaluate

This year is just 100 years old.

The most famous are Malantou Youth League and shepherd’s purse Youth League.

Innovative tastes such as vegetarian crab powder green group and blackberry bean paste green group are also popular.

We bought it, probably because of the take-away extrusion and air leakage. It looks like a small broken ball with a little bad appearance and some skins are a little hard, so once again, we must not blow the hair. However, the flaws don’t cover up, and the taste can still be hanged.

The red bean paste is very moist and can taste the sour taste of black plum, which is sour and sweet. The stuffing is not very full, but it tastes more balanced with soft glutinous skin. The brushed green skin and the red bean paste with a flowing heart inside will blend together slightly.

6.3 colors of time-honored online celebrity Youth League

Xinghualou 3-color "Youth League"

Skin look and feel: the shape is good

Skin taste: the skin is restrained in sweetness, relatively q-elastic, and the extensibility is average.

Filling fullness: very full.

Overall sweetness: 7.5 points

Overall deliciousness: 7.5 -9 points

Cost performance: 95 yuan/box /6 PCs.

takeaway

Meituan (Quanchengsong)

* backstage reply keyword "Youth League" to see the full version.

evaluate

Founded in 1851, it stood in line for 3 hours at the height of the fire, and the price of scalpers increased tenfold.

It’s an old brand that likes innovative tastes very much.

In that year, the pink and purple "Youth League" was launched, which caused the whole network to punch in.

There are also flavors such as shredded chicken bacon and cheese beef.

Green-green ball with bean paste

Dafu in the youth league is made of glutinous rice from Wuchang, Heilongjiang. QQ is soft, not very sticky, and has a faint fragrance. But the rose bean paste is too sweet. Perhaps the signature salted egg yolk meat floss green ball is the king.

Pink-yogurt flavor

Online celebrity pink "Youth League" newly released in 19 years, there is no need to queue up to buy it this year. Thick cheese flavor, the overall milk flavor is quite sufficient, and you can also eat coconut fruit, and the sweetness will not be too exaggerated. This one is most recommended.

Purple-purple sweet potato and bean paste flavor

It is a online celebrity flavor produced in 19 years, with sweet bean paste in the middle, fine bean paste and a faint rose flavor.

●

VOL.02

Online celebrity & Wonderful Youth League

It’s not a youth league that is selling now, but it always seems a little less interesting.

Many of them have also left the category of youth league.

Run to the avenue of Dafu, snacks and other cakes.

Either because it is original and delicious, or because it can be preserved for a long time.

It’s still worth a taste

1. Edible "blush" dumplings

Box horse x flowers know WOW meets the flower god "blush" dumplings

Skin look and feel: pink blush color, mini head.

Skin taste: more Q-bomb, with different tastes, sweeter.

Filling fullness: relatively full.

Overall sweetness: 9.5 points

Overall deliciousness: 6.5-7 points

Cost performance: 35.9 yuan/box 190g

takeaway

Box Horse APP (covering all districts in Shanghai)

* backstage reply keyword "Youth League" to see the full version.

evaluate

Co-branded with beauty makeup, nice blush color scheme.

People want to ask about the color number. The packaging is also exquisite, and you can collect it after eating.

Chestnut creamy taste

You can eat a piece of chestnut granules, and the taste of chestnuts is relatively cured. When eating, it can be served with two flavors of pop rocks, and the feeling of bouncing with your mouth is quite exciting.

Taotao cheese flavor

Overall, it has a strong cheese and peach flavor. Just smelling it, Momoka is quite obvious. The outer skin QQ is different from the traditional youth league. The invagination tastes like Cantonese moon cakes, which are sweeter.

Taro milk flavor

The sweetest of the three models, each of which tastes like drinking milk tea, is suitable for the dessert party.

2. Stripes of youth league

Box horse x tiger head bureau egg yolk seaweed meat floss green ball cake

Skin impression: the green ball is made into a "strip cake"

Skin taste: light taste and good extensibility.

Filling fullness: very full

Overall taste: soft and glutinous

Overall sweetness: 7 points

Overall delicacy: 7.5 points

Cost performance: 19.9 yuan/box 300g

takeaway

Box Horse APP (covering all districts in Shanghai)

* backstage reply keyword "Youth League" to see the full version.

evaluate

Box horse and the Chinese dim sum shop that burst into flames jointly signed, and the two chefs were ecstatic.

Super showman’s striped youth league.

The skin can be pulled and brushed at will, and it is soft to pinch. The unified feature of the green ball that can be preserved for a long time is that it is not too sticky. It seems that it is easier to eat when it is made into long strips, and the stuffing will not fall everywhere.

The invagination is the taste of egg yolk seaweed floss, and the ratio of invagination to skin is just right. The light skin just neutralizes the salty and sweet taste of invagination and is not too oily.

3. Hangzhou China Time-honored Brand Innovative Taste

Zhiweiguan egg yolk floss cheese

Jasmine green sea salt raw coconut latte

Skin look and feel: slightly transparent, excellent extensibility.

Skin flavor: sweet, with strong green wort and wormwood flavor.

Filling fullness: fullness

Overall sweetness: 7 points

Overall deliciousness: 5 -7.5 points

Cost performance: 5.9 yuan/box /2 PCs.

takeaway

Box Horse APP (covering all districts in Shanghai)

* backstage reply keyword "Youth League" to see the full version.

evaluate

Hangzhou’s time-honored Chinese concept of knowing taste was founded in 1913.

Packaging is a very pink Chinese style.

The sweetness is relatively restrained, and it is not bad in the small snacks of the Youth League.

Egg yolk floss

The salted egg yolk in the middle is chewy, and it is very fragrant with New Zealand butter. The key is not sweet and greasy. On the contrary, the skin is sweet, which can be 8 -9 points sweet. At room temperature, the epidermis can be drawn crazily, but it is not glutinous, but has a slightly Q taste.

Cheese, cheese.

Cheese cheese sandwich, the cheese flavor is still very strong, it is hard to eat at room temperature and it is not easy to melt. After heating in the microwave oven for 30 seconds, it will soften slightly, and the skin will melt like porridge, which will be more delicious.

Jasmine qingti

Jasmine flavor and green flavor can be smelled at once, with a faint fragrance and not too sweet.

Sea salt coconut latte

The invagination is soft, like a moon cake, and the latte is very heavy, a bit like coffee candy, slightly bitter. Personally, the stuffing tastes a little separated.

4. Minority Hakka salty tea tastes green.

Shanhaichao salty tea cake, dried tangerine peel and bean paste, salted egg yolk meat floss

Skin look and feel: 3 colors, each round.

Filling fullness: fullness

Cost performance: 88 yuan/box /6 PCs.

(Off the shelf)

evaluate

Shunde restaurant Shan Haichao and master Lin Zhenguo, the master of Cantonese cuisine,

Together, we created a green group with salty tea flavor.

The combination of meat and vegetables in the middle, such as shrimp, mushrooms, pork and preserved vegetables, is Hakka’s taste.

A gift box has three flavors, but it can only be stored for a few days. The package is particularly beautiful and can be given as a gift.

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VOL.03

/

Online celebrity gaotuan branch is now selling in the field.

This time it was completely planted with grass, and both families were unexpected.

There is even a tendency to surpass Shanghai’s time-honored brands.

However, the youth league in other places is delicious, and after transportation,

All tastes should be discounted, so it’s better to eat locally.

1. The most amazing invagination in the audience

Wuxi food market online celebrity gaotuan

Xiao Hong Gao Tuan Branch (Daoxiang Branch) Egg Yolk Rousong

Skin look and feel: relatively large

Skin taste: fresh

Filling fullness: fullness

Overall sweetness: 4.5 points

Overall deliciousness: 8.5 points (only refers to purchasing)

Cost performance: 9 yuan/only.

takeaway

Taobao daigou

evaluate

The online celebrity cake group in Wuxi food market has been in operation for more than 20 years.

There are two municipal medals on the facade, so hot that there are scalpers and daigou.

Maybe it took a whole day to transport it, but it was still frozen. When I got it, it was already hard. A lot of stuffing is given, and the outer skin is slightly thick to wrap the stuffing in the middle.

The stuffing in the middle is very delicious, with distinct threads, fresh and sweet taste, and the aroma of eggs will stay in the mouth for a long time. Even if there are many old brands in Shanghai, it is still the most fragrant salted egg yolk invaginated in this evaluation. I have been planted with grass, so I must eat it when I go to the local area!

2. Nanjing local manpower pushes the Youth League

Xu Ayi Qingtuan Egg Yolk Rousong

Skin impression: each one is full and half the size of a fist.

Skin taste: fragrant and glutinous.

Filling fullness: full

Overall sweetness: 6 points

Overall deliciousness: 8 points (only refers to purchasing)

Cost performance: 8 yuan/only.

takeaway

Taobao daigou

* backstage reply keyword "Youth League" to see the full version.

evaluate

This is an old handmade shop pushed by local manpower in Nanjing.

Hidden in the alley, but still a long queue.

Ranked first in the Nanjing cake group heat list.

It looks full and round to the naked eye. When fresh, the smell of rice and wormwood is very strong. When heated, the room is full of fragrance. The egg yolk inside is a whole one, which is very fragrant.

3. Suzhou Net Red Auntie Youth League

Suzhou Shen Ji Qing Tuan zhi ma dou sha

Skin impression: relatively small, 1 mouth, 1.

Filling fullness: fullness

Cost-effective ratio: 1 yuan with bean paste/1.5 yuan with sesame seeds/only.

takeaway

Taobao daigou

* backstage reply keyword "Youth League" to see the full version.

evaluate

Aunt Shen Jianfen, the proprietress, inherited her craft from her grandfather.

It has been made for decades and is the most popular cake group in Suzhou.

The youth league is the smallest in this evaluation, only 2-3 coins in size. But the cost performance is very high, with an average price of more than 1 yuan. Sesame stuffing is still flowing. In addition to the traditional tastes, there are also innovative new flavors such as chocolate stuffing, five kernels and hundred fruits.

●

VOL.04

Rollover group, but the cost performance is ok.

Maybe the greater the expectation, the more I want to spur.

For the sake of cost performance, comfort yourself, what kind of bike do you want?

1. The green ball delayed by the skin

Master Bao’s egg yolk meat floss green ball

Skin impression: small one, good shape.

Skin taste: smells light aroma, slightly salty, Q-bomb.

Filling fullness: not bad

Overall sweetness: 7 points

Overall delicacy: 6.5 points

Cost performance: 22 yuan/box /4 PCs.

takeaway

Meituan (Quanchengsong)

* backstage reply keyword "Youth League" to see the full version.

evaluate

Master Bao, who is famous for his meat floss, made the meat floss into a green ball.

It’s a little overturned, but the price is cheap in the egg yolk meat floss youth group.

The invagination is a delicate meat floss, salty and fragrant. It may be because the invagination is rich, so it is matched with a thicker outer skin.

Whether the skin chews is soft or not, but the Q-bomb is brittle and tough. However, the skin is a little salty, and the sweet party is a little incompetent. It is better to eat the whole one together.

Summary of this evaluation

1. Eat Youth League. You can’t go wrong by picking one of the most recognized old brands in Shanghai.

2. Qing Tuan, freshly baked is the best, and it is best to eat it while it is hot.

3. online celebrity style, the leather is far less than the existing one, and there is much novelty in it.

3. The youth league from other places tends to beat the Shanghai Youth League, but no matter how delicious it is, the taste will be discounted after transportation, so you must go to the local area to eat.

Heating TIPS

1. It’s better to eat it while it’s fresh.

2. The microwave oven usually lasts for 30 seconds. If it is overheated, it will lose water and harden.

3. It usually takes a few minutes to steam over the water, and it is easy to steam the skin.

4. If you want to keep it for a long time, you can put it in the freezer and steam it when you eat it.

* The method of heating greatly affects the taste, otherwise the delicious green balls will be spoiled.

Keyword reply "Youth League"

View the full version of Shanghai Youth League takeaway list.

Including purchase channel+taste+where can I buy it?

Photography | Liu Chuanfeng Design | Lao Wang next door

* The pictures and words in the text are original by the team.

The thief is far away.

Takeaway list 1, Minhang article

Shanghai 2022 Online Shopping Raiders

After unsealing, eat all over Xuhui together.

"Being slightly fat is the best figure"

– The End –

Original title: "Evaluation of 78 Youth Groups, with a list of takeout in the whole city"

Read the original text

1905 movie network news Hollywood action thriller visual effects giant will officially land in national cinemas on Friday, March 31, and the pre-sale is now in full swing. This latest masterpiece, created by the screenwriter team, will once again present treading on thin ice’s movie-watching experience, and take the audience to the road of escape facing the prehistoric beasts. A few days ago, the film released a clip of "Confronting the Beasts", in which the beasts who dominated the Cretaceous earth entered a state of battle and teamed up to besiege the survivors who were seriously injured. The inescapable plight was worrying.

The film "Escape from Cretaceous" was released for the first time, showing the tragic situation of two survivors "confronting the beasts". Commander Mills (decoration) was accidentally injured while trying to search for the signal. At the same time, several wild animals emerged from the fog and eagerly approached this "prey" that lost its combat effectiveness. With the help of the little girl Kouya (decorated), Mills barely resisted the first attack of the beast at this critical moment. But survival is only the beginning, more beasts show their fangs, and a more violent attack is coming!

Through this clip of "Confronting the Beasts", the audience can appreciate the escape atmosphere of "Escaping from the Cretaceous". Some people commented excitedly: "I feel the horror of the beast riding on the face through the screen." In the movie, Mills and Koya accidentally came to the earth 65 million years ago. In this prehistoric world dominated by wild animals, they had to fight hard to survive. The future vs prehistoric cross-time confrontation is officially staged, get ready, and the big screen will meet the extreme impression of "seeing palms sweating"!

In order to create such an immersive experience, the founders have made a lot of efforts behind the scenes. The director revealed: "Most of the filming of this film is in real locations and real scenes, and we will not stop even in thunderstorm weather." This ingenious shooting method enables the actors to make the most realistic response. The film’s protagonist, Mills, is played by Oscar-nominated actor adam driver. As the hottest powerful actor in recent years, he has contributed to the superb performance of "film emperor" in this film. His expressive body language and distinct emotional changes have brought the audience a "suffocating" experience with rapid heartbeat, and he has also won unanimous praise from film critics: "adam driver once again proved his performance skills and deserves to be the representative of the new generation of Hollywood acting school!"

"Escape from Cretaceous" was directed by Scott Baker, a screenwriter team in Quiet Place, and the director of "Spider-Man" series was the producer, starring adam driver and Ariane greenblatt. On March 31, Japan was released nationwide on Friday, and the pre-sale was in full swing!

"Steady! Add up the paddle frequencies! Come on! There are the last 500 meters! " On the waterway, the athletes struggled to paddle and cut the waves; On the shore, coaches, team leaders, etc. followed by cycling all the way, cheering up while commanding the team members, and the constant shouts resounded through the lake, becoming a beautiful landscape at the scene of the highest-level rowing competition in China.

From September 5 to 9, 2023, the National Rowing Championship was held in Yulin Water Sports Center, Shaanxi Province. A total of 731 athletes and 299 boats from 21 teams including Hubei, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Fujian competed for gold medals in 14 events. 31 athletes from our province participated in 11 events, and after fierce competition, they won 1 gold and 1 bronze.

Yu Jingyi went into battle with injuries.Hubei team won the gold medal of women’s solo boat again after 22 years.

In the women’s single sculls final held on the 8th, Yu Jingyi won the championship with a score of 7 minutes 49.67 seconds.

It was a crosswind that day, with occasional raindrops flying. With the starting gun, six boats from Hubei, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Henan, Jiangxi and Shanghai entered the women’s open single sculls final A. In the first half of the 500-meter race, the contestants struggled bravely, but Yu Jingyi did not seize the advantage and ranked third. By the time she reached 1500m, Yu Jingyi maintained a good physical condition, and her oar was powerful, which enabled her to overtake. In the sprint stage, she accelerated the paddle frequency, and finally won the gold medal by leading her opponent by 1.46 seconds! This is also the second time that the Hubei team won the gold medal in the women’s solo boat project after a lapse of 22 years. The last time the Hubei team won the gold medal in the solo boat was in 2001.

Behind the success is the team’s all-out efforts and the tenacious struggle of the players. Few people know that Yu Jingyi didn’t start rehabilitation training until one and a half months before the game because of injury. On the night before the game, Yu Jingyi was still taking medication because of hip joint glenoid lip injury. During the competition, Yu Jingyi endured physical pain, overcame various difficulties and finally won the first prize.

Yu Jingyi used to be a kayaker, but later she switched to rowing and practiced rowing for just over a year. Chen Zheng, head coach of Hubei Rowing Team, said that Yu Jingyi’s physical fitness is very good, and she has both physical fitness, endurance and outburst. Although she is in poor health, she has broken through herself with tenacious fighting spirit.

Yu Jingyi said that the gold medal was really hard-won, and all this was attributed to the joint efforts of the team. Thanks to the care and support of the center, the training guidance of the coaching team and the full support of the medical team. What we have to do now is to take every step in a down-to-earth manner and strive to win gold and silver for Hubei in the National Games!

In addition, Zhang Qiuyi, He Jiaying, Shi Hongmei and Yang Rongrong won the third place in the women’s open four-person single paddle final held on the 9th. Wu Yongmei, Li Duolei, Sun Ning and Wei Wenlin won the fourth place in women’s open sculls.

Provincial aquatic center: gathering strength for "three major preparations" to strive for a breakthrough

The person in charge of the provincial aquatic center said that the competition was a little regrettable and did not fully reflect the overall strength level of the Hubei team. In addition to Liu Zhiyu, Wang Zifeng and Li Wenlei, the three main players selected for the national team were absent for preparing for the Hangzhou Asian Games, and absolute main players such as Lin Xinyu and Zhang Peixin were also unable to participate due to injuries. Zhang Peixin, in particular, just won the gold medal in women’s synchronized single oar at the Chengdu Universiade held in August. During her preparation for her return to the province, she chose to retire because of injury and illness, which caused the overall strength of the Hubei team to be insufficient. Fortunately, there was little gain in the competition, and the gold medal in the women’s solo boat was very meaningful, which made people see progress and hope.

In the next step, Hubei team members will do their best to play the upcoming Asian Games in Hangzhou, achieve the set goals, and make a good start for the "three major preparations" of this cycle. In the future work, Hubei team will continue to strengthen physical training, constantly improve the level of special sports, give full play to the advantages of the project, lay a solid foundation for next year’s Paris Olympic Games and the Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao National Games the year after, strive for breakthroughs, and contribute to accelerating the construction of a strong sports province in Hubei to a higher level!

The competition was hosted by the Water Sports Management Center of the State Sports General Administration, China Rowing Association and Shaanxi Provincial Sports Bureau, and was undertaken by Shaanxi Water Sports Management Center and Yulin Sports Bureau.

　　[Aika Auto Vision Original]

　　Children’s Day is coming, how can you let your children feel your deep love? I think that "you ask me how much I love you, and toys represent my heart", and only toys are the most conquering. But what kind of toys should I choose? Parents have no choice but to fall into the dilemma of "it is difficult to choose gifts and it is difficult to go to heaven". Think about our childhood, transformers, four-wheel drive racing cars and other toys, all left us with simple and beautiful childhood memories. But that era has long passed, and for the rich people now, they just like to play with some ordinary objects to make them luxurious and fancy. Today, let’s take a look at the toy cars of those "trenches", which can definitely kill everything in your childhood. Don’t believe it.

　　The electric children’s car must be familiar to everyone. At the beginning, it was mainly designed for children. In order to adapt to children’s behavioral ability, prams are generally simple in structure and easy to operate. Even adults can drive remotely outside the car, and the speed will not exceed 5 km/h. But the toy car we want to talk about today is completely different from the ordinary children’s toy car that can be seen everywhere on the street. They are made in strict accordance with the real car model, and even the roof, windshield, headlights and decorative parts have been copied intact, which is actually a mini car. Of course, the price is by no means affordable for ordinary families.

Ferrari children’s car

Mclaren P1 children’s car

Nicholas Mee DB5

Rolls-royce SRH

　 　 　 Different from the children’s version of electric cars that cost thousands of dollars in the market, the current "baby carriage" has more scientific and technological content and is closer to the appearance of real cars in real life. Although it is much smaller than an ordinary car in size, it is by no means much cheaper than a car in price. With the popularization of automobile culture in China and the improvement of income level, wealthy people in China have also turned their attention to these advanced toy cars, and some domestic enterprises have begun to set foot in this field.

As an important protection in the process of drug development, patent is self-evident. The number of patents owned by an enterprise not only forms important intellectual property protection for products, but also reflects the status and value of the enterprise. However, patents are also divided into "three, six and nine grades". A high-quality authorized patent not only protects the value of the product, but also has high value itself. However, a patent full of loopholes is difficult to obtain authorization. Even if it is authorized, it will be easily challenged by competitors, and eventually it will be "invalid", which will bring serious economic losses to enterprises. Therefore, it is extremely important for the pharmaceutical industry to understand "invalid patent" and achieve "from defense to attack"

What is the "patent invalidation system"

Patent invalidation system, which is regarded as "a corrective procedure for wrong patent authorization", has attracted much attention in patent systems in various countries, and its essence has the functions of error correction, defense and defense. The invalidation of patent will have a direct impact on the validity of patent right, and whether the patent right is effective and stable is an important premise and index to measure the quality of patent. Generally speaking, the invalidation of an invention-creation experience is finally kept valid, and its patent value is higher, which will also have an important impact on the subsequent measures taken by the patentee and the invalid claimant.

With the rapid increase in the number of drug patent applications and patent authorizations in China, there are more and more phenomena of using invalidation to challenge other people’s drug patents and expand their own benefits. Even the patent departments of some companies will organize personnel to "attack" competitors’ patents; At the same time, in order to keep the core claims of their own patents, some patentees have reduced their patent protection scope through invalidation to avoid subsequent patent litigation. In short, it is one of the necessary skills for every pharmaceutical company to protect its "core rights" by using the patent invalidation system as much as possible.

Based on the case of sildenafil patent in Pfizer, the author explains the importance of "invalid patent". In this case, the key points of the game for "invalid reasons" are as follows:

1. The patent specification shall explain the drug activity, preparation method, effective dosage and use method of the drug, and describe the medical effect of the drug on the second indication in detail through animal experiment or clinical trial data. However, the writing of the instructions is far from the above requirements, so that technicians in the technical field can’t know what medicine to use, what disease to treat, how to use the medicine correctly and how effective it is by reading the instructions without creative labor.

Second, this patent specification only generally records that the compounds of the present invention have been tested in vitro and found to be strong selective inhibitors of PDE-V with specificity for cGMP; Ordinary technicians in this profession can’t see what the so-called particularly preferred compounds are from this description, while the claims seek to protect the use of four products, and ordinary technicians in this profession can’t determine the relationship between these four products and the particularly preferred compounds in the above text description.

Three, the applicant made a major amendment to the claim, in fact, after the original claim was deleted and reassembled. This modification cannot be directly and undoubtedly derived from the information disclosed in the original specification and claims. Obviously, because the original specification and the claims did not fully disclose that the products in the present claims have clear medical functions and unexpected technical effects as required by the Patent Law, the modification results of the claims cannot be directly and undoubtedly derived from the specification and the original claims.

4. As the existing cGMP and PDE inhibitors can be used to treat ED, it has been suggested and suggested many times in the relevant literature, it is not difficult for ordinary technicians in this field to draw the results in the claims from these tips and suggestions.

On the above questions, Pfizer answered each "invalid reason" one by one, proving that there is no problem with the creativity of its patent. After that, the original Patent Reexamination Board of China National Intellectual Property Administration finally declared the patent authorized by the original research company Pfizer invalid through in-depth research. Pfizer was dissatisfied with the above decision of the original re-examination board, and immediately appealed to the Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court to sue the original patent re-examination board, requesting the court to cancel its decision of invalidation. After repeated debates, in 2006, the Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court officially announced the revocation of the decision of No.6228 made by the original Patent Reexamination Board. Since then, Pfizer’s Viagra has made huge profits in China every year, but sildenafil produced by domestic generic drug companies cannot be listed. This situation continued until the listing of domestic sildenafil "Jinge" in 2014.

The importance of "public opinion"

The application for "invalid patent" can not be disputed only after authorization. When the application documents appear, they can be questioned in the form of "public opinions". Article 48 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law stipulates that "from the date of publication of an application for a patent for invention to the date of announcement of the grant of a patent right, anyone may put forward opinions to the patent administration department of the State Council and explain the reasons", which is also called "public opinions" in the industry. Pharmaceutical enterprises should make full use of this provision to protect their own interests to the maximum extent.

The rosiglitazone case illustrates the importance of "public opinion". In 1993, GlaxoSmithKline applied for a series of patents including pharmaceutical compounds and compositions, such as the invention patent application with the application number of CN98805686.0, which requested to protect the pharmaceutical composition containing 2mg~8mg of rosiglitazone. The application date was June 2, 1998, the publication date was July 5, 2000, and it was authorized on July 2, 2003. It can be seen that it took about three years from the disclosure of the patent application to the announcement of authorization. During these three years, the relevant enterprises in China did not put forward any "public opinions".

In 2004, when Shanghai Sanwei Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang Wanma Pharmaceutical, Chongqing Taiji Group and other domestic enterprises have invested a lot in research and development of this drug or entered the stage of drug registration, they suddenly received a lawyer’s letter from GlaxoSmithKline, claiming that the products developed by the above-mentioned enterprises infringed their patent ZL98805686.0, demanding that the above-mentioned enterprises stop the research and development and listing of related products and compensate for the losses. As a result, these enterprises jointly requested the original patent reexamination board to declare the patent invalid. Although the case ended in GlaxoSmithKline’s abandonment of the patent, it lasted for a long time and had a great impact, causing huge losses to China enterprises.

Analyzing the case, when domestic pharmaceutical companies were ready for production and even obtained the approval of drug production, they found that they were facing the infringement lawsuit of foreign pharmaceutical companies, so they passively responded and rushed to the original Patent Reexamination Board to file a patent invalidation request in an attempt to invalidate the patent. In this case, even if the patent right can finally be declared null and void in whole or in part, China enterprises still face huge market risks and interest losses due to the long trial period and long-term uncertainty of rights.

In fact, an application for a patent for invention will be published within 18 months from the date of filing (unless the applicant requests it to be published in advance), and then the Patent Office will start substantive examination on it at the request of the applicant. If the examiner thinks that the patent application conforms to the relevant provisions of the Patent Law and the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law, the patent right will be granted and announced to the public, otherwise, it will be rejected. After the patent is granted, anyone (the third party) who thinks there is a problem with the patent grant may go to the relevant department to request that the patent be declared invalid. Of course, if you are not satisfied with the invalidation or review decision made by the relevant department, either party can also bring a lawsuit in court. Generally speaking, after an invention patent is published 18 months from the date of filing, it sometimes takes 2-4 years to decide whether to authorize it. At this stage, whether the patent application can be finally authorized is still in a pending state, which is the time allowed to put forward "public opinions" as stipulated in Article 48 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law. It can be seen that how to reduce the losses caused by patent disputes relatively, the "public opinion" before patent authorization is very important.

In recent years, Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises have paid more and more attention to the protection of intellectual property rights. The intellectual property departments of many large pharmaceutical companies have even reached the scale of 100 people. In addition, for some important patent applications, some pharmaceutical companies will take them to more professional patent agencies for secondary processing and polishing before submitting applications. It can be seen that pharmaceutical companies pay more and more attention to patent application and are more and more cautious about controlling patent quality. With the increasing number of patent challenges and invalid patent applications, the trend of domestic pharmaceutical companies turning from defending to attacking intellectual property rights has been initially established.

(Qiang Sen)

　　The Beijing Housing Provident Fund Center recently released the hot questions of the 12329 hotline. In this group of "business questions and answers", there is a more detailed description of whether you can apply for withdrawal of provident fund when buying a house outside the administrative area of Beijing with a loan and how to withdraw the provident fund when buying a house outside Beijing.

　　Beijing Housing Provident Fund Center said that if commercial bank loans and off-site housing provident fund loans are used to purchase houses outside the administrative area of Beijing, the paid employees and spouses should have no record of purchasing houses within the administrative area of Beijing and can apply for withdrawal if certain conditions are met. In addition, if there is no self-owned housing in the administrative area of Beijing, you can also apply for housing provident fund withdrawal without a rental contract and invoice. You can withdraw it once a month at the standard of 1,500 yuan every quarter, and you need to reapply after one year of withdrawal.

　　Purchase

　　It is necessary to meet the conditions that the depositor and spouse have no room in Beijing.

　　The Beijing Housing Provident Fund Center said that if you use loans from commercial banks and loans from housing provident funds in different places to purchase houses outside the administrative area of Beijing, the employees and their spouses who have paid in should have no record of purchasing houses in the administrative area of Beijing, and they can apply for withdrawal if they meet one of the following conditions: First, buy houses in the province where their ID cards and household registration books are located; Second, the depositor and his spouse have no house in Beijing, and buy houses in Tianjin and Hebei Province or houses where relatives are located (such as grandma’s house).

　　It should be noted that there is a big principle in both cases of purchasing houses outside the administrative area of Beijing — — Deposited employees and spouses should have no record of purchasing houses within the administrative area of Beijing.

　　Two kinds of application extraction methods

　　The first method: housing provident fund online business system application, counter settlement.

　　Log in to Beijing Housing Provident Fund Network, click "Personal Online Business Platform" on the right, enter "Personal Online Business Platform (Beijing Center)", click "Registered User Login" and log in with registered account and password. Employees who log in for the first time need to register as registered users. After logging in successfully, complete the extraction application according to the following steps.

　　Step 1: Select the extraction items and enter the extraction information.

　　The applicant clicks "I want to withdraw" on the left side of the page, and then clicks "Withdraw Application" in the "Withdraw Provident Fund" tab to enter the withdrawal application interface. Click "Use commercial bank loans and use off-site housing provident fund loans to purchase housing outside the administrative area of Beijing and apply for housing provident fund withdrawal" in the new event application list to enter the event application page, and the system will automatically display the basic information of users. After selecting "payee’s co-branded card bank", the system will automatically display the corresponding co-branded card number. Enter the loan contract number, location of the purchased house, date of loan, repayment period, loan amount and purchase amount.

　　Step 2: Personal authorization and commitment.

　　Applicants should carefully read and check the Personal Information Verification Authorization and Commitment Letter, and click the "Submit" button, and the system will display that the submission is successful.

　　Step 3: Submit the application and print the receipt.

　　The applicant clicks "Print Receipt" to print the business receipt of this application, and clicks "OK" to complete the application. Submit the printed application business receipt and relevant materials prompted by the system to the unit manager (with the original ID card) to any management department or the entrusted bank agency for on-site handling. If you need to inquire about the business handling institution, click "handling outlets".

　　The second way: through the housing provident fund business counter.

　　The unit manager must hold the original ID card and extract the materials provided by the applicant to any management department or entrusted bank agency of Beijing Housing Provident Fund Management Center. Extracting the materials provided by the applicant is: (1) extracting the original ID card of the applicant; (2) Original uniform invoice or deed tax payment certificate (second-hand house) for sales of real estate; (3) The original loan contract; (4) If the county and city where the house purchase address is located are inconsistent with the ID card, the original household registration book is also required; (5) Fill in the Application Form for Using Commercial Bank Loans and Using Off-site Provident Fund Loans to Purchase Houses Outside the Administrative Region of Beijing and Withdraw Housing Provident Fund (Table 107 of Housing Provident Fund). The counter staff returned all the materials on the spot after verification, retained the application form for housing provident fund and entered it into the system according to the contents filled in, and initiated a "personal credit inquiry" to the Credit Information Center of the People’s Bank of China. 2-3 working days after the feedback query results are consistent, for the applicant to extract; The staff with inconsistent results will inform the applicant or the unit manager by telephone.

　　renting a house

　　You can also withdraw the provident fund without a rental contract and invoice in Beijing.

　　According to the recent hot questions of hotline 12329 issued by Beijing Housing Provident Fund Center, if there is no self-owned house in the administrative area of Beijing, you can also apply for housing provident fund withdrawal without rental contract and invoice, and withdraw it once a month at the standard of 1,500 yuan, and you need to reapply after one year of withdrawal.

　　Two kinds of application extraction methods

　　The first way is to apply through the online business system of housing provident fund.

　　Log in to Beijing Housing Provident Fund Network, click "Personal Online Business Platform" on the right, enter "Personal Online Business Platform (Beijing Center)", click "Registered User Login", and log in with registered account and password. Employees who log in for the first time need to register as registered users. After logging in successfully, complete the extraction application according to the following steps.

　　Step 1: Select the extraction items and enter the extraction information.

　　The applicant clicks "I want to withdraw" on the left side of the page, and then clicks "Withdraw Application" on the "Withdraw Provident Fund" page to enter the withdrawal application interface. Click "Rent Application and Withdraw Housing Provident Fund" in the new event application list to enter the event application page, and the system will automatically display the basic information of the user. After selecting "Payee Joint Card Bank", the system will automatically display the corresponding bank card number. Select "No self-owned house (1,500 yuan per month)" in the "Rental Type" item.

　　Step 2: Personal authorization and commitment.

　　Applicants should carefully read and check the Personal Information Verification Authorization and Commitment Letter, and click the "Submit" button, and the system will display that the submission is successful.

　　Step 3: Submit the application and print the receipt.

　　The applicant clicks "Print Receipt" to print the business receipt of this application, and clicks "OK" to complete the application. Submit the printed application business receipt and relevant materials prompted by the system to the unit manager for on-site handling at any management department or entrusted bank agency.

　　The second way: through the housing provident fund business counter.

　　The unit manager must hold the original ID card and extract the materials provided by the applicant to any management department or entrusted bank agency of Beijing Housing Provident Fund Management Center.

　　Extracting the materials provided by the applicant is: (1) extracting the original ID card of the applicant; (2) Extract the "Application Form for Extracting Housing Provident Fund from Renting" that the applicant has filled out.

　　Text/reporter Zhu Kaiyun

Is the "Four-Party Alliance on Chip" established? What are the impacts on China?

"Four-party Chip Alliance" is an idea put forward by the United States in March this year. The United States hopes to set up a chip alliance composed of the United States, Japan, Taiwan, China and South Korea to realize a closed-loop chip production and exclude mainland enterprises. The idea of four-party alliance put forward by the United States has gathered four major countries and regions in the field of chip manufacturing in the world. Among them, the United States has long been in the leading position in the field of chips, while Japan and Taiwan, China also have their own advantages in parts and OEM, and South Korea also has unique advantages. If South Korea does not join, it is likely to be sanctioned by another three parties, and the domestic chip field will face a huge disaster.

The United States has long planned to set up a "chip quartet" to contain China.

This alliance can be regarded as version 2.0 of the Semiconductor Alliance of America (SIAC).

As early as May 11th, 20211, the American Semiconductor Alliance (SIAC) was officially announced.

This is a cross-industry alliance, which consists of semiconductor design and manufacturing enterprises and downstream customers who widely use semiconductors in products in important fields such as consumer and military.

At present, the alliance has 64 enterprise members, including Apple and AT&; T, Google and other technology giants also own chip design companies such as AMD, NVIDIA and Qualcomm, as well as chip manufacturers such as TSMC, Samsung, SKHynix and Infineon.

The Semiconductor Alliance of the United States does not accept Chinese mainland enterprises and has an obvious tendency of "excluding China".

However, it is still a business alliance in essence.

However, the "chip quartet" has obvious political color.

One of the most obvious signs is that this alliance is not divided by industry, but by country (region).

The so-called "quartet", that is, the United States, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, China, has completely rejected Chinese mainland.

Chip quartet

This alliance is surprising, including almost the main participants in the chip industry, and can be called "the strongest alliance in the history of semiconductors".

According to ICinsights’ chip market research report, in the list of the top ten semiconductor companies in 2021, the United States monopolized seven seats, South Korea occupied two seats, and Taiwan, China occupied one seat, all within the alliance.

The four-party alliance covers the fields of chip research and development, production, sales and technology update, and basically realizes the closed loop of chip production.

The United States hopes to take this opportunity to exclude China from the semiconductor industry chain, thus curbing China’s chip development.

In March this year, the United States put forward the idea of establishing a "chip quartet" and planned to hold a meeting in August.

The meeting will be held soon, but South Korea is unwilling to make a statement.

Why doesn’t Korea want to get involved in this matter?

First of all, South Korea has invested a lot of money in the field of chips in Chinese mainland.

Not to mention other companies, just look at the investment and production capacity of Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix.

In 2021, the vice president of Samsung said that the investment in China has reached 46 billion US dollars (about 310 billion yuan).

In February, 2022, Samsung invested another 101 billion yuan to expand the second phase factory of Xi flash memory and build a 12-inch 3Dv-nand production line.

In terms of production capacity, the production capacity of Samsung Electronics Xi factory accounts for 42% of Samsung’s total flash memory production capacity and 15% of the global production capacity.

Samsung electronics Xi factory

From the perspective of SK Hynix, it has been deeply involved in the China market for more than ten years, with an accumulated investment of more than 20 billion US dollars (about 134.8 billion yuan), and plans to invest 2,394 trillion won (about 12.2 billion yuan) in Wuxi factory in the next three years.

SkHynix produces DRAM chips in Wuxi, accounting for 47% of the company’s total output of DRAM chips.

To sum up, Samsung Electronics and South Korea Hynix have invested more than 550 billion yuan in China.

Investing in China is about making money.

In China, Samsung Electronics and Hynix really made a lot of money.

If South Korea joins the "four-chip alliance" led by the United States, it will have to worry about what to do with the invested funds.

Second, China is Korea’s largest trading partner.

In 2021, in addition to investing in chip production in China, South Korea also exported memory chips worth $69 billion to China, accounting for nearly half of the export volume.

As far as international trade is concerned, China is the largest trading partner of South Korea.

According to the data released by Yonhap News Agency recently, China has been Korea’s largest trading partner for 18 consecutive years, with an absolute advantage of 25% in exports to China, ranking first in Korean exports.

What is the working principle of the chip and why it is difficult to build;

Chip is an integrated circuit, which is composed of a large number of transistors. The circuit can be manufactured on the surface of semiconductor chip for operation and processing. The development and supply of the first and second generation semiconductor materials in China are restricted by people, and the third generation semiconductor is an important way to improve the performance of integrated circuits in the post-Moore era. The working principle of the chip is to make the circuit on the surface of the semiconductor chip for operation and processing.

The first step of the chip is design.

Just like building a building, you must have a design before building it, so that your house will be built stably and safely. On this premise, you can make the layout of the building on the first floor more reasonable, the utilization rate is higher, and more people live in it. Then the design drawing is more recognized, and the house you built will be better.

Why is it so difficult to make a chip?

Making a chip is as difficult as creating a city, even more difficult than creating a city!

A series of China enterprises, such as Huawei ZTE, were sanctioned by chips, China tightened its belt to make chips, and by 2022, the whole world began to make chips crazily. This silicon wafer, which is almost the size of a thumb, makes the whole world crazy. So why is the chip so difficult to make? What is its principle and manufacturing process? Let’s find out! Whether it is smart wearable devices (smart watch bracelets), digital microwave ovens or refrigerators, more common mobile phones and computers, Internet of Things devices, etc., you can see the chip.

What is the essence of the chip: the chip is also called integrated circuit IC (generally referred to as large-scale integrated circuit). Generally, it is mainly a large-scale circuit system composed of transistors (semiconductor devices, diode triodes or various subdivided gate-level components). Now, the transistors in the mainstream mobile phone computer chips have reached tens of billions, and some even rose to hundreds of billions. So how can such a large-scale transistor circuit be placed on an area the size of a fingernail?

The primary product of the chip: wafer

The chip is mainly burned or placed on the wafer, and finally cut, and so on. We can look like a CD, place or carve something on each unit area of the CD, and finally cut it in unit area.

So what is a round chip?

Polysilicon is dissolved and doped with silicon crystals, and then it is precipitated by various technologies to form cylindrical monocrystalline silicon. Then the silicon crystal is grinded, polished and sliced to form a flaky product of the silicon wafer, that is, the wafer.

(General process from wafer fabrication to chip production)

Mask aligner-the mother embryo of the chip.

What is the principle of mask aligner? Mask aligner’s principle of preliminary treatment of round crystal is similar to that of general circuit board manufacturing, and a protective film on the wafer surface is removed by using a designed template. Then, the wafer is soaked in the designed etching solution, and the part that lost the protective film is etched away to form the circuit we need. Then the impurities remaining on the wafer surface are washed with pure water. Among them, the exposure machine is a device that uses ultraviolet rays to remove the protective film on the wafer surface through the template. Then in the end, we can think of mask aligner as how to map the design drawings on a circular wafer with a unit area. It can be seen how complicated and delicate the manufacturing process is.

photoetching machine

What are the commercial chip manufacturing companies at present?

The most famous is TSMC in Taiwan, China: a manufacturer of integrated circuits and wafers, and most of a series of technology companies like Apple, Huawei and Qualcomm are actually manufacturing in TSMC.

South Korea’s Samsung Company: Samsung also has its own foundry, and its own chips, including those of other companies, can be produced in Samsung. However, some people in the industry think that there are still some gaps in the production process between Samsung and TSMC, so TSMC accounts for a larger proportion.

Samsung Semiconductor and TSMC

However, no matter how great the international scientific and technological situation changes, Chinese can always find a way to deal with it. It is believed that the country will occupy an important position in the cutting-edge chip in the near future with strong basic science and scientific research strength.

In fact, from the process of wafer production, we can see that it is very difficult to make chips, and the process and technology of wafer production cover a series of disciplines such as materials science, optics, crystallography, process flow, automation and so on, which shows that it is very difficult. In fact, wafer fabrication is not the most difficult in the whole process of the chip! Chip architecture design: since the chip is compared to building a city, then the wafer just bulldozes the land. How to plan and create a city is the most difficult!

The Soul of Chip-Chip Architecture Chips are not all the same. Different architectures (design drawings) have different types of chips, just like the selection of cities, whether inland cities or coastal cities. These cities are divided into transportation hub cities or port cities, etc. Different chip architectures have different chip design requirements and manufacturing processes. At present, the mainstream chip architecture is arm architecture and Intel’s X architecture. ARM is mainly used in embedded systems (including mobile phones, embedded computers, Internet of Things devices, etc., Huawei Kirin processors, and Apple A and M series chips all belong to ARM architecture). Intel chips are mainly desktop processors, which are mainly produced for various computers, but also some embedded chips and other types of chips. To sum up, the chip architecture is very important, and the knowledge involved in designing the chip architecture is also very much: mathematics (especially the mathematical analysis of matrix theory, applied mathematical model-operational research, etc.), not to mention physics (circuit analysis-analog circuit digital circuit, automatic chemistry, heating modeling of nonlinear system, etc.), computer science (studying its clock frequency, pulse signal, instruction set and other issues) and so on. So how do you put the chip architecture on the wafer? This is the core problem of chip making, just like how to build the city on the drawing!