editorial comment/note
Since its launch in March this year, the General Logistics Department has approved the launching of the Chinese medicine technical contest of the whole army, which has received positive response from the majority of medical personnel, set off an upsurge of Chinese medicine technical training on the medical front, and initially achieved the purposes of promoting the cause of Chinese medicine, popularizing Chinese medicine knowledge, training Chinese medicine teams and selecting Chinese medicine talents. In order to further enhance the knowledge and understanding of leaders and organs at all levels on the work of Chinese medicine, increase the support for the work of Chinese medicine, promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese medicine, and improve the ability of Chinese medicine to prevent and treat diseases and the level of service guarantee in the army, the questions and answers of this knowledge contest of Chinese medicine technology are summarized as follows for officers and men to learn and refer to.

1. What is the time when the sun is in the middle and the yin is in the middle?
Answer: afternoon
2. What does the function of the lung governing the water diversion channel mainly depend on?
Answer: the lung governs the promotion and depression.
3. What causes hand and foot peristalsis?
Answer: Virtual wind moves internally.
4. What color can be seen in the face of patients with cold syndrome?
Answer: black, cyan
5. What is the cause of the patient’s hunger?
Answer: insufficient stomach yin
6. In the syndrome differentiation of epidemic febrile diseases, what kind of syndrome does macula loom?
Answer: Differentiation of syndromes.
7. What drugs should be used for hypochondriac pain, irritability, convulsion and fright?
Answer: Drugs for liver meridian.
8. What are the drugs contained in Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction and Danggui Sini Decoction?
Answer: cassia twig, peony, jujube
9. The patient’s face is swollen with floating limbs, abdomen is full, coughing and wheezing, expectoration is thin, palpitation, fear of cold, anorexia, scanty urine, loose stool, fat tongue with white and smooth fur, and deep and thin pulse. What is the cure?
Answer: Warming the kidney and strengthening the spleen, transforming drinking and benefiting water.
10. The patient suffers from palpitation, chest tightness, heartburn, pain like acupuncture, cyanosis of lip nail, dark purple tongue, or ecchymosis and petechia. What should the treatment representative choose first?
Answer: Peach kernel and safflower decoction.
11. What is the best prescription for the treatment of accumulated stagnation of liver qi?
Answer: Xiaoyao Powder and Muxiang Shunqi Powder are modified.
12. What is the appropriate ointment for external treatment of perianal abscess?
Answer: Golden Cream
13. What is the treatment principle of irregular menstruation?
Answer: regulating chong and ren qi and blood
14. What is the representative prescription for treating dysmenorrhea with damp-heat and blood stasis syndrome?
Answer: Qingre Tiaoxue Decoction
15. What is the basis and internal cause of postpartum diseases?
Answer: more deficiency and more blood stasis
16. What is the main pathological mechanism of infantile pneumonia with asthma, cough, heart-yang deficiency and failure syndrome?
Answer: Qi stagnation and blood stasis, weak heart and yang.
17. What is the preferred prescription for treating measles with heat toxin attacking the throat?
Answer: Qing Yan Xia Tan Tang
18. What is the preferred prescription for treating wind-heat collateral injury purpura?
Answer: forsythia detoxification powder
19. What is the distribution of the foot Sanyinjing from the beginning to the 8-inch segment on the medial malleolus?
Answer: Jueyin is in front, Taiyin is in the middle, and Shaoyin is behind.
20. In the acute phase of facial paralysis, what methods should be used to stimulate facial acupoints?
Answer: mild irritation
21. What are the main points for treating tinnitus and deafness?
Answer: Feng, Tinghui, Xiaxi and Zhongzhu.
22. What is the pathogenesis of "but sweating on the head" in Zhizi black bean soup?
Answer: stagnation of heat and steaming.
23. What is the reason for Guizhi to go to Shaoyao Decoction and Paeonia lactiflora?
Answer: Paeonia lactiflora is feminine, which hinders the communication of yang.
24. "Typhoid fever, stagnant heat in the stomach, the body will be yellow," what kind of prescription is suitable?
Answer: ephedra, forsythia and red bean soup
25. The patient’s heart is uncomfortable, and it is soft and painless, and then he sees aversion to cold and sweating. Where should I use it?
Answer: Fuzi Xiexin Decoction
26. The patient has fullness in the heart, polydipsia, dysuria, white fur, and floating pulse. What is the clinical syndrome differentiation?
Answer: Wuling powder syndrome
27. What is the treatment solution of Taiyin disease?
Answer: Warming the middle and dispelling cold, invigorating the spleen and drying dampness.
28. The essence theory was first seen in which book?
Answer: Zhouyi and Guanzi.
29. What are the viscera closely related to the generation of qi?
Answer: spleen, stomach, lung and kidney.
30. What is the qi that promotes the growth and development of human body and the functional activities of zang-fu organs?
Answer: vitality
31. What is the function of body fluid operation depending on qi?
Answer: Promoting effect.
32. What is the trend law of the three yin meridians of the hand?
Answer: Go from the chest.
33. What is the external evil that most easily causes pain?
Answer: cold evil
34. Among the five main diseases, what is the main disease of cyan?
Answer: cold syndrome
35. What is "Tiangui"?
Answer: "Tiangui" means that with the growth and development of human body, the essence in the kidney is gradually filled to a certain extent, producing a subtle substance that promotes the development and maturity of human reproductive organs and maintains reproductive function.
36. What are the compatibility characteristics of Guizhi Decoction?
Answer: 1. Guishao is equal, pungent and sour, scattered and collected, supplemented by sweat, and reconciled with camp and health; 2. Xin Gan Hua Yang, sour Gan Hua Yin, combining rigidity with softness, and harmonizing yin and yang; 3. Give consideration to both evil and healthy, and publish that dispersing evil does not hurt the camp yin, and the convergence of yin and the camp does not leave evil.
37. Please fill in the blanks with the names of traditional Chinese medicines.
Answer:
1. Traditional Chinese medicine and the four seasons: spring (Amomum villosum), summer (Prunella vulgaris), autumn (Malus begoniana) and winter (Malus sunflower);
2. Traditional Chinese Medicine and Orientation: East (Radix Paeoniae Alba), West (Carthamus tinctorius), South (Radix Adenophorae) and North (Five Flavors);
3. Chinese medicine and five elements: gold (Dendrobium), wood (butterfly), water (leech), fire (hemp seed) and soil (turtle worm);
4. Chinese medicine and multicolored: green (Dai), yellow (Qi), red (Shao), white (surgery) and black (lead)
38. What six words can be summarized as the main pathogenesis of stroke?
Answer: deficiency (yin deficiency, qi deficiency), fire (liver fire, wind fire), phlegm (wind phlegm, wet phlegm), wind (liver wind), qi (qi adverse) and blood (blood stasis).
39. What is the earliest existing first surgical monograph in China?
Answer: Liu Juanzi’s Ghost Legacy.
40. Who is the physician who initiated Yuzhen Powder to treat tetanus, putting forward the theory of "eliminating is the most important thing, trusting is the most fearful thing"?
Answer: Wang Ji
41. "Today’s husband’s fever, typhoid fever and the like" comes from which book?
Answer: Neijing
42. What does "the great master of the internal organs" mean?
Answer: Heart.
43. What is called "the foundation of stopping extremes"?
Answer: liver
44. What is most closely related to the physiological function of the daughter cell?
Answer: heart, liver, spleen, kidney, pulse and ren pulse.
45. What is the prescription composed of Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma Pinelliae and Fructus Trichosanthis?
Answer: Xiaoxiong Chest Soup
46. What is the pathogenesis of yin deficiency and yang?
Answer: Yin deficiency, involving Yang qi metaplasia, Yang is also deficient.
47. What are the three postpartum emergencies?
Answer: The three postpartum emergencies refer to: vomiting, night sweats and diarrhea. See the cloud in Zhang’s Medical Tong: "Postpartum diseases, vomiting, night sweats and diarrhea are urgent."
48. What are the characteristics of turbid phlegm that blinds the mind and changes the mind?
Answer: stupor and dementia
49. What are the drugs contained in Huang Longtang and Sini Powder?
Answer: Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Radix Glycyrrhizae.
50. What is the first medical book to record the name of night sweats?
Answer: synopsis of the golden chamber
51. What is the main cause and pathogenesis of erysipelas?
Answer: Fire evil invades, the blood is hot and depressed in the skin.
52. What is the main cause of menstrual disease?
Answer: six exogenous evils, seven internal injuries, excessive labor and fertility, improper diet and excessive fatigue.
53. Why use mung bean soup to relieve summer heat in summer?
Answer: Mung beans are sweet and cold, and have the effects of relieving summer heat, removing annoying heat and detoxifying.
54. "Where evil is, it is affected by heaven, and it is contagious." Which classic of Chinese medicine comes out?
Answer: On Epidemic Febrile Diseases
55. Chen Shigong, a famous surgeon in Ming Dynasty, proposed that there should be five precepts in medical ethics. Which five precepts are they?
Answer:
1. Be strict with yourself, make medicines for patients, and do not substitute inferior ones for good ones;
2. Go to the patient’s home to make house calls, and don’t boast of the goodness of things, suggesting asking for them;
3. Cure a patient without asking for a reward;
4. To see a doctor for a woman, a waiter must be present;
5. If there is any inconvenience, make a serious and sincere diagnosis and keep the patient’s family confidential.
56. What are the basic characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine?
Answer: holistic concept and syndrome differentiation and treatment
57. What is the theoretical basis for expounding the mutual loss of Yin and Yang?
Answer: the balance of yin and yang
58. What are the characteristics of pathogenic dryness?
Answer: Dry, easy to hurt body fluids.
59. What are the manifestations of hypochondriac pain caused by emotional stagnation?
Answer: Swelling and running around.
60. What is the main disease of pale white tongue?
Answer: yang deficiency syndrome
61. Kidney and bladder lesions can be reflected in what part of the tongue?
Answer: Tongue root
62. What are the ups and downs?
Answer: Xin, Gan and Wen.
63. What is the first choice for the treatment of exogenous wind-cold combined with qi stagnation, chest fullness, nausea and vomiting?
Answer: Perilla frutescens
64. What should be distinguished first in the syndrome differentiation of asthma?
Answer: sent but not sent.
65. What is the medical book that thinks that influenza is epidemic and infectious?
Answer: The Theory of Pathogens and Stages of Diseases.
66. In the five-color visit, what is the main disease of white?
Answer: seize the gas.
67. What is the first medical monograph in China that records the treatment of gall disease with seaweed?
Answer: "elbow backup emergency prescription"
68. What is the general term for all superficial surgical diseases?
Answer: sores
69. Where do the three veins of Chong, Ren and Du start together?
Answer: in the cell
70. What are the main treatment principles of menstrual disease?
Answer: the key is to cure the disease and regulate menstruation.
71. What do the five colors mean in facial consultation?
Answer: red, blue, yellow, white and black.
72. How many times should the dosage of traditional Chinese medicine for newborns be that of adults?
Answer: 1/6
73. What is the preferred prescription for the treatment of acute cough due to toxic-heat lung-closing pneumonia?
Answer: Huanglian Jiedu Decoction and San ‘ao Decoction.
74. What is the meridian that "meets people" in the following meridians?
Answer: Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian
75. What are the three main types of acupoints?
Answer: Fourteen Meridian Points, Strange Points and Ashi Points.
76. Where do patients with lung diseases often have tenderness?
Answer: Zhongfu
77. In the six internal organs, what is the main decision related to human mental activities?
Answer: bravery
78. What is the main link between "the beating of the heart" and "the breathing of the lungs"?
Answer: the function of clan spirit
79. Patients with long-term illness and exhaustion of vital energy suddenly feel better, their appetite is greatly increased, their cheekbones are red as makeup, and their language is endless. Why is it called?
Answer: false gods
80. The patient has aversion to cold and fever, headache, no sweat, stuffy nose and runny nose, and a tight pulse. What should be the appearance of its tongue coating?
Answer: thin white
81. What medicine should be the first choice for treating exogenous fever, pathogenic stagnation, muscular abscess, adverse menstruation and strong nape pain?
Answer: Pueraria lobata
82. What are the symptoms that gardenia, coptis chinensis, forsythia suspensa and bamboo leaves can treat?
Answer: Fever upset
83. What are the main clinical features of wind-dry lung cough?
Answer: dry cough, continuous choking, no phlegm or a small amount of sticky phlegm, which is not easy to cough up.
84. What kind of drugs should be added in Fang Yaozhong to clear away damp-heat dysentery?
Answer: qi-regulating drugs
85. What is the application of the "entrust method" in the internal treatment of traditional Chinese medicine surgery?
Answer: in the middle stage of external selection, the deficiency of positive energy and the abundance of toxic substances.
86. What are the six-word tips for labor care?
Answer: Sleep, endure pain and give birth slowly.
87. What are the characteristics of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome with excessive leukorrhagia?
Answer: the amount of the belt is large, and the quality is as thin as water; Lumbar soreness, chills and cold limbs.
88. What is the first choice for treating anorexia in children with spleen-stomach qi deficiency?
Answer: Yigongsan
89. Acupuncture at Neiguan point can treat both tachycardia and bradycardia. What role does this belong to?
Answer: The benign adjustment of bipolar disorder.
90. What are the acupoints that are both collaterals and eight-pulse intersection points?
Answer: Neiguan
91. "Su Wen, Yin and Yang should be like a big theory" said: "Yang is qi and Yin is taste", what does its "qi" mean?
Answer: the qi of medicine and food
92. This is sweating, but it is reversed; If you sweat first, you can’t cure it. What is the cure for the disease?
Answer: When exterior and interior diseases are the same, interior syndrome is not urgent or heavy, but the principle of exterior syndrome first and interior syndrome later should be followed.
93. In the original prescription of Xiaochaihu Decoction, what kind of medicine is the dosage of half a catty?
Answer: Bupleurum chinense
94. In the process of the development of epidemic febrile diseases, which period is the "formative stage of epidemic febrile diseases"?
Answer: Ming and Qing Dynasties
95. "Yang wins is yin disease, and Yin wins is yang disease" is what kind of relationship between Yin and Yang?
Answer: Contradictory restriction
96. What is the hub of human qi movement?
Answer: spleen qi dominates the ascending, while stomach qi dominates the descending.
97. What is the essence of treating the same disease differently?
Answer: Differentiating syndromes and treating differences.
98. What is the relationship between Yin and Yang?
Answer: mutual transformation
99. What is the relationship between "B and decyl homology"?
Answer: liver and kidney
100. What kind of symptoms do you see when your tongue is purplish and moist?
Answer: cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome
101. What do patients often prompt when their mouths are dull and boring?
Answer: Qi deficiency of spleen and stomach
102. What are Wu Jutong’s representative works?
Answer: Differentiation of Epidemic Febrile Diseases
103. Critically ill patients suddenly have a cold sweat on their heads and foreheads and cold limbs. What do they belong to?
Answer: Wu Yang
104. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Rhizoma Coptidis, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Gentianae, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis and other drugs, which are not suitable for compatibility with Veratrum?
Answer: Sophora flavescens
105. Rhizoma Atractylodis, Cortex Magnolia Officinalis, Fructus Amomi, Fructus Amomi Rotundus, Fructus Amomi Rotundus, and Fructus Tsaoko are the six medicines that should be taken into decoction.
Answer: Amomum villosum, cardamom.
106. What is the prescription for treating stroke-like syndrome caused by liver and kidney yin deficiency, hyperactivity of liver yang and disorder of qi and blood?
Answer: Zhengan Xifeng Decoction
107. What is the medical book that puts forward that "all the internal organs make people cough, but not the lungs alone"?
Answer: "Su Wen"
108. What is the best prescription for consumption of qi and yin in pulmonary tuberculosis?
Answer: Baozhen Decoction
109. What was the earliest medical book that used the name of dysentery?
Answer: Jisheng Fang
110. What are the key points of surgical differentiation between yin syndrome and yang syndrome?
Answer: Is there any burning?
111. What is the most commonly used prescription for breast carbuncle with excessive heat and toxin?
Answer: Toupu Powder is modified.
112. At the beginning of breast abscess, the syndrome is that liver qi is not sparse and stomach heat is stagnant. Who should be the first choice for internal governance?
Answer: Gualou burdock soup
113. What are the zang-fu organs that have the closest relationship with menstrual diarrhea?
Answer: spleen and kidney
114. What method should be used to treat the damp-heat syndrome of liver meridian with yin itching?
Answer: Clearing liver and purging fire, killing insects and relieving itching.
115. What are the key viscera for the onset of various syndromes before and after menopause?
Answer: kidney
116. What is the preferred prescription for treating cough due to qi deficiency in children?
Answer: Liujunzi Decoction
117. What is the treatment of spleen deficiency with accumulation stagnation?
Answer: Strengthening the spleen to help transport, resolving food stagnation.
118. What is the preferred prescription for the treatment of sweat syndrome of disharmony between camp and health?
Answer: Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction
119. Among the five Shu points, what is the main purpose of Xing point?
Answer: Treat body heat.
120. What is the jinhui point in Bahui point?
Answer: Yanglingquan
121. The patient has severe toothache, accompanied by halitosis, thirst, constipation, yellow tongue coating, and red pulse. What is the first choice for treatment?
Answer: Chambers.
122. What was wood, fire, earth, gold and water first called?
Answer: Wucai
123. What is it that the cloth is scattered in the skin, muscles and pores on the body surface and can penetrate into the blood vessels for nourishment?
Answer: Jin
124. What are the basic conditions for the normal operation of blood in the pulse?
Answer: 1. The vessel must be unobstructed; 2. Blood must be full; 3. You must be energetic.
125. What are the compatibility characteristics of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction?
Answer: 1. There are lines in the supplement, and the supplement is not delayed; 2. There is a rise in the supplement, and the rising yang is trapped; 3. Ganwen removes heat
126. What is the dosage ratio of Ophiopogon japonicus and Pinellia ternata in Maimendong Decoction, and what are the compatibility characteristics?
Answer: The dosage ratio of Ophiopogon japonicus to Pinellia ternata in Maimendong Decoction is 7:1. Pinellia tuber gets Ophiopogon japonicus to be healthy but not dry, while Ophiopogon japonicus gets Pinellia tuber to be nourishing but not greasy, on the contrary, they complement each other
127. What is the climate change from the winter solstice to the summer solstice?
Answer: Yin disappears while Yang grows.
128. What is the evil that attacks and hurts people and causes pain?
Answer: cold evil
129. In which part of the body do the twelve meridians gather?
Answer: Near joints and bones.
130. What is the opposite of ginseng?
Answer: Veratrum nigrum
131. What are the viscera closely related to the formation of phlegm?
Answer: lung, spleen, kidney and triple energizer.
132. What is the main content of Su Wen’s Theory of Ancient Naivety?
Answer: health care
133. Who annotated Treatise on Febrile Diseases for the first time?
Answer: Cheng Wuji.
134. What is the prescription composed of ginseng, licorice, atractylodes macrocephala, cassia twig and dried ginger?
Answer: Guizhi ginseng soup.
135. What is the effect of Glycyrrhiza Xiexin Decoction?
Answer: tonify the middle energizer and stomach to eliminate the swelling.
136. From the concept, pathogenesis and treatment principle, who is the doctor who clearly distinguishes febrile diseases from typhoid fever?
Answer: Andao Wang.
137. What are the zang-fu organs most closely related to brain filling?
Answer: kidney
138. What is the theoretical basis of spleen as the source of qi and blood biochemistry?
Answer: Spleen governs the transport and transformation of Shui Gu subtle.
139. What is the main physiological function of kidney essence?
Answer: the main growth and reproduction
140. What are the compatibility characteristics of Guipi Decoction?
Answer: Heart and spleen are treated together, spleen is the main treatment, qi and blood are supplemented and qi is the main treatment.
141. What is the significance of compatibility of Paeonia lactiflora in Zhenwu decoction?
Answer: It is beneficial to urinate to remove moisture, soothe the liver and stop abdominal pain, astringe yin and relax tendons, and stop muscles and muscles. , system, attached to the dry.
142. What are the pathogenic factors of spring temperature?
Answer: pathogenic factors of warm diseases
143. Who is the physician who put forward the theory of furuncle?
Answer: Wu Youke
144. What is the effect of Ginger Xiexin Decoction?
Answer: Dispelling water and eliminating swelling in the stomach.
145. What are the typical pulse characteristics of shaoyang typhoid fever?
Answer: the string is thin.
146. What is the treatment principle of syndrome differentiation of sun disease?
Answer: Look at the pulse syndrome, know what is wrong, and treat it with the syndrome.
147. What is the meaning of "Yin and Yang" in "differentiating diseases from diseases from yin"?
Answer: Three Yin Syndrome and Three Yang Syndrome.
148. What is the reason for the "excessive longevity" in Su Wen’s Theory of Ancient Naivety?
Answer: Kidney qi is more than enough.
149. What is the internal cause of arthralgia syndrome?
Answer: Insufficient righteousness.
150. The location of stroke is mainly in the heart and brain, which organ is closely related to it?
Answer: Liver and kidney.
151. What is the basic pathogenesis of Jue syndrome?
Answer: Qi-qi is rebellious, and it rises and falls surly.
152. What is the earliest recorded medical book of Zhigancao decoction for treating palpitation?
Answer: Treatise on Febrile Diseases
153. What is the effect of Guipi decoction?
Answer: Yiqi Buxue, Jianpi Ningxin.
154. What is the book that establishes the name of summer-heat disease?
Answer: Differentiation of Epidemic Febrile Diseases
155. What is the channel of whole body vitality and water-liquid operation?
Answer: triple energizer
156. What are the characteristics of headache caused by trauma?
Answer: it stings
157. What is the main basis for the lung being called "jiao zang"?
Answer: lung qi is connected to the sky, and it is not cold and hot.
158. What is the theoretical basis of "those who take blood without sweat"?
Answer: body fluid and blood are homologous.
159. What are the basic principles of strengthening the body resistance and eliminating evil spirits?
Answer: Righteousness does not hinder evil, and eliminating evil does not harm righteousness.
160. What is the wind temperature?
Answer: It refers to a syndrome caused by the misuse of pungent-warm antiperspirant in febrile diseases, which is different from exogenous wind-febrile diseases in later generations.
161. Why is the liver the son of the kidney?
Answer: According to the theory of five elements, the liver belongs to wood and the kidney belongs to water and aquatic wood, so the liver is the son of the kidney and the kidney is the mother of the liver.
162. What is internal heat generating wind?
Answer: it refers to the syndrome of yin deficiency and excessive heat, suffering from nourishing yin, and moving wind due to the loss of meridians. Can appear shaking, dizziness, convulsions and other symptoms.
163. Please use? , Kun, heaven, earth, wind, thunder, mountain, water and stone, and name the corresponding prescription? For example: the word "Tian", Tianma Gouteng drink.
Answer: Gankun Yiqi Ointment Kunning Powder Tiantai Wuyao Powder
Dihuang Yinzi Wind-induced Decoction Leigong Rescue Medicine Dan
Sophora Tonkinensis Tang Shuilu Erxiandan Dendrobium luminous pill
164. What are the clinical manifestations of cold yin syndrome?
Answer: hands and feet are in a hurry
165. What is the most diagnostic symptom of stomach yin deficiency syndrome?
Answer: Hungry.
166. Chronic cough and asthma, thin and white sputum, shortness of breath, fatigue, pale tongue with white fur and weak pulse, what is the syndrome?
Answer: lung qi deficiency
167. Please fill in the ten famous academic ancestors in ancient China.
Answer: the ancestor of acupuncture: (Huangdi) the advocate of pulse science: (Bian Que)
Father of surgery: (Hua Tuo) Medical sage: (Zhang Zhongjing)
Yao Wang: (Sun Simiao) Yao Sheng: (Li Shizhen)
The ancestor of pediatrics: (Qian Yi) The ancestor of forensic medicine: (Song Ci)
Advocate of preventive medicine: (Ge Hong)
Chief Editor of Medical Zong Jin Jian: (Wu Qian)
168. What is the best measure to avoid aconite poisoning?
Answer: fry it first or for a long time.
169. What is the meaning of compatibility with green tea in Chuanxiong Tea Powder?
Answer: clearing away the heat, inducing the heat to descend, and assisting the prescription of apoplexy drugs to warm up and disperse.
170. What is the main purpose of compatibility of malt in Zhengan Xifeng Decoction?
Answer: Shugan and Stomach.
171. What is the etiology and pathogenesis of Baihe Gujin Decoction?
Answer: Deficiency of lung and kidney yin and inflammation due to deficiency of fire.
172. What are the characteristics of influenza?
Answer: Easy to be popular.
173. What are the main clinical features of heart blood stasis syndrome of chest obstruction?
Answer: The chest stings and is fixed, especially at night.
174. What are the clinical features of vertigo with deficiency of kidney essence?
Answer: dizziness persists for a long time, tinnitus is like cicada, waist and knees are sore and forgetful.
175. What are the three main symptoms of summer heat in children?
Answer: High fever, coma and convulsion.
176. The "honey trap" is the thirty-first of the thirty-six schemes. It is used in war as a scheme to weaken the fighting capacity and defeat the enemy by offering beauty to paralyze his mind. Actually, it is a kind of "pleasing the enemy" first, then taking advantage of its unprepared, giving it a fatal blow when it is addicted to beauty, paralyzed in thought and weakened in combat effectiveness, so as to win. In the process of treating diseases, Chinese medicine will adopt the same strategy of attack and punishment. Please list typical examples.
Answer: When treating ascaris, Chinese medicine first uses acid to treat ascaris, and then drives it away. This method is like using the trick of "honey trap". Because Ascaris likes acid, "acid" is like a "beauty" to Ascaris, and treating Ascaris with acid is like using a "beauty trick" to make Ascaris dormant, and then using the method of expelling Ascaris to drive away the worm and make the disease recover.
177. Where does this sentence come from, "Believe in witches and don’t believe in doctors, and six cures will not be cured"?
Answer: Historical Records
178. What are the important principles of health preservation and disease prevention discussed in The Theory of Ancient Naivety?
Answer: 1. Comply with the four seasons and avoid evil spirits outside; 2. Adjust the spirit and maintain righteousness.
179. Here is a couplet written in Chinese medicine. Name the eighteen Chinese medicines?
Part I: Chinese Pulsatilla, with a spurge, crossed the sea and fought against Equisetum equisetum for lily, and returned to Korea, which is worthy of being an old general.
The second part: The red lady, with gold hairpin and silver flower, is five times better than peony, and Cistanche deserticola is like a mica fairy.
Answer: Part One: Pulsatilla, Euphorbia, Hippocampus, Equisetum, Amomum Tsaoko, Lily, Inula, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Glycyrrhizae.
The bottom line: Red Lady, Golden Hairpin, Lonicera japonica, Peony, Peony, Galla Chinensis, Cistanche deserticola, Mica, Fairy.
180. Name the following works of traditional Chinese medicine.
The earliest extant medical theoretical work-Huangdi Neijing.
The earliest existing monograph on pharmacology-Shennong Herbal Classic.
The first extant monograph on acupuncture and moxibustion-A Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion.
The earliest medical encyclopedias in existence-Qian Jin Yao Fang and Qian Jin Yi Fang.
The earliest extant classic work of Tibetan medicine-Four Medical Codes.
181. Chinese medicine health care is closely related to food culture. Please fill in the blanks with Chinese medicine knowledge.
Answer: 1. If you eat more turtles, if you eat tomatoes, you will vomit, and (woody) can be solved;
2. Take anti-wind medicine, not edible (mutton), and eat people until they die;
3. If the citrus stays for a long time, if it is dry, needle it for ten holes, take boiling soup (honey), wait for cold, and soak it for one night as new;
4. The vinegar is not sour. Take (barley) parched coke and seal it.
5. (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus) Boiled fish makes bones soft;
6. (Mint) Remove fishy smell
182. The word "Nanxiangzi" written by You Dong, a Qing dynasty, depicts the characters’ environment with the name of medicine, which is quite vivid. The word says: the weak bones are afraid of the heavens, and the yellow flowers on the ground are gaunt. Mica stands by the screen, but Aconitum Saposhnikoviae is a Chinese Pulsatilla. Self-laughter parasitizes poverty, and sorrow is rare. Spring gypsum is blind and willing to get old, and it is easy to receive the bait work of Yunyam. Please find out 14 Chinese medicine names from this paragraph.
Answer: Radix Asparagi, Radix Rehmanniae, Flos Chrysanthemi, mica, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Radix Aconiti, Pulsatilla, Herba Taxilli, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Caulis Akebiae, Gypsum Fibrosum, Radix Kansui, Herba Cistanches, and Rhizoma Dioscoreae.
183. China’s traditional culture is extensive and profound, and it blends with each other. Please take the literal or artistic conception of the following ancient poems as the mystery, and tell the corresponding answer to the name of traditional Chinese medicine.
"Advise you to drink more wine, and there is no reason to go out of Yangguan in the west"-Shengdi
"till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon"-Light to the sky
"sinking back again, I thought suddenly of home"-Huai Rehmannia Land
"Stay in Qiu Lai on September 8th, when I bloom flowers kill.
Soaring incense attacks Chang ‘an, and the city is full of golden flowers "-living alone."
184. Please name 10 prescriptions starting with the numbers 1-10. For example, the word "five" is a five-flavored disinfectant drink.
Answer: a twist of gold; Erchen decoction; Sanren decoction; Sijunzi decoction; Wujisan; Liuwei Dihuang Pill; Seven-star sword; Bazhengsan; Jiuwei Qianghuo Decoction; shiquandabutang
185. Chinese medicine is good at accumulating experience in life, and there are records of dietary taboos in many medical historical materials, including some incurable poisons. Please fill in the following blanks according to what you have learned.
1. Mistaking (ginger) soup for abdominal pain;
2. Treating sores by mistake (fire twist);
3. Desperate for water, drinking water by mistake (in the vase);
4. Donkey meat (Schizonepeta tenuifolia) should be eaten together;
5. (Maoyan) Dripping water on the meat;
6. Eat (three-legged) turtles
186. When was the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine established? When was it changed to Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine? Which central leader attended the celebration meeting of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine?
Answer: The Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine was founded in December 1955 under the care of the older generation of party and state leaders such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. In 2005, the 50th anniversary of the founding of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its renaming as the Celebration Conference of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine was held in Beijing. Wu Yi, Vice Premier of members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, attended the meeting, and she expressed her congratulations on behalf of the State Council.

Editor: Cao Jin

　　BEIJING, May 23 (Xinhua) According to the Statistical Bulletin on the Development of China’s Health Care in 2018 released by the National Health and Wellness Commission, there were 15.23 million people born in China in 2018, and the proportion of two children remained at around 50%.

　　The total number of medical and health institutions in China is nearly one million.

　　In terms of the number of medical and health institutions, the Bulletin shows that at the end of 2018, the total number of medical and health institutions nationwide reached 997,434, an increase of 10,785 over the previous year. Among them, there are 33,009 hospitals, 943,639 primary medical and health institutions and 18,034 professional public health institutions.

　　Among them, private hospitals accounted for 63.5% of the total number of hospitals in 2018, an increase of 3.1 percentage points over the previous year. The proportion of outpatients and inpatients in private hospitals increased from 14.2% and 17.6% in 2017 to 14.8% and 18.3% respectively.

　　In terms of the number of health workers, at the end of 2018, the total number of health workers nationwide reached 12.3 million, an increase of 551,000 (an increase of 4.7%) over the previous year. Among them, there are 9.529 million health technicians, 907,000 rural doctors and health workers, 477,000 other technicians, 529,000 managers and 858,000 workers and technicians. Among the health technicians, there are 3.607 million licensed (assistant) doctors and 4.099 million registered nurses.

　　In 2018, there were 2.59 licensed (assistant) doctors and 2.94 registered nurses per 1,000 population; There are 2.22 general practitioners per 10,000 population and 6.34 professional public health institutions per 10,000 population.

　　The average resident visits 6.0 times, and the per capita hospitalization expense exceeds 9,000 yuan.

　　According to the Bulletin, in 2018, the total number of outpatients nationwide increased by 130 million person-times or 1.6% over the previous year. The average number of visits by residents increased from 5.9 in 2017 to 6.0.

　　In 2018, the number of people admitted to medical and health institutions nationwide was 254.53 million, an increase of 10.17 million over the previous year, and the annual hospitalization rate was 18.2%, an increase of 4.2% over the previous year. The number of beds in medical and health institutions per thousand population increased from 5.72 in 2017 to 6.03.

　　In terms of medical expenses, in 2018, the average outpatient expenses of the hospital was 274.1 yuan, which was 6.7% higher than that of the previous year and 4.5% higher than the comparable price. The per capita hospitalization expense is 9291.9 yuan, which is 4.5% higher than that of the previous year and 2.4% higher than that of the comparable price. The average daily hospitalization expense is 1002.8 yuan.

　　In addition, in 2018, the average outpatient drug cost (112.0 yuan) accounted for 40.9%, down 1.8 percentage points from the previous year (42.7%); The per capita hospitalization expenses (2621.6 yuan) accounted for 28.2%, which was 2.9 percentage points lower than the previous year (31.1%).

　　The population born in 2018 was 15.23 million. The average life expectancy is 77 years.

　　According to the Bulletin, the average life expectancy of China residents has increased from 76.7 years in 2017 to 77 years in 2018, the maternal mortality rate has dropped from 19.6/100,000 to 18.3/100,000, and the infant mortality rate has dropped from 6.8‰ Down to 6.1‰ .

　　In terms of newborn population, there were 15.23 million people born in China in 2018, and the proportion of two children remained at about 50%. The sex ratio continues to decline steadily. Maternal and child health services have been actively promoted, the whole-course maternity service has been strengthened, and the construction of maternal and child facilities has been solidly promoted. The allocation rate of public places that should be equipped with maternal and child facilities has reached 88.3%. (End)

　　Camellia oleifera fruit picker invented by Li Lijun team of Central South Forestry University. Photo courtesy of Zhongnan Forest

　　Changsha, December 25th (Reporter Xu Zhixiong correspondent Zou Min Zhou Ying) "Our invention has been recognized as reaching the international advanced level." On 25th, Li Lijun, Dean of School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, proudly said that this newly-developed machine can match the working efficiency of 30 laborers in the past.

　　Tea oil is as famous as olive oil, and is also called "the king of oil", which has unique nutritional value. At the same time, tea oil is also a unique oil species in China, with a history of cultivation and utilization of more than 2,300 years. However, for a long time, because Camellia oleifera grows in the mountains, tea seeds need to be picked completely by hand. "It is difficult to hire people and the labor cost is high" has become a bottleneck that seriously restricts the development of the tea oil industry, and it also directly leads to the continuous rise of tea oil prices, which makes ordinary people discouraged.

　　Camellia oleifera fruit picker being tested. Photo courtesy of Zhongnan Forest

　　Therefore, as early as 2009, the scientific research team of Central South University of Forestry and Science headed by Li Lijun began to study the replacement of manual picking of tea seeds with machines. In the past ten years, they have traveled all over the main tea-oil producing areas in Hunan, fully investigated the planting and picking characteristics of tea-oil trees, and constantly tackled technical problems and improved the prototype of tea-oil tree fruit picker.

　　In view of the characteristics of Camellia oleifera forest, such as complex terrain, random tree shape and synchronous flowers and fruits, Li Lijun team listed four kinds of Camellia oleifera fruit picking methods, made nine rounds of prototypes, broke through seven key technologies, and made a lot of prototype tests, and finally the shaped Camellia oleifera fruit picker came out.

　　"This machine not only has a smart ‘ Picker ’ It can be used for various tree-shaped operations and can walk freely in complex environments such as steep slopes. " Li Lijun said that the most important thing is that it can accurately match the energy, so as to achieve only picking the fruits without damaging the flowers or affecting the yield of tea seeds.

　　Li Lijun said that at the just-concluded evaluation meeting of "Research on Key Techniques and Equipment of Camellia oleifera Fruit Picking" held by Hunan Forestry Society, the Camellia oleifera Fruit Picker of Central South Forestry University was recognized as having solved the problems of efficient picking of Camellia oleifera fruit and less flower loss, and the technology realized independent innovation, the equipment was reliable and practical, and the research results reached the international advanced level. "We plan to use one to two years to promote the beautification, multifunction, intelligence and serialization of Camellia oleifera fruit pickers, and realize mass production to benefit the majority of forest farmers." (End)

　　Xi ‘an, June 23 (Reporter Lei Kai correspondent Zhang Weifeng Zhao Yajuan) Shaanxi Food and Drug Administration announced 10 major food safety violations today (June 23).

　　These 10 typical cases are:

　　1. Xi ‘an Guzhen Catering Service Co., Ltd. is suspected of using food additives beyond the scope.

　　Brief introduction: The brown sugar buns, steamed buns and pot helmets processed and produced by Xi ‘an Guzhen Catering Service Co., Ltd. on April 11, 2016, after sampling inspection, the aluminum residue items did not meet the food safety standards. Law enforcement officers of the Food Inspection Team of beilin district Food and Drug Administration of Xi ‘an timely conducted on-site inspection and investigation on Xi ‘an Guzhun Catering Service Co., Ltd., which really started to use baking powder in the production of brown sugar buns, steamed buns and Guo Kui in October 2015, and successively sold 4,554 unqualified products with a value of 37,936 yuan. According to the Food Safety Law, the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Provisions on the Transfer of Suspected Criminal Cases by Administrative Law Enforcement Organs, the case has been transferred to the Public Security Bureau, and the Beilin Branch of Xi ‘an Public Security Bureau has filed an investigation.

　　2. Zou’s case of producing and selling toxic and harmful food.

　　Brief introduction of the case: In the second half of 2015, Tongguan County Food and Drug Administration conducted law enforcement sampling inspection on the hot pot bottom material of Tongguan Tianle self-service barbecue restaurant operated by Zou, and the inspection results showed that papaverine was detected in the hot pot bottom material in the store. After investigation, Zou started to operate a hot pot project in Tongguan Tianle self-service barbecue restaurant in June 2014, and purchased poppy shells and added them to the hot pot base. According to the Food Safety Law, the Administrative Punishment Law and the Provisions on the Transfer of Suspected Criminal Cases by Administrative Law Enforcement Organs, the case has been transferred to the public security organs for investigation, and two suspects have been arrested.

　　3. The case that Wang mixed formaldehyde into his hairy belly.

　　Case Description: In January 2016, when the Hanbin District Market Supervision Administration of Ankang City supervised and inspected Wang’s aquatic product shop in Xing ‘an Community of Hanbin District of Ankang City, law enforcement officers used quick inspection equipment to test the hairy belly, yellow throat and duck blood on sale, and the test results were positive. The detained suspected food was inspected by Shaanxi Keyi Sunshine Detection Technology Service Co., Ltd., and formaldehyde was detected in the hairy belly. According to the Food Safety Law, the Administrative Punishment Law and the Provisions on the Transfer of Suspected Criminal Cases by Administrative Law Enforcement Organs, the case has been transferred to the public security organs for investigation and investigation, and one suspect has been arrested.

　　4, Weinan Tongguan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention unlicensed health food case.

　　Brief introduction: From April to July, 2015, Tongguan County Food and Drug Administration seized the case that Tongguan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention did not obtain the Health Food Business License to operate health food. The amount involved was 127,560 yuan and the illegal income was 5,850 yuan. According to the relevant provisions of the Food Safety Law, the Tongguan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention was given the following administrative penalties: confiscation of illegal income of 5,850 yuan; Confiscation of 868 boxes of unlicensed health food; The fine was 637,800 yuan.

　　5. Ren Mou produced and sold counterfeit "Red Bull" drinks without a license.

　　Brief introduction: In September 2015, Yulin Food and Drug Inspection Brigade seized the case of Ren’s unlicensed production and sales of counterfeit "Red Bull" drinks. In this case, a counterfeit den was destroyed, and the parties illegally produced 104 counterfeit "Red Bull", involving 10,900 yuan and 1,680 yuan of illegal income. According to the relevant provisions of the Food Safety Law, the party concerned was given the following administrative penalties: 54 counterfeit "Red Bull" drinks were confiscated; Confiscation of tools and equipment used in illegal production and sales; Illegal income of 1680 yuan was confiscated and a fine of 109,200 yuan was imposed.

　　6. Shaanxi Jinniu Dairy Co., Ltd. produced and sold infant formula goat milk powder that did not meet the national food safety standards.

　　Brief introduction of the case: On October 27th, 2015, Shaanxi Jinniu Dairy Co., Ltd. produced 900g/can of Jinbeimeiduo infant formula goat milk powder. (1) After inspection by the National Food Quality and Safety Supervision and Inspection Center, the Enterobacter sakazakii project did not meet the requirements of national food safety standards. The amount involved was 85,293 yuan, and the illegal income was 52.24 yuan. Weinan Food and Drug Administration, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Food Safety Law, ordered the enterprise to implement rectification, investigate the causes of the problems, and complete the rectification work before January 5, 2016, and imposed the following administrative penalties on the enterprise: confiscation of 1,430 cans of unqualified infant formula goat milk powder; Confiscation of illegal income of 52.24 yuan; The fine was 938,223 yuan.

　　7. The case of Xianyang Aijia Supermarket Co., Ltd. Aijia Shopping Plaza Fuyuan Store operating unqualified food.

　　Brief introduction of the case: Sanhuang chicken produced by Shandong Jinxin Meat Food Co., Ltd., which is operated by Aijia Shopping Plaza Fuyuan Store of Xianyang Aijia Supermarket Co., Ltd. on July 13, 2015, was inspected by the National Meat Food Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, and the veterinary drug oxytetracycline residue exceeded the standard. When the Xianyang Food and Drug Administration conducted an on-site inspection, all the products had been sold out. Because the enterprise can’t provide relevant certificates, records and credentials for incoming inspection, according to the relevant provisions of the Food Safety Law, the enterprise was given an administrative penalty of 80,000 yuan. The Provincial Bureau has sent a letter to Shandong Food and Drug Administration to investigate relevant enterprises.

　　8. The case that the fish fashion charcoal grilled fish shop in Xincheng District of Xi ‘an manages to produce food with recycled food as raw material.

　　Brief introduction: At the beginning of 2016, the daily supervision and inspection by law enforcement officers of the Food and Drug Administration of Xincheng District of Xi ‘an found that the kitchen of Xincheng District Fish Fashion Charcoal Grilled Fish Shop used a metal filter to filter food residues and recycle waste oil. After investigation, during the period from November 27th to December 22nd, 2015, the store processed and produced two kinds of dishes, spicy grilled fish and spicy grilled fish, for customers to eat, involving a value of 8,700 yuan. The company was ordered to rectify, and according to the relevant provisions of the Food Safety Law, the following administrative penalties were imposed on the store: confiscation of illegal income of 8,700 yuan; A fine of 100,000 yuan.

　　9. Hanzhong Yongfeng Trading Co., Ltd. sells food with production date changed.

　　Brief introduction of the case: In November 2015, the law enforcement officers of Hanzhong Food and Drug Inspection Detachment found that the red oil watercress sold in Borun Shopping Plaza in Chenggu County was suspected of tampering with the production date. After investigation, Chen Mou, the person in charge of the company, admitted to using banana oil and coding machine to wipe off the original production date of red oil watercress and put it on a new date before putting it into the market again. Due to the timely discovery, illegal food basically did not flow into the market. Ordered the enterprise to rectify, and according to the relevant provisions of the Food Safety Law, gave the company the following administrative penalties: confiscation of illegal income 18 yuan; A fine of 65,000 yuan was imposed.

　　10. The case of selling food beyond the shelf life in Saigao Shopping Plaza of Xi ‘an Renrenle Supermarket Co., Ltd.

　　Brief introduction: In December, 2015, according to the reports of the masses, when the Food and Drug Administration of weiyang district, Xi ‘an, Zhang Jiabao Food and Drug Administration was in Saigao Shopping Plaza of Xi ‘an Renrenle Supermarket Co., Ltd., it found 1 bag of crispy eggs, 9 pieces of Wangwang yellow peach and peach pulp jelly, 95 pieces of Wangwang tangerine and pineapple pulp jelly, and 26 pieces of Wangwang assorted pulp jelly. Ordered the supermarket to rectify, and according to the relevant provisions of the Food Safety Law, the company was given the following administrative penalties: confiscation of expired food; Confiscation of illegal income and a fine of 80,000 yuan.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Inspection Bureau of Shaanxi Food and Drug Administration, since 2015, the province’s food and drug supervision and management system has carried out a series of special governance activities in key areas such as meat products, edible oil, flour products, dairy products, catering and food workshops. Up to now, 11,772 illegal food cases have been put on file in the province, involving a total amount of 21.45 million yuan, 263 cases have been transferred to judicial organs, and 97 illegal food dens have been destroyed, effectively curbing the arrogance of illegal elements and purifying the food market in the province. Reporting 10 major typical cases of food safety violations is mainly to warn the majority of food and drug production and marketing enterprises and catering service units to engage in production and business activities according to law.

　　The person in charge also said that in the next step, the food and drug supervision department will continue to maintain a high-pressure situation, have zero tolerance for food and drug safety violations, and strictly investigate all kinds of violations in accordance with the law to ensure the "safety on the tip of the tongue" of the masses. It is hoped that all social sessions will actively report clues about food and drug safety violations. Once the clues are verified, they will be rewarded in accordance with the "Shaanxi Province Food and Drug Violations Reporting Incentive Measures (Trial)". You can call 12331 or report to the local food and drug supervision department.

According to the British "Financial Times" report, China’s new energy automobile giant Weilai is ready to share its electric vehicle power exchange platform technology with other car companies in a competitive relationship, and plans to build 1,000 power exchange stations overseas by 2025.

Peter, vice president of Weilai Europe, said in an interview that the company is willing to share its power exchange platform technology with other automakers and is in talks with domestic and foreign automakers on this matter. When asked whether sharing power exchange technology refers to authorization or other types of commercial agreements, Weilai declined to provide more details.

"We hope to become a participant in the high-end market in Europe by 2025." Peter said. Wei Lai believes that the power exchange mode can win the support of European consumers, and the scarcity of charging piles and long charging time hinder the demand growth of electric vehicles in Europe. The company hopes to expand the application scope of this technology by selling the power exchange system, so as to resolve consumers’ concerns about the shortage of charging piles.

Weilai has established 868 power exchange stations in China, and said that its customers have replaced batteries 7.6 million times. In January this year, Weilai opened the first power exchange station in Norway, and plans to establish 20 power exchange stations in that country. In the future, the company aims to build 1,000 power exchange stations in Europe and the United States by 2025, and increase the global power exchange station network to 5,000 by the middle of this century.

Weilai Automobile said that when the ES8 SUV model was launched in Norway, almost all customers chose to rent batteries separately, so that they could use the power exchange station. The one-month battery rental fee includes two free battery replacements. Consumers can choose a 100 kWh battery or a cheaper 75 kWh battery, which will be available later this year.

The so-called "battery replacement" means that when the battery of the new energy vehicle is insufficient, the battery that has been fully charged is replaced at the recent power replacement station, and the concept is similar to the charging method of the old mobile phone battery replacement. The average time required for changing power is less than 5 minutes, while the charging mode takes more than one hour under the condition of fast charging and 8-10 hours under the condition of slow charging.

Compared with the traditional charging mode, the power exchange mode has the advantages of shortening the charging time, prolonging the battery life, improving safety, having little impact on the power grid, sharing the pressure of insufficient charging piles, and directly reducing the cost of car purchase for users.

The fly in the ointment is that the construction cost of the power exchange network is much higher than that of the charging network. The Swedish Transport Authority published a research report on power exchange last year, which quoted Weilai’s data to show that the cost of building a power exchange station in China was 772,000 US dollars, including battery and site lease, while the cost of building a battery charging station was 309,000 US dollars.

Wei Lai said that it is currently seeking to reduce the construction cost of the power station. Sharing its power exchange platform with other automobile manufacturers can improve the utilization rate of the power exchange station, thus improving cost-effectiveness.

Operation situation of Weilai power station

In addition to Weilai, there are not many domestic enterprises engaged in power exchange services at present, and most of them are for service vehicles such as taxis, and there are only a handful of power exchange services for private cars. The main reason is that the power exchange standard has not been unified, the cost is too high, and it is difficult to make a profit in the short term.

Tesla, the global pioneer of electric vehicles, claimed in March last year that the mode of changing power for electric vehicles was "full of problems and not suitable for large-scale promotion". Tesla tried the power exchange strategy in the United States many years ago, but soon gave up the plan. Well-known car companies such as GM, Volkswagen and Renault also expressed doubts about the power exchange model.

It is reported that one of Weilai’s potential customers may be Geely’s Lotus Technology, which Weilai once invested in through its venture capital department. At the same time, Geely plans to build 5,000 electric vehicle exchange stations around the world by 2025, but has not indicated whether it will create its own platform.

In addition, later this year, Weilai will March into Sweden, the Netherlands and Germany. Among them, the model that Weilai plans to launch in Germany will be the ET7 sedan, which directly competes with the electric BMW 7 Series which also adopts the power exchange technology.

It is generally believed in the industry that home-filled piles, fast-filled piles and changing power stations will become the three main ways to replenish energy for electric vehicles in the future. According to the analysis of CICC’s research report, it is estimated that the number of power stations in China will reach 22,000-26,000 in 2025, with broad market prospects.

Contrary to the negative attitude of foreign car companies, the China Municipal Government is vigorously promoting the large-scale application of the electric vehicle replacement mode as an expansion of the electric vehicle energy replenishment mode.

In 2020, the power exchange mode was included in the category of "new infrastructure" and was first written into the "Government Work Report" of the two sessions. In the construction of new energy infrastructure, "building charging piles" is expanded to "adding charging piles, changing power stations and other facilities". By 2021, the government work report once again mentioned the need to increase facilities such as changing power stations.

In May, 2021, the world’s first national standard for battery replacement technology, Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicles, was approved and issued by the State Administration of Markets and the State Standardization Administration Committee, which specified the safety requirements, test methods and inspection regulations for electric vehicles with replaceable batteries, and it was implemented in November, 2021.

In October, 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology launched a pilot project on the application of new energy vehicle switching mode, and 11 cities were included in the pilot project. The goal is to produce 100,000 rechargeable cars by 2023 and build more than 1,000 power stations in pilot cities.

Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has issued the "Key Points of Automobile Standardization in 2022", which requires the development of standards such as on-board power exchange system, general platform for power exchange and battery pack for pure electric vehicles. Automobile manufacturer Weilai and Geely, battery manufacturer Aodong New Energy and central enterprise China Petrochemical jointly said that they plan to open a total of 24,000 power exchange stations nationwide by 2025, while the current number of power exchange stations is about 1,400.

According to Reuters’s previous report, if the China market succeeds in promoting the power exchange model on a large scale, this change may affect the business models of global auto giants such as Tesla, Volkswagen and General Motors. These brands of electric vehicles use their own patented batteries, and Tesla even only uses the company’s charging network.

Power exchange technology has always been one of the core competitiveness of Weilai’s automobile products. Sharing power exchange technology is equivalent to Tesla allowing other brands to use its super charging network. In addition to reducing the cost of power exchange, increasing market share and accelerating the global layout, Weilai’s move is to seize more voice in the upcoming power exchange industry.

　　BEIJING, Sept. 5 (Reporter Wu Tao) "Putting an elephant in the refrigerator is divided into three steps", but do you know how many steps there are to cancel the "automatic fee deduction" for an online video VIP member? Many netizens don’t even know where and how to cancel, all because the online video VIP membership routine is "full".

　　Routine one

　　Price temptation, binding "automatic deduction"

　　"One cent for membership" and "9.9 yuan enjoys exclusive price for beginners". Many online video websites have been doing this activity almost all the year round, saying that opening VIP members is cheap. Is this true?

　　The reporter learned in the investigation that when using these "preferential prices" to open VIP members, they have one thing in common, that is, they are forced to bind "automatic renewal" (or "automatic deduction"), otherwise they cannot enjoy such prices; The preferential price can only last for one month or a few days.

　　"Why set the preferential price? One is to attract new VIP members, and the other is to bind payment methods, so as to be ‘ Automatic fee deduction ’ Provide the necessary conditions. " Some senior online video member users say that every time they recharge, they are tempted by the price, so they are basically cheaper "continuous monthly subscription".

　　Routine 2

　　There is no "automatic fee deduction" cancellation service on the page.

　　After users subscribe to the "automatic fee deduction", in order to reduce the loss of VIP members, many online video websites do not set up the "automatic fee deduction" service, or the location is difficult to find. For example, in the APP member center of Mango TV, there is no way to cancel the automatic renewal on the whole page.

　　"I don’t know how to cancel VIP membership" and "It’s too troublesome to cancel". Some users said in an interview with Zhongxin. com that they must open VIP members to watch popular dramas, but they always renew their fees because they can’t cancel the "automatic deduction fee" after watching them.

　　Routine 3

　　"automatic fee deduction" deducts fees in advance

　　Some netizens believe that VIP members have not expired yet, and it is too late to cancel the "automatic deduction" when it expires. In fact, this is careless again. Many online video websites deduct fees in advance, about 1 to 3 days in advance. The specific time may be different for each enterprise.

　　Routine four

　　Members set up in the middle, and special resources will be charged again.

　　According to the data published by some online video websites, the VIP membership rate of some websites has reached more than 90%, which means that among 100 users, more than 90 people are VIP members, but when most people become VIP members, the membership rights are not so "distinguished".

　　The reporter’s investigation found that VIP members, including video websites such as Tencent Video, still need to pay extra when watching some sports programs; In some online audio-visual services such as QQ music, some music downloads, even if they are members of Green Diamond, still have to be charged separately.

　　Routine five

　　Inductive renewal fee

　　OK, just pay for special resources, but sometimes, when you click on the pop-up page to pay, it becomes a VIP member "renewal fee" instead of "purchase", and the resources you want are still not available.

　　In an interview with a reporter from Zhongxin.com, a user said that she used her member account to download songs on an online audio-visual platform, showing that she paid extra, and then a payment window popped up. "After paying, I still can’t download them. After paying for three times in a row, I found that it was renewed for three times. Finally, I found the purchase channel in a small line on the page, which can be marked prominently as ‘ Renewal fee ’ It is easy to be fooled. "

　　Routine six

　　Only payment channels that can be "automatically deducted" are provided.

　　The No.42 document previously issued by Networked Clearing Co., Ltd. makes it clear that before June 30, the direct connection between all third-party payment institutions and banks will be cut off, and banks will no longer directly provide withholding channels for third-party payment institutions.

　　The reporter noticed that Youku and others only provide payment methods that support withholding services, such as Alipay, WeChat payment or SMS from operators, and do not support payment channels that cannot automatically deduct fees.

　　Enterprise: This is an industry phenomenon.

　　The reporter contacted the relevant staff of two online video websites and got a response, saying that VIP members can meet the differentiated needs of users well, and it is not mandatory, and users can choose by themselves.

　　"As for ‘ Routine ’ This is an industry phenomenon, not just online video, including online music, online download, online knowledge payment and other fields. Many companies do this. "

　　Some users spend thousands of dollars a year.

　　Although it is not mandatory, the burden is not small for users. "I have opened Youku, Iqiyi, Mango TV, Tencent videos, and I can’t remember them. The reason for recharging members every time is probably because of popular online dramas or variety shows." The above-mentioned senior online video user said.

　　It is understood that the annual fee for VIP members of Tencent video is 198 yuan, and most of the online video VIP members are also around 200 yuan. For example, if a user has opened 10 VIP members, it will cost more than 2,000 yuan a year.

　　In addition, don’t underestimate the VIP membership fee of tens of dollars per month. According to media reports, because there are many kinds of members charging for the Internet, many users spend five or six thousand yuan on membership purchases every year.

　　How can I cancel the "automatic fee deduction"?

　　Having said that, how can the "automatic deduction" be cancelled? The reporter found that there are basically two methods. One is to provide websites that cancel automatic renewal, such as Tencent Video and Youku, which can be cancelled in automatic renewal management. But there are relatively few such websites.

　　More online video website member centers don’t have a cancel button, so they can only cancel through the purchase channel.

　　For example, if you want to cancel the "automatic deduction" for VIP members purchased through Alipay, you can find the corresponding application in Alipay My-Settings-Payment Settings-Confidential Payment/Automatic Deduction-Payment Code and Sonic Confidential Payment, and just cancel. (End)

The establishment of the "Panguo" industrial development alliance and the 2023 "Panguo" production and marketing docking conference were recently held in Panzhihua. The heads of nine member units of the Alliance Council signed a contract on the spot, and will establish an agricultural modern business model of "leading alliance, alliance with base and base with farmers" through "unified standards, unified marketing and unified brands" to promote the high-quality development of Panzhihua characteristic fruit industry and let industry subjects share the industrial development dividend.

The alliance was jointly established by the Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Panzhihua Agricultural and Rural Bureau and Panzhihua Panguo Development Co., Ltd. The first batch of 41 alliance members covered the production, processing, sales and supporting services of Panzhihua characteristic fruit industry.

The planting of characteristic fruits in Panzhihua City has reached 1.1 million mu, and the planting technology and process have initially formed corresponding standards. In recent years, the problems of scattered management, single variety and weak brand have become the bottleneck of upgrading Panzhihua characteristic fruit industry. "At present, it is urgent to build an industrial system of division of labor and cooperation in industrial links, extending the chain and supplementing the chain, transforming industrial advantages into market advantages and realizing benign and sustainable development." The relevant person in charge of the Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Panzhihua City introduced that after the establishment of the alliance, it will continuously enhance the brand value of "Panguo", and at the same time guide industry entities to strengthen cooperation, build a docking platform for production, supply and sales, optimize the allocation of industrial resources, and add momentum to the standardization, scale and intensive development of Panzhihua characteristic agriculture. (Reporter Tang Ziqing)

　　After three years in Chengdu and two years in Wuhan, the sixth Global Automobile Forum 2015 will be held in Chongqing Yuelai International Conference Center on June 9-10. With the theme of "Great Change: Restructuring the Industrial System", more than 800 Chinese and foreign professionals gathered to discuss the future changes of the automobile industry structure. The following is a speech by Li Xinqiang, Assistant to the President of Changan Automobile and Minister of Purchasing.

　　Li Xinqiang: Good host, good morning everyone! I am honored to be invited by the organizing Committee to discuss with you how to build a cooperative relationship between automobile and parts enterprises. Changan Automobile was founded in 1862, with a history of 153 years, but we have only entered the automobile industry for 30 years. At present, Changan Automobile has established R&D centers in Italy, India, the United States and Yokohama, Japan, and has more than 6,000 R&D teams around the world. At the same time, we have established joint ventures with Ford and Mazda, and have 12 production bases and 32 automobile plants around the world, and established strategic cooperative relations with world-class parts enterprises. In 2014, Changan Automobile sold 2.54 million vehicles, including 1.38 million vehicles sold by China brand.From January to May this year, 1.25 million vehicles were sold, of which 730,000 were sold by China brand.The sales of China brand of Changan Automobile ranked first in China and 14th in the world for 8 consecutive years. It can be said that Changan Automobile is not only a long-standing enterprise, but also a young enterprise. It not only adheres to the road of independent research and development, but also constantly integrates excellent global resources. It not only cultivates local parts enterprises, but also hopes to carry out in-depth cooperation with multinational parts suppliers.

　　In China, there are vehicles from Europe, America, Japan and South Korea, as well as state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. Parts enterprises also have suppliers’ management from different countries and different properties, capital cooperation based on equity, long-term strategic cooperation and some ways of full market competition. For a long time, it has been centered on the automobile factory, and has not paid attention to the voices and demands of suppliers. With the slowdown of market growth and the intensification of competition, the contradiction between suppliers and automakers has gradually intensified. Suppliers complain about low prices, frequent design changes and inaccurate plans, while automobile companies also accuse poor quality and slow response. These problems are not only found in China brands, but also in joint venture brands. The reason, I think, is that automobile enterprises still stay in the single imperative management of suppliers, lacking sufficient communication, understanding and trust with suppliers, which will inevitably reduce the synergy efficiency of supply chain and weaken the competitive advantage of products. We should change from supplier management to supplier relationship management. From single command management to double collaborative relationship. First of all, we must make clear the goal of two-way management.

　　Changan Automobile’s vision is to build a world-class automobile brand. Therefore, we should take the establishment of an internationally competitive supply system as our ultimate goal. Create an efficient China brand supply chain. The core is to cultivate a batch of supply systems that are not only excellent in ability, but also capable of serving our institute. The key is to build a two-way collaborative and sustainable system. The function of procurement has been changed. Chang ‘an headquarters is responsible for purchasing strategy and planning, while molecular companies are responsible for purchasing vehicles, transportation and implementation, and a special supplier relationship management department has been set up at the headquarters. Unified management of supplier performance evaluation relationship improvement, strategic cooperation and capability improvement. Then, the procurement process is reformed, so that suppliers can be integrated into R&D, procurement, production, sales and other links, so that suppliers are not only participants, but also co-makers of rules. Not only implementation, but also suggestions for the development of vehicle enterprises, and truly achieve win-win development.

　　It is necessary to change the management of suppliers from one-way to two-item. Changan Automobile has carried out a lot of experiments and innovations in this process. In terms of quality, in order to improve the product quality of China brand, we have formulated and published the strategy of Changan Automobile Parts, and constructed the first supplier quality ability certification standard of China brand. At the same time, we have set up SP teams in various projects of Changan Automobile to cooperate with suppliers to improve quality and improve cooperation. And work with suppliers to develop the quality standards and technology of each component. In terms of cost, the management mode of purchasing cost has been changed, from purchasing price management to whole life cycle management of parts, and accurate cost analysis of parts has been established. Guide suppliers to control the cost in all stages from design, development to mass production, and at the same time, build the first supplier cost management diagnosis of China brand to optimize the cost together with suppliers. In terms of sales, according to the logistics properties of parts, we plan in advance the suppliers that each production base will enter the industrial park and build nearby. The release mechanism of product planning and production planning has been established to guide suppliers to build property rights in advance. At the same time, efforts should be made to improve the accuracy of production planning and minimize the impact on suppliers’ production and delivery. In addition, a supplier relationship model is constructed to evaluate the cooperative relationship in a two-way way. The purpose of monitoring suppliers’ performance is to develop suppliers’ risks and guide suppliers to improve and upgrade. If the supplier is rated as high risk, it will be stopped.On the other hand, suppliers are regularly invited to evaluate automobile enterprises, mainly through high-level seminars and questionnaires. The purpose is to force the management of automobile enterprises. It is necessary to improve a management level of informatization, which must be supported by the level of informatization.

　　In 2011, Changan Automobile cooperated with Oracle Bone Inscriptions Company to realize an online management of the whole process of supplier access, selection and elimination. It not only improves the efficiency of supplier management, but also makes the procurement process more open and transparent. Implement a two-way management system of supplier relationship to support the rapid development of enterprises in many aspects. First, the ability of suppliers has been rapidly improved, from meeting the needs of our maintenance cars and economical cars to meeting the development of middle and high-class cars, supporting Changan Automobile to go out of Chongqing and lay out the strategy of the whole country. Second, the quality of our spare parts has increased at an average annual rate of 50%, which has greatly improved the quality of the whole vehicle. At present, the quality level of some models has reached or even surpassed that of the same class of cars.

　　Third, while ensuring the product quality, we should strictly control the continuous optimization of material cost and give full play to the leverage of purchasing, so that the profitability of China brand has been significantly improved. Since 2012, the supplier’s satisfaction with Changan Automobile has increased by 20% for three consecutive years, which has laid a solid foundation for the long-term development of China brand. With the arrival of big data, new energy and mobile internet, the individual needs of customers and the upgrading of products have brought more challenges to supply management. Customer-oriented, greatly improving the response speed and customer experience will be the next goal of supply chain management. Continuously improving the cooperative relationship with suppliers and forming a virtuous circle will surely make China brand cars become world-class at an early date. Welcome friends to know about Chang ‘an, enter Chang ‘an, and go hand in hand with Chang ‘an for win-win development. Thank you for your trip to Chang ‘an.

　　A COVID-19 allowed time to freeze, and at the same time, some entrepreneurs who had pressed the fast forward button revealed their true colors, which made people think. The second-hand recycling platform loves recycling, perhaps one of them. Author: Wang Qiji ━ ━ ━ ━ ━ "When the tide ebbs, you know who is swimming naked". -Buffett’s COVID-19 made time freeze, and at the same time, it also made some entrepreneurs who had pressed the fast forward button show their true colors, which made people think. The second-hand recycling platform loves recycling, perhaps one of them. The Spring Festival in 2020 seems to be a watershed, which has changed many people and may also change the fate of many enterprises in the future. On January 9, 2020, Hurun Research Institute released "2019 Hurun China Top 500 Private Enterprises", ranking 468 th in love recycling; However, before the Spring Festival, there were rumors that Zheng Fujiang, a recycling partner, left his job and his cash flow was tight. Employees who leave their jobs with love recycling said on social platforms that Zheng Yujiang chose to leave his job before the Spring Festival and love recycling. After the Spring Festival, some people in the investment circle also broke the news that they had signs of leaving. At the same time, love recycling was also revealed by employees: the company’s five insurances and one gold in January 2020 have not been paid yet. What is the real situation? GPLP rhinoceros finance conducted a verification.

　　Zheng Yujiang, president of Chuanai Recycling, left?

　　Has Zheng Fujiang retired from his job? GPLP Rhino Finance hereby calls itself for verification, but it is denied by the other party, and no further explanation is given. So what’s going on inside employees and in the investment circle? Judging from the information collected so far, everything is not groundless. On February 11th, 2020, on the platform of Love Recycling Enterprise-"Love Recycling Fresh Release" WeChat, an article called "Let’s Work Hard"
The article "Walking Against the Wind-Opening Meeting and Headlines of Love Recycling" shows that Chen Xuefeng, founder and ＆CEO of Love Recycling, and Wang Yongliang, partner and co-president of Love Recycling, all delivered relevant speeches, but only Zheng Fujiang was missing.

　　On January 22nd, GPLP Rhino Finance didn’t find Zheng Fujiang to speak in the annual meeting of Love Recycling.

　　There are indications that, as an important member of the recycling-loving senior management, even though Zheng Fujiang denied that he didn’t leave his job and love recycling, something may have happened inside this startup. According to public information, in the first half of 2016, Zheng Fujiang, a former CMO of Huawei China District, joined Airecycling. In the past four years, he has made great contributions to the expansion of Airecycling and has been loved by many internal employees. "Its internal prestige is very high," disclosed by people in the investment circle who have been in contact with recycling. It is reported that after joining Love Recycling, Zheng Fujiang once built an offline cooperation channel network of Love Recycling. According to public information, during Zheng Yujiang’s four years of love recycling, love recycling has 300 direct stores in the core business districts of first-tier cities, and besides direct stores, love recycling also has seven operation centers including Hong Kong, Shanghai, Changzhou, Chengdu and Wuhan, with a total operating area of over 40,000 square meters. According to the data released by Love Recycling, the company actually has more than 600 stores and thousands of employees in the country, with more than 1,000 employees only at the peak of the staff. It can be said that it is Zheng Fujiang’s joining that makes love recycling have the offline leg. Is it leaving now, or is it gradually fading out? Or just the job responsibilities have been adjusted? Regarding the follow-up developments, GPLP Rhino Finance will continue to pay attention.

　　Love recycling, tight cash flow?

　　An unexpected event after the Spring Festival in 2020 really surprised everyone. Similarly, this also includes love recycling. In this regard, in the internal enterprise platform of Love Recycling, "Love Recycling Fresh Release" is about "Gathering Hard Work"
In the WeChat of Walking Against the Wind, Chen Xuefeng, the founder and ＆CEO of Airecycling, said that "to live is to be strong", and the goal of Airecycling Q2 is to approach the break-even point of the group and achieve full profit in the second half of the year.

　　At the same time, Chen Xuefeng also said, "In the face of cruel figures and reality, we must make worse plans." "We carefully predict that at least in the next 3-6 months, all walks of life will face a crisis of life and death, which is far more severe than Sars in 2003. Then, can love recycling survive this life-and-death crisis and cruel figures and reality, as executives say, "live"? This will test the cash flow of love recycling. However, regarding the cash flow of recycling, it seems that it is not optimistic from the current information of all parties.

　　According to its employees who broke the news on social platforms, as of February 19, 2020, Love Recycling has not issued its five insurances and one gold to employees in January. Is this true? At present, its official has not responded. However, before it gives the goal of achieving breakeven in Q2, GPLP Rhino Finance can judge that the current love recycling has not achieved breakeven and is obviously at a loss, and the current operation should mainly rely on financing. In this regard, in "Let’s work hard"
In the article "Walking Against the Wind", Chen Xuefeng, the founder & ＆CEO of Love Recycling, also publicly stated, "Last Friday, we had clearly won the strong support of JD.COM for the first time. Therefore, there is a big tree behind JD.COM. What are we panicking about?" However, can investment institutions solve the problems of enterprises and various cash flows? I’m afraid this is a bit difficult. On June 3, 2019, Airecycling announced that JD.COM Group General Airecycling had a new round of financing and strategic integration transactions of more than 500 million US dollars, and the two sides had reached a final agreement. According to the official website announcement of the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States, JD.COM Group actually invested nearly $20 million in cash for the investment that loves recycling. Now, according to June 2019, seven months have passed. So, how much money is there in the unfunded love recycling account? Can this cash support Airecycling more than 600 offline stores and thousands of employees to survive Q1 or Q2 in early 2020? This is a problem. If the cost of employees can be controlled by layoffs that have been reported before, in front of more than 600 offline stores, it is obviously difficult to control cash flow. Just like Xinchao Media, which started to lay off employees in 2020, even though there is still 1 billion yuan in cash in its account, at the staff meeting on the first day of work, Xinchao Media announced that it would lay off 500 employees, accounting for 10% of the total number of employees, and the senior management collectively reduced their salary by 20%. So, how will love recycling spend this cash flow problem?Will love recycling save itself by cutting off the closing of offline stores and reducing wages and layoffs? I’m afraid only love recycling is clear inside. However, as of press time, the inquiry request of GPLP Rhino Finance has not been answered. In addition to cash, this sudden epidemic has actually brought thinking to startups. Does the blind expansion of offline stores conform to the strength of the enterprise itself? Put the hope of survival on the investor’s thigh, and how much continuous blood transfusion can you get when the capital market is getting colder? Put the hope of living in the hands of others, how long can you last without online traffic that can make your own decisions?

　　"God helps those who help themselves"

　　Whether love recycling can survive hundreds of offline stores safely, and the dilemma of "stopping" and lack of traffic caused by the serious lack of passenger flow at present is obviously a very big test for it in 2020.

　　The reason is not unrelated to its rapid expansion for many years, so both cash flow and its management, including its operation mode, are worthy of reflection.

　　Perhaps, love recycling has found problems and started to adjust, so the news of personnel changes came out.

　　In addition, this emergency has also taught more enterprises the most important lesson, that is, don’t be blindly optimistic, don’t be overly obsessed with the satisfaction brought about by expansion, and must have a clear understanding of their own capabilities; At the same time, it is very important to pay attention to cash flow management.

　　Regarding the importance of cash flow, Allen Zhu, a partner of Jinshajiang Venture Capital, said on February 2, 2020, "When I was still starting a business in SARS in 2003, the management only took the basic living expenses that year, and the salary was reissued after the balance at the end of the year. This year is more severe than SARS, which is a matter of life and death for many start-ups. We must strictly control the cost and keep the cash for at least 6 months, preferably 12 months, assuming that there is no income. According to this, we can calculate the cost. Live on your knees, and it will be spring in the past! "

　　Allen Zhu also said, "After the epidemic, it will take two or three months for the enterprise to recover its operational data, and it will take another two or three months for it to raise funds after data recovery, so it may take four to six months from the end of the epidemic to getting the money. Entrepreneurs must prepare for the worst, and their income will be less in the first half of the year. They must make the most conservative plan and control cash. "

　　However, it is difficult to change the matter of controlling cash in a short time. Especially when sudden events bring difficulties to a large number of offline-oriented enterprises, how much time will be left to the decision makers of enterprises? After all, the rent of 600 stores and the salary of thousands of employees are already extremely high.

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: GPLP. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

On July 22nd, in the durian planting base in Sanya Ecological Yucai District, Hainan, a batch of durians were ripe, and when they were opened, a burst of fragrance came out. According to Du Baizhong, the person in charge of the base, at present, the price of this batch of mature durian is one catty in 60 yuan, but the quantity is small, so it is only for some consumers to try it.

In this regard, netizens have speculated: What is the taste of durian in Hainan? Can everyone eat cheap and delicious durian in the future? Will the parity era of durian in Hainan come?

Is there a surprise for durian in Hainan?

"At present, the area of planting durian in Sanya Ecological Yucai District is 12,000 mu, and it is estimated that more than 1,300 mu will be listed before the end of July this year." Du Baizhong, general manager of Hainan Youqi Agricultural Co., Ltd. introduced that consumers are welcome to come to the base to taste Hainan durian.

Photo by Wang Chenglong, durian planting base in Yucai Ecological Zone, Sanya City

Recently, some consumers have "tasted" Hainan durian through online shopping booking. In a shop in JD.COM, durian with the label "fresh fruit of durian produced in Sanya, Hainan" began to be pre-sold in June. The price of 3.5-4.5 kg was 188 yuan, and the price of 7.7-8.5 kg was 358 yuan. The average price was more than 40 yuan per kg, which was not cheap. A netizen who bought durian from Hainan commented: "There are surprises when the fruit is opened, and the fruit yield is 2.5 kg-3.5 kg, with thin skin and good taste."

"At present, most of the durians circulating in the market are 70% semi-cooked durians imported from abroad. The durian in Hainan is’ cooked on the tree’ and tastes very good!" Liu Xinyuan, chairman of Hainan Rouming Agricultural Co., Ltd., who started planting durian in Ledong five years ago, is also very confident in the durian industry in Hainan.

Du Baizhong also said that the main advantage of Hainan durian is "ripe on the tree" and its quality is guaranteed. But at present, the amount of listing is still relatively small. He introduced that the company currently plans to set up sales channels in durian entity tasting shops in Beishangguang and other places, and the online e-commerce platform only attracts consumers to adopt early adopters.

How big is the durian market?

The news of the listing of durian in Hainan has attracted a lot of attention of durian powder in recent days.

Durian, a tall tropical evergreen tree of Kapok family, is native to Malay archipelago and has the reputation of "king of all fruits".

How much does China love durian? 821,500 tons, US$ 4.205 billion. This is the data that China imported fresh durian from Southeast Asia in 2021.

In 2022, durian ranked first in the amount of fruit imported from China, reaching US$ 4.03 billion, and the import volume reached 825,000 tons, nearly tripled compared with 2014; According to customs data, between 2015 and 2022, the compound growth rate of fresh durian imports in China reached 17%.

The golden pillow durian Wang Chenglong, who is about to mature in the durian planting base in Yucai Ecological Zone, Sanya City.

Although China is a big consumer of durian, durian could not be made in China before. Based on the information publicly reported by various countries, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines are the countries with large scale and high output of commercial durian in the world.

Feng Xuejie, director of the Tropical Fruit Research Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that durian has a longer growth cycle than other fruits, and it takes six or seven years from planting to fruiting. In terms of characteristics, durian is a very "picky" and "enjoyable" fruit. It must "live" in the mountains, like a warm winter and cool summer climate, grow in the lee, and the humidity should be controlled at 75% to 85%. At the same time, the planting technology requires high requirements, and various typhoon weather, pests and diseases will also affect the growth progress of durian; Because the "height" is relatively high, durian trees in their prime can grow to more than 20 meters, and the picking cost is also quite high.

Why can you grow durian in Hainan?

Hainan and durian have a deep fate. Hainan is the only tropical island province in China. Its climatic conditions are similar to those of Thailand and Malaysia, which are the main durian producing countries, and it has the inherent advantages of planting durian.

According to related books such as Records of Agriculture in Hainan Province and Records of Farming in Hainan Province, from 1956 to 1961, Hainan Farming introduced 20 species of tropical fruit trees such as durian and mangosteen from Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia and other countries in 82 batches, which were planted by four breeding stations including Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute at that time.

Photo by Maoshanwang durian Wang Chenglong, who is about to mature in the durian planting base of Yucai Ecological Zone in Sanya City.

However, due to various reasons, the durian tree has not blossomed and produced no fruit for a long time, which has created a general impression that "Hainan is not suitable for planting durian". Some durian growers also admit that in the process of planting durian, "durian is planted dead and died", which is very tortuous. Up to now, the above-mentioned Youqi Company has invested 320 million yuan to grow durian, which is a heavy investment project.

In 2015, 44 durian trees were introduced to Hainan Huasheng Ecological Agriculture Base in Sandao Town, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County, Hainan Province, and they actually blossomed and bore fruit in 2019. The news has aroused widespread concern, and it has also doubled the confidence of planting enterprises in the wait-and-see.

In recent years, with the joint efforts of scientific research teams and enterprises in Hainan, durian cultivation has made great progress.

Growers imitate the "micro-ecological environment" for durian growth abroad to improve the planting environment. The scientific and technological innovation team of tropical excellent and rare fruit trees of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences conducted appraisal and regional adaptability tests on durian variety resources, and developed corresponding fertilizer and water management technologies, cultivation models and pest control technologies.

These scientific and technological supports have enabled durian to grow up in Hainan, and also reduced the mortality rate of durian trees in the base to 2‰.

Technicians take care of the maturing durian Wang Chenglong.

At the same time, the company also invited experts from Southeast Asia to teach durian, and made continuous efforts to transform the irrigation system. At present, the durian planting base in Sanya Ecological Yucai District adopts the digital agricultural platform, which can monitor the growth of trees through sensors, start the micro-spray system when water is scarce, and make fine water replenishment in time to help durian grow.

According to the statistics of the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Department of Hainan Province, at present, the area of planting durian in Hainan Province has reached 30,000 mu.

How far is "durian freedom"?

Can planting durian in Hainan help netizens realize "durian freedom"?

Generally speaking, the "durian freedom" expected by netizens may be understood from these angles to a greater extent: First, with the increase of supply places, consumers have more channels to choose high-quality durian; Second, you don’t have to go to Southeast Asia, but you can eat durian cooked on the tree in Hainan.

From the global durian supply side, since the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) came into effect on January 1, 2022, consumers have more and more channels to choose durian. Thailand is a major supplier of fresh durian in China. In July last year, the General Administration of Customs of China issued an announcement to allow the import of Vietnamese fresh durian that meets the relevant requirements; In April this year, Philippine durian entered China for the first time through Nanning Airport.

From the supply and demand side of durian in Hainan, according to the relevant data provided by Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the area of durian that can blossom and bear fruit in Hainan this year is about 2,000 mu, and the estimated output is 50 tons, which is far from the customs statistics that the import of durian in China has reached more than 800,000 tons. Even after several years, durian has grown to 100,000 mu or even 300,000 mu, which still cannot meet the domestic market demand.

Therefore, it is not easy to realize "durian freedom" in price in the short term. A consensus in the industry is that in order to realize the industrial cultivation of durian from the source, it is necessary to cultivate new varieties suitable for local cultivation.

At present, scientific research institutes and enterprises in Hainan have established a gene bank of durian seedling living germplasm resources, combining local varieties and foreign varieties for grafting and domestication, and durian varieties with independent intellectual property rights in Hainan are expected to appear in recent years.

In the future, in order to cultivate durian industry in Hainan, it is necessary to do a good job in variety cultivation, variety screening and key technology research and development under the organization and guidance of the government, give full play to China’s advantages in technical equipment and cultivation technology, explore durian varieties with Hainan characteristics, further enrich the "fruit plate" of Chinese people, and let more consumers experience the "happiness of durian". (Fu Renyi)