According to foreign media reports, NASA said that five asteroids will pass by the earth in the future, and one of them may be very close to the earth. It is reported that the smallest diameter of these asteroids is only 8 meters and the largest is 90 meters, and lular distance from the Earth will be as short as five distance to the moon.

A distance to the moon refers to the distance between the earth and the moon, which is about 238,900 miles (384,000 kilometers). It sounds like a long distance, but it is a very close distance in the vast space, and they will pass by the edge of the earth. Fortunately, the closest asteroid to the earth this time is smaller in diameter and will not pose too much threat to the earth.

Where are the asteroids?

Asteroids are celestial bodies in the solar system that move around the sun like planets, but are much smaller in size and mass than planets. Most of them are influenced by the gravitational force of the sun and Jupiter, and they gather in the asteroid-intensive area between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. According to the statistics of 120,437 asteroids that have been numbered, this hotbed of asteroid "life" is composed of more than 500,000 asteroids. So many of them are called "main belt" and many people are used to calling it "asteroid belt".

The so-called "near-earth asteroids" can be understood very well just by looking at the literal meaning. "Near-earth" means that their orbits are very close to the earth, and they are a special group that deviates from the main belt.

Dangerous asteroid

According to analysis, only asteroids with a diameter of more than 140 meters and a minimum distance from the Earth of less than 0.05 astronomical unit (about 7.4 million kilometers) will be included in the list of dangerous asteroids.

According to the latest release of the website of the International Asteroid Center, researchers have discovered 1,640 "potentially threatening near-Earth asteroids" through global joint survey.

History of asteroid impact on the earth

As early as 65 million years ago, dinosaurs, a large animal that dominated the earth for 150 million years, suddenly disappeared. Astronomers speculate that there are two possible reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs: first, the explosion of supernovae, which is equivalent to about 10.24 hydrogen bombs, led to the extinction of dinosaurs; The second is asteroid impact. In 1978, American astronomer Luis Alvarez speculated that an asteroid hit Iceland, and this impact was equivalent to the energy of 1 trillion tons of TNT. Such a violent impact led to the disappearance of dinosaurs.

In addition, on June 30, 1908, a huge flash of light lit up the sky in the Tunguska River Basin in Shiquan, krasnoyarskiy kray, Siberia, followed by a violent explosion equivalent to 1,000 atomic bombs. A mushroom-like cloud of smoke soared 12 miles into the sky, and the scorching air billow swept the vast Taiga forest one after another, and hundreds of square kilometers of forest were destroyed in the explosion. This famous explosion was the Tunguska Big Bang.

In addition, according to the latest research report of geoscientists from the Australian National University (ANU), at least three asteroids with a diameter of 20-50 kilometers collided with the earth 3.2 billion years ago, which greatly changed the structure and elemental composition of the earth’s surface.

In recent years, scientists predict that an asteroid named Apophis will pass by the Earth in 2029 and hit the Earth in 2036. If it hits the earth, it will generate energy equivalent to the explosion of 110,000 atomic bombs, which is equivalent to the instantaneous destruction of the whole city of new york and its surrounding areas. If it hits the ocean, it will cause a devastating tsunami, which is more violent than the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.

Apophis is one of nearly 800 potentially threatening asteroids known to astronomers.

Prevent collision and defend the earth

In order to cope with this possible impact, some people put forward a plan to destroy asteroids with nuclear weapons. However, all the accumulated nuclear weapons on the earth are only enough to blow up an asteroid with a diameter of 9 kilometers, and they have to hit the center accurately. In addition, the consequences of a nuclear explosion in the universe are unpredictable.

Therefore, people are also considering other plans to deal with asteroids, such as using lasers or lead ingots. NASA is going to lure Apophis away with a "gravity trailer" when it flies to the Earth in 2029. When the asteroid passes near the Earth in 2029, it only needs to launch a "gravity trailer" spacecraft weighing about 1 ton, which can change the orbit of this asteroid. According to astronomers’ calculations, Apophis will slightly change its orbit when it flies over the earth this time, but when it returns again in 2036, the possibility of colliding with the earth is very small, only 1 in 5,000.

Although the speculation about the extinction of dinosaurs makes the prediction of the impact of asteroids on the earth scary, with the development of science and technology, from not knowing what asteroids are to accurately understanding and then boldly predicting, the progress of civilization makes us believe in the power of science, and there must always be a perfect way to deal with this "uninvited guest".

The pictures and texts are produced by Popular Science China, and are authorized to be published in the column "Learning Science with Xiaobian" of CCTV. Please indicate the source for reprinting.

Produced by: Tianjin science and technology hall Xu Wen, Beijing Normal University Zhang Tongjie.

Producer: computer network information center

Just now, the AI giant (NVIDIA) has set a new record.

At 1 am on June 19th, Beijing time,The share price of NVIDIA (NVIDIA, NASDAQ: NVDA), the world’s largest AI computing power provider and AI chip giant, rose by 3.5% in intraday trading, and its market value reached 3.337(3.34) trillion US dollars, surpassing and becoming the company with the highest market value in the world.

This milestone marks NVIDIA’s outstanding achievements in technological innovation and market expansion, and the importance of the AI era to Wall Street.

3.34 trillion US dollars, equivalent to the sixth largest economy in the world — — Britain’s GDP in 2023 is also the market value of 12 Maotai (1.94 trillion yuan), 25 AMD and 12 AMD, even 8.76 times that of Intel +AMD combined.

So far, NVIDIA has not only become the world’s first chip company with a market value exceeding $3 trillion, the world’s first company with a market value of $3 trillion founded by Chinese, the seventh American company with a market value exceeding $1 trillion and the third one exceeding $3 trillion, but also become the world’s largest AI technology company with the fastest growth of $3 trillion in technology stocks, making history.

It is reported that,NVIDIA, founded in 1993, is an important innovator in the field of computer graphics and AI technology, and invented GPU graphics computing (accelerated computing) in 1999, which greatly promoted the development of PC game market, redefined computer graphics technology, and initiated a new era of modern AI accelerated computing. In recent years, it has caught up with the meta-universe, cryptocurrency and artificial intelligence, and finally almost unified the AI computing chip market.

Now,NVIDIA has grown into a full-stack computing company, dedicated to developing CPU, GPU, DPU and AI software, providing accelerated computing solutions for data centers, autonomous driving, metauniverse and other fields. At present, in the field of GPU or accelerated computing, NVIDIA has a global market share of over 90%.

In the past, NVIDIA’s share price has recorded a cumulative increase of 10 times, despite the fact that its share price was "halved" twice due to the low tide of encryption digital currency, the "headwind" of macro economy in 2022, the sharp drop in consumer electronics market demand and the downturn of semiconductor industry.

Since November 2022.OpenAI company released AI ChatGPT, which quickly swept the world, and set off a competition and upsurge around AI big model.

As the "overlord" of AI’s bottom computing power, NVIDIA is one of the biggest beneficiaries of this upsurge, and its GPU products have few substitutes in large-scale model training. As the AI "arms race" between companies such as Microsoft and Google heats up, NVIDIA’s A100 and H100 chips have become "hard currency" for large-scale model training.

In March this year, Huang Renxun, founder and CEO of NVIDIA, said that NVIDIA AI supercomputer DGX was the engine behind the big model, and he personally handed over the world’s first DGX to OpenAI. Since then, this product has been installed in half of more than 100 head enterprises around the world.

According to UBS analysts’ estimates,About 10,000 NVIDIA GPUs are needed to develop ChatGPT.

At the same time,NVIDIA’s share price also began to recover continuously due to the AI craze, rebounding from the low of around $112 in October 2022 to the current level of over $400. The AI craze is also stimulating investors’ longing for NVIDIA, and the first-quarter financial report of NVIDIA released this month has pushed up the share price.

On May 22 this year, NVIDIA released the second quarter revenue forecast that exceeded market expectations, and announced a stock splits plan-each share will be split into 10 shares. This series of positive news has greatly enhanced investors’ confidence in this leading enterprise in the field of artificial intelligence and encouraged them to continue investing. Since the beginning of the year, NVIDIA’s share price has risen by more than 170%, and in 2023, it led the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index with an increase of 238.9%.

The growth rate of NVIDIA’s market value is amazing.

Looking back on the scene a year ago, the company’s market value is far from reaching the threshold of $1 trillion, ranking behind the technology giants such as Google’s parent company Alphabet, Amazon, Apple and Microsoft. In the ranking of giants in the technology industry, NVIDIA’s market value is only slightly higher than Meta and.

However, fast forward to June 13, 2023, the market value of NVIDIA crossed the important threshold of $1 trillion in one fell swoop; On February 23, 2024, the company’s market value broke through the $2 trillion mark at an alarming rate, setting a record for the fastest growth from $1 trillion to $2 trillion.

On June 5th this year, NVIDIA’s market value leapt again, breaking through the $3 trillion mark. It took less than four months to leap from 2 trillion to 3 trillion.

Earlier this month, the market value of NVIDIA surpassed that of Apple for the first time since 2002, and the rankings of the two companies have risen alternately in recent days. Last week, Apple once surpassed Microsoft to take the top spot.

As of Monday’s close, NVIDIA’s share price has risen by more than 160% since 2024, and its market value has increased by more than 2 trillion US dollars.

At present, the market value of three companies in the United States has exceeded $3 trillion, namely NVIDIA, Microsoft and Apple. The combined market value of the above three companies is nearly 10 trillion US dollars.

The growth of NVIDIA means that AI is the focus of many investors.

Daniel Ives, an analyst at Wedbush Securities, wrote in a report: "We believe that in the coming year, NVIDIA, Apple and Microsoft will become the focus of competition for the $4 trillion market value of the technology industry."

Huang Renxun, an investor and CEO of NVIDIA, believes that NVIDIA is not only a chip manufacturer, but also a key company in the field of AI infrastructure. Last year, the sales of AI chips in NVIDIA increased by more than 125%.

Michael Lippert, vice president and portfolio manager of Baron Capital Inc, pointed out that "they sell not only chips, but also systems", and pointed out the company’s proprietary software and development ecosystem.

Ives said: "With the smooth progress of the fourth industrial revolution, more and more enterprises and consumers have quickly embarked on this road. NVIDIA’s GPU chips are essentially new gold or oil in the field of science and technology."

Rosenblat Securities analyst Hans Mosesmann even raised NVIDIA’s target price from $140 to the highest price on Wall Street of $200 on Tuesday.Thereby pushing its market value to nearly $5 trillion in the next year.. Moseman stressed: "We expect that the software business will grow significantly in the next decade in terms of the overall sales portfolio, and the valuation of NVIDIA will show an upward trend due to sustainability."

Not only NVIDIA, but also Huang Renxun’s personal wealth has increased dramatically with the soaring stock price.

According to Bloomberg’s real-time ranking of global billionaires, as of June 18th, Huang Renxun ranked 12th in the list, with a total net worth of $115 billion.It surpassed Zhong Shanshan, founder of Nongfu Spring (US$ 60.3 billion, ranking 23rd), Huang Zheng, founder of Nongfu Spring (US$ 52.3 billion, 26th), Ma Huateng (US$ 43.9 billion, 28th), Zhang Yiming, CEO of ByteDance (US$ 42.2 billion, 31st) and Ma Yun (US$ 31.9 billion, 51st), second only to Warren Buffett (1355).

According to documents disclosed by NVIDIA, Huang Renxun, CEO of NVIDIA, sold 240,000 shares on June 13th and 14th at a price ranging from $127 to $133, and Huang Renxun is expected to sell 120,000 shares of the company on Monday. Based on the comprehensive calculation, Huang Renxun sold more than $32 million in cash.

According to the data compiled by Washington Service, excluding the impact of the 10-share split on June 10th, in the first half of this year, NVIDIA executives and directors, including Huang Renxun, have sold more than 700 million US dollars, the highest number of shares sold in six months since the first half of 2023.

(This article first appeared in Titanium Media App, author | Lin Zhijia, editor | Hu Runfeng)

On further improving China’s mineral resources guarantee abilitySuggestions on supporting high-quality development

Sun Fengyue

【Jilin NLD WeChat WeChat official accountMineral resources are an important material basis for human survival and an important guarantee for national resource and energy security and economic and social development. Since the founding of New China, the CPC Central Committee has attached great importance to the exploration, development and utilization of mineral resources. Several generations of leaders have written inscriptions and given important instructions on mining development, which greatly promoted the healthy development of China’s mining industry and made outstanding contributions to the country’s economic and social construction. In 2006, the State Council promulgated the "Decision on Strengthening Geological Work" (Guo Fa 2006 (No.4)). In 2011, the General Office of the State Council forwarded the "Strategic Action Plan for Prospecting Breakthrough (2011-2020)" (Guo Ban Fa 2011 (No.57)) to four ministries and commissions, including the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance. Major breakthroughs and achievements have been made in the exploration of important minerals, green exploration and the improvement of scientific and technological innovation ability in the field of geology and minerals, which has made important contributions to China’s economic and social construction. However, due to China’s huge population base, the per capita possession of important mineral resources in China is still significantly lower than the world average. The rapid development of China’s industrialization and urbanization, especially China’s industrial production ranked first in the world for 11 consecutive years, the demand for important mineral resources showed an obvious rigid upward trend, the domestic supply guarantee capacity was insufficient, and the dependence on foreign countries continued to rise. The dependence on foreign countries of more than 10 important minerals exceeded 50%. At present, the guarantee of mineral resources is still a major strategic issue facing China’s high-quality development in the new period.Under the guidance of the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, the implementation of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and high-quality development put forward new and higher requirements for the improvement of China’s mineral resources security capacity. In order to further ensure China’s resource and energy security and promote sustainable and healthy economic and social development, the following specific suggestions are put forward:

1. Vigorously carry out green exploration, deep exploration and sea resource exploration of mineral resources.

The scientific assertion of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" put forward by the Supreme Leader General Secretary has led China into a new era of green development. In order to solve the resource bottleneck and environmental problems in mineral exploration, green exploration has become an important path for mining development. At present, it is urgent to speed up the formulation of industry and national standards for green exploration on the basis of the group standard of Green Exploration Guide issued by China Mining Association in 2018, so as to guide and standardize mineral exploration, development and utilization activities in China under the new situation.

Deep mineral resources have great potential. Increasing the depth of exploration and carrying out deep exploration, especially in some old mines, can obtain new important resources without expanding the scope of surface influence, so as to solve the resource bottleneck problem and effectively alleviate the ecological environment pressure brought by related activities.

With the implementation of the national marine strategy, in order to continuously expand the development space of marine economy, the exploration and evaluation of mineral resources in the sea area is becoming more and more important, and should be planned as soon as possible. We must adhere to the idea of seeking development with green and constantly seeking resources from deep and sea areas.

2. Make good use of two resources and two markets in the field of mineral resources.

In his speech at the opening ceremony of the China International Mining Conference in Tianjin in 2010, Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that we should make full use of both domestic and foreign markets and resources, and constantly enhance the energy resources guarantee capacity for economic and social development.

In the face of economic globalization, adhering to China’s opening-up strategy, making full use of the implementation of the "Belt and Road" strategy, relying on foreign resources and foreign markets, and actively carrying out international cooperation are still important ways for China to effectively enhance its resource support capacity and increase its mineral resources reserves, and will remain a strategy that we should adhere to for a long time.

In view of the complicated and changeable international environment, it is also of great practical significance to further find out the property of China’s mineral resources and improve the guarantee ability based on the domestic situation. Mineral resources have the basic and leading characteristics in national development, so it is necessary for us to take precautions and make plans early in the construction of mineral resources security system. The metallogenic conditions in China are good, and many minerals still have great prospecting prospects, especially in the deeper exploration depth than before. It is suggested that, on the basis of the successful implementation of the last round of strategic action for prospecting breakthrough, based on the new situation, new characteristics, new goals and new tasks, and guided by the new development concept, a new round of strategic action plan for prospecting breakthrough in China should be planned and implemented as soon as possible.

3. Continue to advocate resource conservation and efficient use of resources.

In essence, green development requires a sustainable development path of resource saving and environmental friendliness. As a non-renewable resource, advocating resource conservation and efficient utilization of mineral resources is an important measure to enhance China’s mineral resources support capacity and improve the ecological environment. During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, the state strongly emphasized the strengthening of pollution prevention and control, and comprehensively improved the efficiency of resource and energy utilization. In 2016, the former Ministry of Land and Resources issued the Opinions on Promoting the Comprehensive Conservation and Efficient Utilization of Domestic Resources, which played a positive role in promoting the conservation and efficient utilization of mineral resources. It is suggested that relevant policies and regulations should be further promulgated and improved in the future, which will play an important role in improving China’s mineral resources support capacity and achieving high-quality development during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

4. Make overall planning and focus on building several important mineral resources connecting bases in the country.

According to the characteristics of resource endowment, combined with physical geography and economic and social conditions, guided by the concept of green development, we will make overall plans, build several national-level important mineral resources connecting bases in batches in a planned, focused way, and promote China’s regional economic development while improving the national mineral resources guarantee capacity.

For example, Jilin oil shale-oil sand-shale oil can be used as a connecting base of China’s energy resources. Jilin Province is blessed with oil shale, shale oil and oil sand resources. The latest evaluation shows that the oil shale resources are 247.8 billion tons, ranking first in the country. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, relevant departments have achieved breakthroughs in shale gas and shale oil. The shale oil geological resources of Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin can reach 7.5 billion tons, and the shale gas geological resources of Shahezi Formation in Lishu fault depression exceed 500 billion cubic meters. Turn resource advantages into development advantages, develop new formats, and vigorously promote the implementation of the revitalization strategy of the old industrial base in Northeast China.

5. Deepen the reform and improve the enthusiasm of all kinds of capital to invest in the mining field.

Further innovate the system and mechanism, improve policies and regulations, give full play to the enthusiasm of the central, local and enterprises, and better attract and encourage social capital to invest in mineral resources exploration and development.

6. Further strengthen scientific and technological innovation and build a new industry talent team.

　　CCTV News:On April 29th, the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council held a press conference, and asked the medical team of Beijing Hospital to tell the story of personal experience and fighting the epidemic together with the medical staff and heroic people in Hubei, and to answer questions from the media.

　　The reporter asked: The Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing Hospital is a national key clinical specialty. What experience does it have in the field of traditional Chinese medicine in the process of aiding Hubei?

　　Xi Huan, executive vice president of Beijing Hospital, said that when Beijing Hospital set up a medical team, especially when it set up the second batch of medical teams on February 6, it had already considered some multidisciplinary organizational systems, including the selection of medical personnel from Chinese medicine departments.

　　On the front line of Wuhan, the director of Chinese medicine department of Beijing Hospital insisted on going deep into the ward every day to understand the changes of the condition. After the active efforts of Beijing Hospital and the cooperation and support of Tongji Sino-French New Town Campus, the medical team of Beijing Hospital’s aid to Hubei can carry out prescription treatment by using the method of Chinese medicine-free decoction granules.

　　The decoction pieces of traditional Chinese medicine need to be decocted. After it is granulated, it can be easily combined into a prescription, which is convenient for oral administration. In this way, Chinese medicine experts can truly achieve the treatment based on syndrome differentiation according to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine and the condition of each person. Different methods such as invigorating the spleen, clearing away lung heat, removing dampness and eliminating phlegm are used for different people.

　　In the process of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, the medical team of Beijing Hospital’s aid to Hubei not only used the mature Chinese patent medicines and prescriptions that everyone has recognized, but also adopted the method of dialectical treatment for each patient.

　　In addition, according to the statistics of the hospital’s information system every day, the utilization rate of traditional Chinese medicine among patients in the wards under management has reached more than 95%. Except for a few critically ill patients or those who have been treated with invasive ventilators, it may not be suitable to use traditional Chinese medicine, especially the method of prescription decoction, all patients who can use it have been treated with traditional Chinese medicine. In the process of treatment, the method of traditional Chinese medicine has played a very good role in treating the overall condition and improving the cure rate.

　　From the perspective of western medicine, in view of the lack of specific drugs in Covid-19, all the patients with pneumonia in Covid-19 treated by the Hubei Medical Team of Beijing Hospital adopt a comprehensive treatment method, and western medicine is also a comprehensive treatment method. In the comprehensive treatment, Chinese medicine has played its due role.

　　Camellia oleifera fruit picker invented by Li Lijun team of Central South Forestry University. Photo courtesy of Zhongnan Forest

　　Changsha, December 25th (Reporter Xu Zhixiong correspondent Zou Min Zhou Ying) "Our invention has been recognized as reaching the international advanced level." On 25th, Li Lijun, Dean of School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, proudly said that this newly-developed machine can match the working efficiency of 30 laborers in the past.

　　Tea oil is as famous as olive oil, and is also called "the king of oil", which has unique nutritional value. At the same time, tea oil is also a unique oil species in China, with a history of cultivation and utilization of more than 2,300 years. However, for a long time, because Camellia oleifera grows in the mountains, tea seeds need to be picked completely by hand. "It is difficult to hire people and the labor cost is high" has become a bottleneck that seriously restricts the development of the tea oil industry, and it also directly leads to the continuous rise of tea oil prices, which makes ordinary people discouraged.

　　Camellia oleifera fruit picker being tested. Photo courtesy of Zhongnan Forest

　　Therefore, as early as 2009, the scientific research team of Central South University of Forestry and Science headed by Li Lijun began to study the replacement of manual picking of tea seeds with machines. In the past ten years, they have traveled all over the main tea-oil producing areas in Hunan, fully investigated the planting and picking characteristics of tea-oil trees, and constantly tackled technical problems and improved the prototype of tea-oil tree fruit picker.

　　In view of the characteristics of Camellia oleifera forest, such as complex terrain, random tree shape and synchronous flowers and fruits, Li Lijun team listed four kinds of Camellia oleifera fruit picking methods, made nine rounds of prototypes, broke through seven key technologies, and made a lot of prototype tests, and finally the shaped Camellia oleifera fruit picker came out.

　　"This machine not only has a smart ‘ Picker ’ It can be used for various tree-shaped operations and can walk freely in complex environments such as steep slopes. " Li Lijun said that the most important thing is that it can accurately match the energy, so as to achieve only picking the fruits without damaging the flowers or affecting the yield of tea seeds.

　　Li Lijun said that at the just-concluded evaluation meeting of "Research on Key Techniques and Equipment of Camellia oleifera Fruit Picking" held by Hunan Forestry Society, the Camellia oleifera Fruit Picker of Central South Forestry University was recognized as having solved the problems of efficient picking of Camellia oleifera fruit and less flower loss, and the technology realized independent innovation, the equipment was reliable and practical, and the research results reached the international advanced level. "We plan to use one to two years to promote the beautification, multifunction, intelligence and serialization of Camellia oleifera fruit pickers, and realize mass production to benefit the majority of forest farmers." (End)

Entering 2023, tariffs have ushered in new adjustments-

From January 1st, a provisional import tariff rate lower than the MFN tariff rate will be applied to 1020 commodities; From January 2nd, the tariff rate of RCEP will be applied to some commodities originating in Indonesia. From July 1st, the eighth step will be implemented to reduce the MFN tariff rate of 62 information technology products …

In this tariff adjustment schedule, "down" has become the key word. Experts pointed out that in recent years, China has successively lowered import tariffs on related commodities, boosting global good goods to enter the China market, which not only meets the domestic consumption upgrading and enterprise production needs, but also provides countries with broader market opportunities and shares the China opening bonus.

China’s overall tariff level will drop to 7.3%.

■ Since January 1, 2023, China has imposed a provisional import tariff rate lower than the MFN tariff rate on 1,020 commodities. This number has increased by 66 items compared with the previous year, maintaining growth for four consecutive years.

■ On January 2nd, RCEP came into effect for Indonesia. So far, the world’s largest free trade agreement has come into effect for 14 of its 15 signatory members. Since January 2nd, China has implemented the agreed tariff rate applicable to RCEP ASEAN member countries in 2023 for some imported goods originating in Indonesia.

■ In 2023, China will reduce the import tariffs on homogenized mixed food, frozen blue cod, cashew nuts and other small household appliances such as coffee machines, juicers and hair dryers. Among them, the tax rate of homogenized mixed food, frozen blue cod and other commodities decreased by not less than 50%.

■ From July 1, 2023, China will also implement the eighth step of reducing the MFN tariff rate for 62 information technology products. After adjustment, the total tariff level of China will be reduced from 7.4% to 7.3%.

Further tax reduction in accordance with the FTA and RCEP

At the beginning of the new year, RCEP has made new progress: it came into effect for Indonesia on January 2. So far, the world’s largest free trade agreement has come into effect for 14 of its 15 signatory members.

China is Indonesia’s largest trading partner and the largest export market. After the entry into force of RCEP, the new measures of commodity tariff reduction and exemption introduced by China are a major attraction. The State Council Customs Tariff Commission recently released the tariff adjustment plan for 2023. According to the relevant provisions of RCEP and the entry into force of the agreement for Indonesia, the agreed tariff rate applicable to RCEP ASEAN member countries in 2023 will be implemented for some imported goods originating in Indonesia from January 2. Specifically, on the basis of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement, China will reduce taxes on Indonesian-made pineapple juice and canned food, coconut juice, pepper, diesel oil, paper products, some chemicals and auto parts, among which 67.9% products originating from Indonesia will be subject to immediate zero tariffs from January 2.

"The higher level of openness advocated and led by China is urgently needed by developing economies including Indonesia." Nina Dai, Consul General of Indonesia in Shanghai, said that the China International Import Expo(CIIE) held in China enhanced the recognition and reputation of Indonesian brands in China. In 2021, the bilateral trade volume between the two countries increased by about 56%, of which Indonesian exports increased by nearly 70%. The entry into force of RCEP for Indonesia will continue to promote the deepening of economic, trade and investment relations between Indonesia and China, and further strengthen the existing cooperation.

At present, RCEP has entered the second year of effective implementation. Over the past year or so, China has implemented RCEP with high quality, fully implemented market opening commitments and agreement obligations, continuously promoted tariff reduction and exemption, and promoted trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, which has injected new impetus into the economic and trade development in the Asia-Pacific region and the world.

While reducing or exempting tariffs for newly effective members this year, the State Council Customs Tariff Commission clearly stated that it will further reduce tariffs in accordance with China’s free trade agreements with New Zealand, South Korea, Australia and Cambodia and RCEP.

"With the in-depth implementation of RCEP, New Zealand enterprises are facing more favorable tariffs and more convenient trade measures. The improvement of the business environment has enabled the company’s sales in China to grow rapidly, and it has also enabled China consumers to obtain quality products quickly." Roy Vandenke, general manager of R&D of New Zealand company Newland, said that China’s huge market provides opportunities for international companies like Newland and will also promote the recovery of the world economy. It is foreseeable that RCEP’s inclusive development dividend will make the development of the Asia-Pacific region more prosperous.

Gu Qingyang, an associate professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore, believes that tariff reduction has greatly reduced the trade costs among member countries, made trade activities more active and effectively promoted economic growth, which is a tangible benefit brought by RCEP through trade channels. "China plays an important role in RCEP and is also the main export destination of other RCEP member countries. The stronger economic growth of China in the future will provide RCEP with a broader development space. "

Reduce tariffs on many medical products and consumer goods.

The new round of tariff adjustment involves not only the agreed tariff rate, but also many new changes in MFN tariff rate and provisional tariff rate. According to insiders, the most-favored-nation tax rate is the tax rate applicable to imported goods from most countries in China. Provisional tariff rate refers to the tariff rate for some imported and exported goods within a certain period. The provisional tariff rate is generally lower than the MFN tariff rate, which is a common way to adjust tariffs independently.

According to the tariff adjustment plan for 2023, from January 1st, China implemented a provisional import tariff rate lower than the MFN tariff rate for 1,020 commodities. This number has increased by 66 items compared with the previous year, maintaining growth for four consecutive years.

Sorting out the adjusted catalogue, the reporter found that there are many medical products, such as zero tariffs on some raw materials for anticancer drugs, anti-novel coronavirus drugs and drugs for relieving cancer pain, and reducing import tariffs on medical supplies such as dentures, raw materials for vascular stents and contrast agents.

Zhang Jianping, deputy director of the Academic Committee of the Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, analyzed that in the tariff adjustment in recent years, medicine has always been the key area of tax reduction, including zero tariffs on the first and second batches of anticancer drugs and raw materials for rare diseases, and reducing import tariffs on medical products such as artificial heart valves, hearing AIDS, intracranial embolic stents and artificial joints. These measures are helpful to further protect people’s health and reduce the economic burden of patients.

Consumer goods for daily use is another focus of this tariff adjustment. According to the published provisional tax rate table for imported goods, in 2023, the import tariffs on homogenized mixed food, frozen blue cod, cashew nuts and other small household appliances such as coffee machines, juicers and hair dryers will be reduced. Among them, the tax rate of homogenized mixed food, frozen blue cod and other commodities decreased by not less than 50%.

Zhang Jianping believes that at present, China’s consumer demand continues to grow, and the consumption structure is accelerating to upgrade, and the demand for foreign consumer goods with distinctive advantages is heating up. This tax reduction is conducive to conforming to the trend of consumption upgrading and meeting the new consumption demand of residents with high-quality supply; At the same time, it will help imported products compete with domestic products, guide the transformation and upgrading of the supply system, keep up with changes in consumer demand, and achieve a dynamic balance between supply and demand at a higher level.

In addition to medical products and consumer goods, this adjustment also highlights two aspects: first, zero tariffs will be imposed on potash fertilizer and unwrought cobalt, and import tariffs on some commodities such as wood and paper products and boric acid will be reduced; The second is to reduce import tariffs on lithium niobate, electronic ink screens, iridium oxide for fuel cells, roller bearings for wind turbines and other commodities. Experts said that reducing import tariffs on these goods will not only help strengthen the supply capacity of resources, but also promote the innovation and development of advanced manufacturing industries and accelerate industrial transformation and upgrading.

China’s overall tariff level will drop to 7.3%.

Frequent measures to reduce taxes have pushed the overall tariff level in China down continuously. According to the announcement issued by the State Council Customs Tariff Commission, starting from July 1, 2023, China will also implement the eighth step of MFN tariff reduction for 62 information technology products. After adjustment, the total tariff level of China will be reduced from 7.4% to 7.3%.

In December 2015, 24 WTO members, including China, the United States, Europe, Japan and South Korea, reached an agreement on expanding the product range of the Information Technology Agreement, and gradually abolished the import tariffs on 201 information technology expanded products according to the most-favoured-nation treatment principle. These products mainly include information and communication products, semiconductors and their production equipment, audio-visual products, medical devices, instruments and meters, etc. The annual global trade volume exceeds 1 trillion US dollars. In 2016, China implemented tax reduction for the products expanded by the Information Technology Agreement for the first time, and has implemented seven-step tax reduction so far.

According to the analysis of insiders, the gradual tax reduction according to the agreement will help reduce the import cost of related components and equipment, better meet the production needs of enterprises, promote the domestic related industries and economies to move towards high-quality development, and will also effectively promote global trade and high-tech development.

The general tariff level is one of the important indicators of a country’s openness in the field of goods trade. The data show that since China joined the WTO for more than 20 years, it has fully fulfilled its WTO commitments and continuously opened its market. The total tariff level has dropped from 15.3% to 7.4% in 2022, which is lower than the WTO commitment of 9.8%.

"Since 2018, China has introduced a series of measures such as implementing zero tariffs on imported anticancer drugs and encouraging the import of innovative drugs. In the following years, a number of innovative drugs of Bayer prescription drugs were approved for listing in China." Steve, chief financial officer of Bayer China, said, "We recognize and attach great importance to China’s opening to the outside world, and we have seen a very favorable business environment in China, which makes us more confident in the future."

Chiwharton, a Swiss flavor and fragrance company, is also one of the beneficiaries of China’s tariff reduction. "The reduction of tariffs has brought significant benefits to enterprises and enhanced our confidence in development." Wu Chongqing, the operation director of Chihuaton China, said that in 2022, China reduced the import tax rate of peppermint oil and orange oil, and the import cost of the company’s two main production raw materials decreased, saving tens of millions of yuan in taxes every year. "This not only eased the cost pressure caused by the rising price of raw materials, but also enabled the company to bring more cost-effective products to downstream customers and consumers, making our China factory more advantageous."

Zhang Jianping said that in recent years, China has taken the initiative to reduce the overall tariff level and introduced a series of new measures to reduce tariffs independently, which has made the world see that China is opening wider and wider, and also made China’s development better benefit the world and promoted all countries to share the big market opportunities in China. (Reporter Qiu Haifeng)

　　Beijing, August 15th (Reporter Li Jinlei) The RMB is becoming more and more international!

　　The fifth largest international payment currency, the fifth largest international reserve currency, the third largest trade financing currency and the eighth largest foreign exchange transaction currency … … This is the RMB!

　　From WeChat official account, the central bank.

　　The fifth largest international payment currency

　　On August 14th, the central bank released the Report on RMB Internationalization in 2020, and RMB internationalization reached a new level in 2019. According to the latest statistics, RMB ranks fifth among the major international payment currencies, with a market share of 1.76%.

　　According to the report, the cross-border use of RMB increased rapidly against the trend in 2019. The total amount of cross-border payment and receipt of RMB by banks on behalf of customers in the whole year was 19.67 trillion yuan, up 24.1% year-on-year. On the basis of the rapid growth in 2018, the amount of payment and receipt continued to maintain rapid growth, reaching a record high.

　　The fifth largest international reserve currency

　　According to the official currency composition (COFER) data of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), by the end of the fourth quarter of 2019, the scale of RMB reserves reached US$ 217.67 billion, accounting for 1.95% of the total foreign exchange reserves in the indicated currencies, ranking fifth, surpassing Canadian dollars by 1.88%, which is the highest level since the IMF began to publish RMB reserve assets in 2016.

　　According to incomplete statistics, at present, more than 70 central banks or monetary authorities around the world have included RMB in foreign exchange reserves.

　　In the first quarter of 2020, the share of RMB foreign exchange reserves announced by IMF further rose to 2.02%, the highest level since RMB joined the SDR (Special Drawing Rights) currency basket in 2016.

　　Currency data map.

　　The third largest trade financing currency

　　The attraction of RMB as an international financing currency is gradually emerging.

　　According to the report, the survey shows that about 82% of the overseas industrial and commercial enterprises surveyed said that when the liquidity of international currencies such as the US dollar and the euro is relatively tight, they will consider using RMB as the financing currency, which has reached a new high since 2016. 75% of the overseas industrial and commercial enterprises interviewed are willing to consider using RMB as the trade financing currency in their economic and trade exchanges with China.

　　The eighth largest foreign exchange trading currency

　　In 2019, global RMB foreign exchange transactions increased steadily. According to the latest data released by BIS in April 2019 (once every three years), RMB ranks eighth among the most active currencies in the world, and ranks first among the currencies of emerging market countries.

　　The global average daily trading volume of RMB increased from $202 billion in 2016 to $284 billion, and its share in the global foreign exchange market increased from 4% in 2016 to 4.3%.

　　Data map: The bank teller is working. Photo by Ai Qinglong

　　RMB assets are becoming more and more popular.

　　According to the report, by the end of 2019, the amount of domestic financial assets such as RMB stocks, bonds, loans and deposits held by overseas entities totaled 6.41 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 30.3%. Among them, the stock market value is 2.1 trillion yuan, the bond custody balance is 2.26 trillion yuan, the deposit balance is 1.21 trillion yuan (including interbank current account deposits), and the loan balance is 833.2 billion yuan.

　　Stocks and bonds in domestic financial markets have become the main varieties for overseas entities to allocate RMB assets. By the end of 2019, the scale of domestic RMB stocks and bonds held by overseas entities increased by 48.6% year-on-year, of which the amount of bond custody accounted for 2.3% of the total bond custody in the inter-bank bond market, and the market value of stocks held accounted for 3.6% of the total market value of A shares. In 2019, stocks accounted for 66.6% of the domestic RMB assets newly added by overseas entities.

　　In other words, more and more foreign investors are looking for gold in China’s capital market. In 2019, the cross-border receipts and payments of securities investment in RMB totaled 9.51 trillion yuan, up 49.1% year-on-year, with a net inflow of 621.9 billion yuan.

　　More foreign trade enterprises use RMB for cross-border payment and receipt.

　　According to the questionnaire of the People’s Bank of China on foreign trade enterprises, since 2019, foreign trade enterprises have been highly motivated to participate in cross-border RMB business. As of the fourth quarter of 2019, 84.6% of enterprises chose RMB as the main currency for cross-border settlement.

　　Judging from the driving factors for enterprises to choose cross-border RMB settlement, since 2019, due to the influence of external factors such as Sino-US trade friction, RMB exchange rate fluctuations have increased. Many enterprises choose cross-border RMB business as a means to avoid exchange rate risks, accounting for 64.7%. In addition, simple settlement process, reducing settlement cost and facilitating financial accounting and fund management are also the main reasons why enterprises choose to carry out cross-border RMB business, accounting for 43.2%, 36.8% and 32% respectively.

　　The RMB cross-border payment system (CIPS) has become the main channel for RMB cross-border settlement. In 2019, the CIPS system handled 1.884 million cross-border RMB businesses, amounting to 33.9 trillion yuan, up 31% and 28% respectively. It handled 7,537 transactions daily, with an amount of 135.7 billion yuan.

　　Data map of RMB. China News Service reporter Zhang Hao photo

　　Iron ore transactions are settled in RMB.

　　In recent years, China has been the largest importer and consumer of iron ore trade in the world. The import and consumption of iron ore are at the global level of 70% and 50% respectively, but it has been relatively passive in pricing.

　　Nowadays, domestic iron and steel enterprises have made continuous progress in using RMB to settle iron ore imports. In early May 2020, baoshan iron & steel, a subsidiary of China Baowu Group, and Rio Tinto completed the first cross-border RMB settlement with blockchain technology. This is another new development after baoshan iron & steel completed the first RMB cross-border settlement with Brazil’s Vale and Australia’s BHP Billiton in January and April this year respectively.

　　So far, China Baowu and the world’s three major iron ore suppliers have achieved RMB cross-border settlement, totaling more than 500 million yuan.

　　The RMB exchange rate remained basically stable.

　　At the beginning of August 2019, due to the further escalation of trade friction, the RMB exchange rate was "broken by 7" driven by market forces, but the exchange rate expectation remained stable on the whole. Since then, due to the changes in the international economic and financial situation and the trade friction situation, the RMB exchange rate has broken by 7 for many times.

　　The report pointed out that in general, cross-border capital flows and foreign exchange supply and demand were basically balanced in 2019, exchange rate expectations were generally stable, and the RMB exchange rate remained basically stable at a reasonable and balanced level.

　　Overall, in 2019, the domestic RMB exchange rate fluctuated in both directions, and its flexibility was significantly enhanced. The RMB has risen and fallen against the US dollar and other major currencies in the world. The central parity of RMB against the US dollar, Japanese yen and British pound has depreciated by 1.62%, 3.43% and 5.18% respectively compared with the end of 2018, and the central parity of RMB against the euro has appreciated by 0.41% compared with the end of 2018.

　　Renminbi and US dollars. Zhongxin. com reporter Li Jinlei

　　Raise the level of free use of RMB

　　According to the report, RMB internationalization is a natural process driven by the market. In recent years, the cross-border use of RMB has maintained rapid growth, especially since the COVID-19 epidemic hit global trade, finance and economy this year, the cross-border use of RMB has remained resilient and showed growth.

　　The Bank of China said that in the future, it will continue to serve the real economy, adhere to the principle of marketization, and steadily promote the internationalization of RMB.

　　First, adhere to market-driven. Explore and promote a higher level of trade and investment facilitation, constantly remove obstacles restricting the use of RMB at home and abroad, and create a level playing field for RMB and other major convertible currencies. Second, continue to promote the opening of domestic financial markets and the interconnection of infrastructure. Further facilitate foreign investors to use RMB to invest in domestic bonds and stocks. The third is to guide the healthy development of the offshore RMB market. Improve the freely usable level of RMB and promote the benign interaction and deep integration between offshore and onshore markets. The fourth is to improve macro-prudential management. Strengthen the monitoring, analysis and early warning of cross-border capital flows, make countercyclical adjustments, and guard against the risks of cross-border capital flows. (End)

According to the British "Financial Times" report, China’s new energy automobile giant Weilai is ready to share its electric vehicle power exchange platform technology with other car companies in a competitive relationship, and plans to build 1,000 power exchange stations overseas by 2025.

Peter, vice president of Weilai Europe, said in an interview that the company is willing to share its power exchange platform technology with other automakers and is in talks with domestic and foreign automakers on this matter. When asked whether sharing power exchange technology refers to authorization or other types of commercial agreements, Weilai declined to provide more details.

"We hope to become a participant in the high-end market in Europe by 2025." Peter said. Wei Lai believes that the power exchange mode can win the support of European consumers, and the scarcity of charging piles and long charging time hinder the demand growth of electric vehicles in Europe. The company hopes to expand the application scope of this technology by selling the power exchange system, so as to resolve consumers’ concerns about the shortage of charging piles.

Weilai has established 868 power exchange stations in China, and said that its customers have replaced batteries 7.6 million times. In January this year, Weilai opened the first power exchange station in Norway, and plans to establish 20 power exchange stations in that country. In the future, the company aims to build 1,000 power exchange stations in Europe and the United States by 2025, and increase the global power exchange station network to 5,000 by the middle of this century.

Weilai Automobile said that when the ES8 SUV model was launched in Norway, almost all customers chose to rent batteries separately, so that they could use the power exchange station. The one-month battery rental fee includes two free battery replacements. Consumers can choose a 100 kWh battery or a cheaper 75 kWh battery, which will be available later this year.

The so-called "battery replacement" means that when the battery of the new energy vehicle is insufficient, the battery that has been fully charged is replaced at the recent power replacement station, and the concept is similar to the charging method of the old mobile phone battery replacement. The average time required for changing power is less than 5 minutes, while the charging mode takes more than one hour under the condition of fast charging and 8-10 hours under the condition of slow charging.

Compared with the traditional charging mode, the power exchange mode has the advantages of shortening the charging time, prolonging the battery life, improving safety, having little impact on the power grid, sharing the pressure of insufficient charging piles, and directly reducing the cost of car purchase for users.

The fly in the ointment is that the construction cost of the power exchange network is much higher than that of the charging network. The Swedish Transport Authority published a research report on power exchange last year, which quoted Weilai’s data to show that the cost of building a power exchange station in China was 772,000 US dollars, including battery and site lease, while the cost of building a battery charging station was 309,000 US dollars.

Wei Lai said that it is currently seeking to reduce the construction cost of the power station. Sharing its power exchange platform with other automobile manufacturers can improve the utilization rate of the power exchange station, thus improving cost-effectiveness.

Operation situation of Weilai power station

In addition to Weilai, there are not many domestic enterprises engaged in power exchange services at present, and most of them are for service vehicles such as taxis, and there are only a handful of power exchange services for private cars. The main reason is that the power exchange standard has not been unified, the cost is too high, and it is difficult to make a profit in the short term.

Tesla, the global pioneer of electric vehicles, claimed in March last year that the mode of changing power for electric vehicles was "full of problems and not suitable for large-scale promotion". Tesla tried the power exchange strategy in the United States many years ago, but soon gave up the plan. Well-known car companies such as GM, Volkswagen and Renault also expressed doubts about the power exchange model.

It is reported that one of Weilai’s potential customers may be Geely’s Lotus Technology, which Weilai once invested in through its venture capital department. At the same time, Geely plans to build 5,000 electric vehicle exchange stations around the world by 2025, but has not indicated whether it will create its own platform.

In addition, later this year, Weilai will March into Sweden, the Netherlands and Germany. Among them, the model that Weilai plans to launch in Germany will be the ET7 sedan, which directly competes with the electric BMW 7 Series which also adopts the power exchange technology.

It is generally believed in the industry that home-filled piles, fast-filled piles and changing power stations will become the three main ways to replenish energy for electric vehicles in the future. According to the analysis of CICC’s research report, it is estimated that the number of power stations in China will reach 22,000-26,000 in 2025, with broad market prospects.

Contrary to the negative attitude of foreign car companies, the China Municipal Government is vigorously promoting the large-scale application of the electric vehicle replacement mode as an expansion of the electric vehicle energy replenishment mode.

In 2020, the power exchange mode was included in the category of "new infrastructure" and was first written into the "Government Work Report" of the two sessions. In the construction of new energy infrastructure, "building charging piles" is expanded to "adding charging piles, changing power stations and other facilities". By 2021, the government work report once again mentioned the need to increase facilities such as changing power stations.

In May, 2021, the world’s first national standard for battery replacement technology, Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicles, was approved and issued by the State Administration of Markets and the State Standardization Administration Committee, which specified the safety requirements, test methods and inspection regulations for electric vehicles with replaceable batteries, and it was implemented in November, 2021.

In October, 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology launched a pilot project on the application of new energy vehicle switching mode, and 11 cities were included in the pilot project. The goal is to produce 100,000 rechargeable cars by 2023 and build more than 1,000 power stations in pilot cities.

Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has issued the "Key Points of Automobile Standardization in 2022", which requires the development of standards such as on-board power exchange system, general platform for power exchange and battery pack for pure electric vehicles. Automobile manufacturer Weilai and Geely, battery manufacturer Aodong New Energy and central enterprise China Petrochemical jointly said that they plan to open a total of 24,000 power exchange stations nationwide by 2025, while the current number of power exchange stations is about 1,400.

According to Reuters’s previous report, if the China market succeeds in promoting the power exchange model on a large scale, this change may affect the business models of global auto giants such as Tesla, Volkswagen and General Motors. These brands of electric vehicles use their own patented batteries, and Tesla even only uses the company’s charging network.

Power exchange technology has always been one of the core competitiveness of Weilai’s automobile products. Sharing power exchange technology is equivalent to Tesla allowing other brands to use its super charging network. In addition to reducing the cost of power exchange, increasing market share and accelerating the global layout, Weilai’s move is to seize more voice in the upcoming power exchange industry.

　　After three years in Chengdu and two years in Wuhan, the sixth Global Automobile Forum 2015 will be held in Chongqing Yuelai International Conference Center on June 9-10. With the theme of "Great Change: Restructuring the Industrial System", more than 800 Chinese and foreign professionals gathered to discuss the future changes of the automobile industry structure. The following is a speech by Li Xinqiang, Assistant to the President of Changan Automobile and Minister of Purchasing.

　　Li Xinqiang: Good host, good morning everyone! I am honored to be invited by the organizing Committee to discuss with you how to build a cooperative relationship between automobile and parts enterprises. Changan Automobile was founded in 1862, with a history of 153 years, but we have only entered the automobile industry for 30 years. At present, Changan Automobile has established R&D centers in Italy, India, the United States and Yokohama, Japan, and has more than 6,000 R&D teams around the world. At the same time, we have established joint ventures with Ford and Mazda, and have 12 production bases and 32 automobile plants around the world, and established strategic cooperative relations with world-class parts enterprises. In 2014, Changan Automobile sold 2.54 million vehicles, including 1.38 million vehicles sold by China brand.From January to May this year, 1.25 million vehicles were sold, of which 730,000 were sold by China brand.The sales of China brand of Changan Automobile ranked first in China and 14th in the world for 8 consecutive years. It can be said that Changan Automobile is not only a long-standing enterprise, but also a young enterprise. It not only adheres to the road of independent research and development, but also constantly integrates excellent global resources. It not only cultivates local parts enterprises, but also hopes to carry out in-depth cooperation with multinational parts suppliers.

　　In China, there are vehicles from Europe, America, Japan and South Korea, as well as state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. Parts enterprises also have suppliers’ management from different countries and different properties, capital cooperation based on equity, long-term strategic cooperation and some ways of full market competition. For a long time, it has been centered on the automobile factory, and has not paid attention to the voices and demands of suppliers. With the slowdown of market growth and the intensification of competition, the contradiction between suppliers and automakers has gradually intensified. Suppliers complain about low prices, frequent design changes and inaccurate plans, while automobile companies also accuse poor quality and slow response. These problems are not only found in China brands, but also in joint venture brands. The reason, I think, is that automobile enterprises still stay in the single imperative management of suppliers, lacking sufficient communication, understanding and trust with suppliers, which will inevitably reduce the synergy efficiency of supply chain and weaken the competitive advantage of products. We should change from supplier management to supplier relationship management. From single command management to double collaborative relationship. First of all, we must make clear the goal of two-way management.

　　Changan Automobile’s vision is to build a world-class automobile brand. Therefore, we should take the establishment of an internationally competitive supply system as our ultimate goal. Create an efficient China brand supply chain. The core is to cultivate a batch of supply systems that are not only excellent in ability, but also capable of serving our institute. The key is to build a two-way collaborative and sustainable system. The function of procurement has been changed. Chang ‘an headquarters is responsible for purchasing strategy and planning, while molecular companies are responsible for purchasing vehicles, transportation and implementation, and a special supplier relationship management department has been set up at the headquarters. Unified management of supplier performance evaluation relationship improvement, strategic cooperation and capability improvement. Then, the procurement process is reformed, so that suppliers can be integrated into R&D, procurement, production, sales and other links, so that suppliers are not only participants, but also co-makers of rules. Not only implementation, but also suggestions for the development of vehicle enterprises, and truly achieve win-win development.

　　It is necessary to change the management of suppliers from one-way to two-item. Changan Automobile has carried out a lot of experiments and innovations in this process. In terms of quality, in order to improve the product quality of China brand, we have formulated and published the strategy of Changan Automobile Parts, and constructed the first supplier quality ability certification standard of China brand. At the same time, we have set up SP teams in various projects of Changan Automobile to cooperate with suppliers to improve quality and improve cooperation. And work with suppliers to develop the quality standards and technology of each component. In terms of cost, the management mode of purchasing cost has been changed, from purchasing price management to whole life cycle management of parts, and accurate cost analysis of parts has been established. Guide suppliers to control the cost in all stages from design, development to mass production, and at the same time, build the first supplier cost management diagnosis of China brand to optimize the cost together with suppliers. In terms of sales, according to the logistics properties of parts, we plan in advance the suppliers that each production base will enter the industrial park and build nearby. The release mechanism of product planning and production planning has been established to guide suppliers to build property rights in advance. At the same time, efforts should be made to improve the accuracy of production planning and minimize the impact on suppliers’ production and delivery. In addition, a supplier relationship model is constructed to evaluate the cooperative relationship in a two-way way. The purpose of monitoring suppliers’ performance is to develop suppliers’ risks and guide suppliers to improve and upgrade. If the supplier is rated as high risk, it will be stopped.On the other hand, suppliers are regularly invited to evaluate automobile enterprises, mainly through high-level seminars and questionnaires. The purpose is to force the management of automobile enterprises. It is necessary to improve a management level of informatization, which must be supported by the level of informatization.

　　In 2011, Changan Automobile cooperated with Oracle Bone Inscriptions Company to realize an online management of the whole process of supplier access, selection and elimination. It not only improves the efficiency of supplier management, but also makes the procurement process more open and transparent. Implement a two-way management system of supplier relationship to support the rapid development of enterprises in many aspects. First, the ability of suppliers has been rapidly improved, from meeting the needs of our maintenance cars and economical cars to meeting the development of middle and high-class cars, supporting Changan Automobile to go out of Chongqing and lay out the strategy of the whole country. Second, the quality of our spare parts has increased at an average annual rate of 50%, which has greatly improved the quality of the whole vehicle. At present, the quality level of some models has reached or even surpassed that of the same class of cars.

　　Third, while ensuring the product quality, we should strictly control the continuous optimization of material cost and give full play to the leverage of purchasing, so that the profitability of China brand has been significantly improved. Since 2012, the supplier’s satisfaction with Changan Automobile has increased by 20% for three consecutive years, which has laid a solid foundation for the long-term development of China brand. With the arrival of big data, new energy and mobile internet, the individual needs of customers and the upgrading of products have brought more challenges to supply management. Customer-oriented, greatly improving the response speed and customer experience will be the next goal of supply chain management. Continuously improving the cooperative relationship with suppliers and forming a virtuous circle will surely make China brand cars become world-class at an early date. Welcome friends to know about Chang ‘an, enter Chang ‘an, and go hand in hand with Chang ‘an for win-win development. Thank you for your trip to Chang ‘an.

On July 22nd, in the durian planting base in Sanya Ecological Yucai District, Hainan, a batch of durians were ripe, and when they were opened, a burst of fragrance came out. According to Du Baizhong, the person in charge of the base, at present, the price of this batch of mature durian is one catty in 60 yuan, but the quantity is small, so it is only for some consumers to try it.

In this regard, netizens have speculated: What is the taste of durian in Hainan? Can everyone eat cheap and delicious durian in the future? Will the parity era of durian in Hainan come?

Is there a surprise for durian in Hainan?

"At present, the area of planting durian in Sanya Ecological Yucai District is 12,000 mu, and it is estimated that more than 1,300 mu will be listed before the end of July this year." Du Baizhong, general manager of Hainan Youqi Agricultural Co., Ltd. introduced that consumers are welcome to come to the base to taste Hainan durian.

Photo by Wang Chenglong, durian planting base in Yucai Ecological Zone, Sanya City

Recently, some consumers have "tasted" Hainan durian through online shopping booking. In a shop in JD.COM, durian with the label "fresh fruit of durian produced in Sanya, Hainan" began to be pre-sold in June. The price of 3.5-4.5 kg was 188 yuan, and the price of 7.7-8.5 kg was 358 yuan. The average price was more than 40 yuan per kg, which was not cheap. A netizen who bought durian from Hainan commented: "There are surprises when the fruit is opened, and the fruit yield is 2.5 kg-3.5 kg, with thin skin and good taste."

"At present, most of the durians circulating in the market are 70% semi-cooked durians imported from abroad. The durian in Hainan is’ cooked on the tree’ and tastes very good!" Liu Xinyuan, chairman of Hainan Rouming Agricultural Co., Ltd., who started planting durian in Ledong five years ago, is also very confident in the durian industry in Hainan.

Du Baizhong also said that the main advantage of Hainan durian is "ripe on the tree" and its quality is guaranteed. But at present, the amount of listing is still relatively small. He introduced that the company currently plans to set up sales channels in durian entity tasting shops in Beishangguang and other places, and the online e-commerce platform only attracts consumers to adopt early adopters.

How big is the durian market?

The news of the listing of durian in Hainan has attracted a lot of attention of durian powder in recent days.

Durian, a tall tropical evergreen tree of Kapok family, is native to Malay archipelago and has the reputation of "king of all fruits".

How much does China love durian? 821,500 tons, US$ 4.205 billion. This is the data that China imported fresh durian from Southeast Asia in 2021.

In 2022, durian ranked first in the amount of fruit imported from China, reaching US$ 4.03 billion, and the import volume reached 825,000 tons, nearly tripled compared with 2014; According to customs data, between 2015 and 2022, the compound growth rate of fresh durian imports in China reached 17%.

The golden pillow durian Wang Chenglong, who is about to mature in the durian planting base in Yucai Ecological Zone, Sanya City.

Although China is a big consumer of durian, durian could not be made in China before. Based on the information publicly reported by various countries, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines are the countries with large scale and high output of commercial durian in the world.

Feng Xuejie, director of the Tropical Fruit Research Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that durian has a longer growth cycle than other fruits, and it takes six or seven years from planting to fruiting. In terms of characteristics, durian is a very "picky" and "enjoyable" fruit. It must "live" in the mountains, like a warm winter and cool summer climate, grow in the lee, and the humidity should be controlled at 75% to 85%. At the same time, the planting technology requires high requirements, and various typhoon weather, pests and diseases will also affect the growth progress of durian; Because the "height" is relatively high, durian trees in their prime can grow to more than 20 meters, and the picking cost is also quite high.

Why can you grow durian in Hainan?

Hainan and durian have a deep fate. Hainan is the only tropical island province in China. Its climatic conditions are similar to those of Thailand and Malaysia, which are the main durian producing countries, and it has the inherent advantages of planting durian.

According to related books such as Records of Agriculture in Hainan Province and Records of Farming in Hainan Province, from 1956 to 1961, Hainan Farming introduced 20 species of tropical fruit trees such as durian and mangosteen from Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia and other countries in 82 batches, which were planted by four breeding stations including Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute at that time.

Photo by Maoshanwang durian Wang Chenglong, who is about to mature in the durian planting base of Yucai Ecological Zone in Sanya City.

However, due to various reasons, the durian tree has not blossomed and produced no fruit for a long time, which has created a general impression that "Hainan is not suitable for planting durian". Some durian growers also admit that in the process of planting durian, "durian is planted dead and died", which is very tortuous. Up to now, the above-mentioned Youqi Company has invested 320 million yuan to grow durian, which is a heavy investment project.

In 2015, 44 durian trees were introduced to Hainan Huasheng Ecological Agriculture Base in Sandao Town, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County, Hainan Province, and they actually blossomed and bore fruit in 2019. The news has aroused widespread concern, and it has also doubled the confidence of planting enterprises in the wait-and-see.

In recent years, with the joint efforts of scientific research teams and enterprises in Hainan, durian cultivation has made great progress.

Growers imitate the "micro-ecological environment" for durian growth abroad to improve the planting environment. The scientific and technological innovation team of tropical excellent and rare fruit trees of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences conducted appraisal and regional adaptability tests on durian variety resources, and developed corresponding fertilizer and water management technologies, cultivation models and pest control technologies.

These scientific and technological supports have enabled durian to grow up in Hainan, and also reduced the mortality rate of durian trees in the base to 2‰.

Technicians take care of the maturing durian Wang Chenglong.

At the same time, the company also invited experts from Southeast Asia to teach durian, and made continuous efforts to transform the irrigation system. At present, the durian planting base in Sanya Ecological Yucai District adopts the digital agricultural platform, which can monitor the growth of trees through sensors, start the micro-spray system when water is scarce, and make fine water replenishment in time to help durian grow.

According to the statistics of the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Department of Hainan Province, at present, the area of planting durian in Hainan Province has reached 30,000 mu.

How far is "durian freedom"?

Can planting durian in Hainan help netizens realize "durian freedom"?

Generally speaking, the "durian freedom" expected by netizens may be understood from these angles to a greater extent: First, with the increase of supply places, consumers have more channels to choose high-quality durian; Second, you don’t have to go to Southeast Asia, but you can eat durian cooked on the tree in Hainan.

From the global durian supply side, since the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) came into effect on January 1, 2022, consumers have more and more channels to choose durian. Thailand is a major supplier of fresh durian in China. In July last year, the General Administration of Customs of China issued an announcement to allow the import of Vietnamese fresh durian that meets the relevant requirements; In April this year, Philippine durian entered China for the first time through Nanning Airport.

From the supply and demand side of durian in Hainan, according to the relevant data provided by Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the area of durian that can blossom and bear fruit in Hainan this year is about 2,000 mu, and the estimated output is 50 tons, which is far from the customs statistics that the import of durian in China has reached more than 800,000 tons. Even after several years, durian has grown to 100,000 mu or even 300,000 mu, which still cannot meet the domestic market demand.

Therefore, it is not easy to realize "durian freedom" in price in the short term. A consensus in the industry is that in order to realize the industrial cultivation of durian from the source, it is necessary to cultivate new varieties suitable for local cultivation.

At present, scientific research institutes and enterprises in Hainan have established a gene bank of durian seedling living germplasm resources, combining local varieties and foreign varieties for grafting and domestication, and durian varieties with independent intellectual property rights in Hainan are expected to appear in recent years.

In the future, in order to cultivate durian industry in Hainan, it is necessary to do a good job in variety cultivation, variety screening and key technology research and development under the organization and guidance of the government, give full play to China’s advantages in technical equipment and cultivation technology, explore durian varieties with Hainan characteristics, further enrich the "fruit plate" of Chinese people, and let more consumers experience the "happiness of durian". (Fu Renyi)