Text | Yang Dongping

At present, the involution of China’s education system has two remarkable characteristics. First, it is holistic and universal, and all classes are anxious. Second, involution begins at the child’s young age, and sinks from the primary school stage to the kindergarten. In fact, it corresponds to the school selection competition between "young to small" and "small to early". This competition for choosing schools has a long history, and it is becoming more and more common and competitive.

To this end, we should consider why there is such a serious education involution, school selection competition, or "academic arms race". For this problem, there are many people inside and outside the education circle who have explained it, and I think it is not particularly perfect.

First, the misunderstanding of the causes of involution in education

College entrance examination system

Because of the existence of the college entrance examination system, competition is inevitable and increasingly fierce. Does this statement make sense? I think it is not very reasonable.

In the early 1990s, the admission rate of college entrance examination was very low, but the students who experienced the "post-70s" and "post-80s" in that era knew very well that the students at that time did not have so much make up lessons, and there was not so much pressure. Students could play games and have a rest during winter and summer vacations and holidays. At present, the admission rate of college entrance examination has exceeded 90% in many provinces. Why has the educational opportunity increased and the competition become more intense? Therefore, the statement that "the college entrance examination is triggered" does not make sense.

Shortage of quality education resources

Another popular saying is "the shortage of quality education resources". Because quality education resources are always in short supply, everyone should compete to enjoy the best resources.

This statement is also specious. In the last two or three decades, especially in the last ten years, have quality education resources increased or decreased? There is no doubt that it has increased. Has the number of students increased or decreased? Generally speaking, it has been greatly reduced. With the popularization and development of compulsory education and the development of higher education, quality education resources are increasing and students are decreasing, but the competition for admission is more intense. Is this a simple resource problem?

The influence of traditional values

Some people say that this is because the core value of China’s more than 1,000-year-old imperial examination education tradition is to be an official and be a master. In the current educational competition, we have particularly rationalized this "traditional value" and think it is natural. In fact, after the May Fourth Movement, the values of getting ahead and being a human being have been severely corrected. For example, Mr. Tao Xingzhi’s ideas of life education and civilian education are all correcting this "elitist" educational value.

Everyone should be a qualified citizen, a self-reliant, healthy and happy person, which was still popular in the 1960s. At that time, the saying was "one red heart, two preparations", and people often said "three hundred and sixty lines, the best in each line", but they didn’t concentrate all their lives on one thing, and they didn’t say that they were going to college. Therefore, due to tradition, it doesn’t make sense.

One-child policy

Another explanation is the one-child policy. Because there is only one child, every parent regards his child as a genius, and he must go to college and a famous university. Does this factor exist? There is no doubt that it exists, and it can be said that it has a great influence on parents’ educational choices.

As we all know, in the era of many children, many urban families had three or four children, and there were more in rural areas. At that time, after a round of natural selection, that is to say, every parent knows exactly what his children are suitable for-those who are naughty and like to fight, send them to the army; Honest and honest, stay at home and farm for the elderly; Those who like to settle accounts go into business. One or two of the four or five children in a family may like reading and studying, so parents let such children go to school. In the case of the only child, this choice disappears. Parents do everything possible to let their children receive the so-called best education.

However, the author thinks that the one-child factor should not be exaggerated, because the one-child policy has been implemented since the 1980s, and the deterioration of educational ecology and the involution of education have only suddenly intensified in the last decade, especially in recent years. Obviously, there are other factors at work.

Middle class anxiety

Others say that this is caused by middle-class anxiety. Because of the emergence of the middle class in the past decade, the "status panic" of the middle class is particularly serious, so I put a lot of energy into the competition for further studies and joined the "academic arms race."

It is also a basic fact that middle-class families are anxious, or that middle-class families and white-collar families pay more attention to education. But when we look back at other Asian countries, are their middle-class people not anxious? Japan and South Korea are calm-mainly referring to the compulsory education stage, while primary schools and junior high schools are still calm.

For example, in South Korea’s compulsory education, every student enters the school nearby, and there is no need for parents to pick him up. The author has investigated that many Korean parents have two criteria for choosing schools in the compulsory education stage: first, they are close to home; Second, the food is good, and a meal is taken care of at noon. This is tantamount to not choosing a school. South Korean primary school students also have extra-curricular classes in the afternoon, but mainly in the aspects of sound, body and beauty, that is, the study of art, and a small part of them are studying English. In the compulsory education stage in Korea, competitive learning and training are strictly prohibited, and there is no exam.

To sum up, although there are factors such as college entrance examination system, middle-class anxiety, and one-child policy, these factors are background, holistic, or will exist for a long time, and are not the direct cause of the sharp deterioration of educational ecology in the last decade. The author believes that the reason is that the balanced development of compulsory education has not really been realized.

Second, where is the crux of involution in education?

Balanced development of compulsory education

Up to now, parents and public opinion in China, including many administrators, principals and teachers, have not really established the concept of "balanced development of compulsory education".

Many people think that learning means competition and elimination, that is, competition at the starting line of life. In fact, this is not the case at all. Compulsory education is a basic human right determined by the state in legal form, and it is a guaranteed education. Because it is a guaranteed and basic education, it is non-selective, non-elimination and non-competitive. The policy of free, exemption from exams and admission to the nearest school is to reflect this value and protect the educational rights of every student. Compulsory education is not competitive, and strong competitiveness and elimination violate the basic value of compulsory education. These problems need to be set right and said frequently.

If all schools are similar, of course, it is most reasonable to choose the school closest to home, which is also the basic reality of compulsory education in most countries in the world. The bounden duty of primary school students is to play games, grow up healthily, exercise and have an outing, instead of taking academic competition as their main mission.

In 1986, China promulgated the Compulsory Education Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), which set the goal of balanced development of compulsory education. A few years ago, all parts of the country were accepting the balanced development of compulsory education, and almost all places passed the acceptance. In other words, the goal of balanced development of compulsory education has been achieved from the perspective of the administrative department, but in reality, as long as there is competition for school selection, as long as there are school districts and key schools, it shows that there is still a long way to go for balanced development there. In every big city in China, the competition for choosing schools is very serious, and the fundamental reason is that there is a big gap between schools.

What needs to be discussed is that according to the national policies and decrees, the goal of balanced development of compulsory education has been put forward for so many years, why can’t it be balanced?

Influence of management inertia

There is a historical reason here: in the early 1950s, the state established the "key school system" for primary and secondary schools (compulsory education system was not established at that time), and the key school system was conducive to rapidly training professionals for industrialization. At that time, a small percentage of primary and secondary schools all over the country were designated as key investment and key construction schools, and their task was to cultivate top-notch talents and deliver talents to the higher-level schools. The value of this kind of education is completely different from that of compulsory education, and it has a strong elite education attribute.

In 1986, after the country promulgated the Compulsory Education Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the key school system was abolished, but it has been implemented for such a long time. Everyone has an inertia. The local education administrative department and even the local government always feel that there should be several excellent schools as models to drive most other schools. This is a usual management thinking, but it goes against the significance of compulsory education implementation. As a matter of fact, there are still key schools in disguise all over the country, and their resources and school-running conditions are much better than other schools, among which the most prominent is the strong teaching force of special-grade teachers and senior teachers.

Balance between students, financial resources and teachers.

How to achieve a balanced development between schools is clearly the balance of three "sources": students, financial resources and teachers. In the final analysis, this is a question of whether we can really administer and teach according to law.

First of all, why emphasize compulsory education to enter the school nearby? Just to balance the students’ sources. If students with so-called high scores are gathered in a school in a "pinching" way, schools cannot be balanced. The balance of students is guaranteed by entering the school nearby.

Secondly, in terms of financial resources, the allocation of education funds should be balanced, and it is not possible to favor one over the other. The balance of financial resources can now be basically achieved, because the per capita funding and per capita funding are roughly the same for each school. But in fact, key schools have many other channels, that is, special funds, so the resources are still much better than ordinary schools. After so many years of construction and development, on the whole, the gap in hardware of compulsory education schools has been relatively small, but what parents value in choosing schools is not the gap in hardware, but mainly the resources of teachers. In other words, the balance of teachers has not been fully achieved today, or even started.

The Ministry of Education has also issued a document on the flow of teachers, requiring all compulsory education schools to carry out the flow of teachers. It was first promoted in the 1990s, but the implementation was not satisfactory.

It is suggested that the relevant regulations should be clarified, and teachers must move for four years and principals for five years. The flow of teachers is not fixed in a school. As you can imagine, its educational quality and educational quality are relatively balanced.

School system and the design of school system

In the dimension of educational equity, is it pinching, pulling out the best and cultivating the best? Or are they all excellent and promote the balanced development of compulsory education? These are two completely different policy choices. It is a great pity that most cities in China have basically gone to the road of "elitism", which aims to build key schools and top talents.

Some people also say that the college entrance examination is a baton, because there is a college entrance examination, so it can’t be balanced. That’s not the truth. The college entrance examination is a baton, but the school system is the chassis of the education system. That is to say, this chassis is designed to be balanced? Still have obvious inclination or tendency? The regional education ecology caused by the two designs is very different. The author suggests that in the future, an important direction of education reform is to reform the public school system so that it can truly achieve balanced development in accordance with the requirements of the compulsory education law.

Home-school relationship

School education and family education should have their own division of labor, their own places and boundaries.

In the process of improving the educational ecology as a whole, parents are a key factor. The current problem is that the relationship between home and school is too close, which transcends their respective boundaries: parents can interfere with the teaching behavior of the school to a certain extent, while teachers transfer the responsibility to let parents be teaching assistants. At present, the relationship between school and family is extremely close, and the school keeps in touch with parents by using WeChat group. Many WeChat groups have become parents’ flattery groups. This relationship between home and school is very distorted.

Some teachers use communication tools such as "home-school communication" to create anxiety, and evaluate and compare students: today, a certain student got an "excellent" and a "little red flower". The implication is that parents who don’t get the "little red flower" weigh it themselves. Therefore, in the Internet age and the information age, how to build and maintain an appropriate home-school relationship is a great proposition. In my opinion, not many of us have a say in this question: to what extent is the relationship between home and school appropriate?

I asked a teacher in Taiwan Province about this, and he said, "We don’t have such things as home-school communication. Teachers are professional jobs, and not every parent can interrupt; We don’t need to ask for their opinions in our educational activities. We do it according to our guidelines. " In other words, there is a distance between school and family, and they should not be closely linked all the time. The teacher also said: "We will send a notice to parents when we have something, and we will send a notice when the parents will hold a meeting, that’s all." There is no need to deal with parents all the time, otherwise it will bring great interference to the school-because everyone can understand the parents’ mentality. If every parent releases his opinions to the school, the school will be unbearable and the school’s educational behavior will be deformed. The school has transferred the responsibility of teachers to parents and asked parents to be teaching assistants. The school also has great problems. "

In educational theory, three different kinds of education (school education, family education and social education) have their own functions, and each has its own place or boundary. Family education has its own unique function, which is not to help schools score or help teachers correct their homework. So, what is its function? It is to discover children’s unique talents, specialties, interests and hobbies, and then encourage children to discover and realize themselves.

Why do American schools finish early in the afternoon and finish at about 1: 30? A teacher in the United States said on this issue: "We must give family education the necessary time, and we must not let school education take up all the students’ time, because the school faces dozens of children, and teachers can’t pay special attention to them personally-this is the responsibility of the family; When parents face their children, they should complete the mission of family education, discover their unique self, and encourage and cultivate their specialties and interests, so that they can embark on a road of self-development. " This is the division of labor between family education and school education in the United States.

Third, prevent the involution of education

Establish a correct educational concept

Today, the whole society is permeated with an extremely utilitarian concept: going to school is to get into a good university. No matter what educational level parents are, it seems to have become a matter of course.

Recently, the "general-vocational ratio" in high school has attracted much attention. It is not a new policy to keep the ratio of general education to vocational education at 5∶5. It was put forward in 1980s, and it has been done for many years. This involves the understanding of the function and importance of vocational education.

Although in China’s traditional concept, there will be "only reading is high" and "those who work hard govern others, and those who work hard govern others", a country’s education must adapt to its economic, market and industrial structure. In other words, this society always needs enough people to enter the economic and professional fields and become technicians or professional talents.

There is a set of data in the Education at a Glance 2018 released by OECD, which reveals the proportion of students who choose vocational education in senior high schools in some European countries (mostly in 2016): Finland 71%, Germany 70%, Netherlands 69%, Switzerland 65%, Austria 58% and Italy 56%. That is to say, in developed German departments and Nordic countries, the proportion of choosing vocational education in high school is quite high, far exceeding 5∶5.

People are born different, some people have strong practical ability, some people have artistic talent, and those who are suitable for studying, I think, account for only a small proportion of the world population. Therefore, it’s not that the high popularization rate of colleges and universities can really produce a lot of top-notch talents, but whether these people really have heartfelt hobbies and enthusiasm for this subject and this major, and they have specialties. Higher education has been popularized in developed countries in northern Europe, and the proportion of vocational education in high school is as high as 70%. Of course, higher education in these countries is universal, and everyone can go to college. Why is the proportion of vocational education in high school still so high? This is going to talk about a very basic problem, that is to say, if students are allowed to choose by themselves, I think many students are not necessarily willing to choose academic and research-oriented jobs, but are willing to choose operational and skilled jobs that suit their own characteristics, and attending ordinary high schools instead of receiving vocational education is, to a certain extent, the choice of students at the request of their parents. A good education should enable everyone to find the career they really love, not as a short-term and utilitarian stepping stone.

We have also seen some tragic events in which master’s degree and doctor’s degree in some universities went to a dead end because they couldn’t write papers. The reasons here are very complicated, but I think one of them is reluctance-these people may not be good at academic work by nature, and you forced them to hold on for so many years, and in the end they were very painful and even miserable. Not only in the academic field, but also in the art field.

There is a very interesting phenomenon: in the mid-1980s, Chinese students began to participate in the international mathematical olympiad in senior high school, and there were also many gold medal winners, once a year. The accumulated number was very large, but after several decades, where did these gold medal winners go? Not everyone is doing scientific research, but many people are doing real estate and stocks. The junior class of the Chinese University of Science and Technology, which aims at cultivating top-notch innovative talents, was held in the late 1970s. Up to now, it has trained about 2,500 graduates, of which less than 20% are engaged in scientific and technological work, others are in all walks of life, and many are bosses.

Therefore, a good education should let everyone find something that they are really interested in and passionate about, and move towards self-realization, instead of taking education as a stepping stone, a utilitarian tool, especially a short-term utilitarian tool. If you want a diploma from a prestigious school, it is irresponsible and a waste of youth.

The faster the modern society develops, the faster the career changes, and the "iron rice bowl" will be broken.

Therefore, with regard to vocational education, we should see that on the one hand, there are social needs, on the other hand, a considerable number of middle school students are indeed suitable for these skilled and hands-on jobs.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the number of take-away riders has been expanding. There is an academic record about the full-time riders of Meituan: junior high school accounts for 34%, senior high school accounts for 29%, technical secondary school accounts for 17%, junior college accounts for 16%, and bachelor degree or above accounts for 4%. In that case, those with a junior college degree or above account for 20%. How to interpret this data? The author believes that these riders are self-reliant. In the case of employment difficulties, they gave up the face of so-called academic qualifications and chose to support themselves and their families by their own labor. It is very important for a person with higher education to have this spirit.

In addition, it also tells us that professional life is changing. You don’t necessarily have to do what you have learned, and the more modern the society, the faster the career changes. These riders will not be riders all their lives, and they may turn to new fields in the future.

Therefore, we should have a new understanding of the profession, don’t think that engaging in manual labor is inferior, and make all-round preparations for the uncertain future.

Education should focus on cultivating ability and improving happiness.

If we have a forward-looking and transcendental outlook on the future, we will know that it is not so terrible not to go to a prestigious school. What is terrible is that students have no hobbies or specialties.

Therefore, we can understand why the proportion of high school students choosing vocational education is so high in Nordic countries and German-speaking countries. It’s not just because the income of various industries in these countries is relatively balanced-driving a truck and being a repairman are paid the same as a professor. Equally important, many students are not interested in doing research, but are willing to do some jobs that they can control and have a sense of accomplishment, including opening snack shops and flower shops, which can both enjoy themselves and support themselves.

The young generation’s professional outlook and new social needs are changing. What parents need to do is not to kidnap their children’s choices and their future with their stubborn vanity, and give them a free space to grow up and let them do what they like. Only when a person uses the corresponding space to do what he likes can he get happiness in life and do better.

We have been in the stage of universal education for a long time, so our educational values or the goal of school education is to take knowledge and academic qualifications as important goals. We judge a person by whether he has a high school diploma or a college diploma, a bachelor’s degree or a junior college degree. Now, high school education is popular. Among the school-age people aged 18-22, 54.4% have studied in universities, that is to say, more than half of them have entered universities and entered the stage of "popularization of higher education". With the decrease of new-born population and the advent of the era of fewer children, it may become easier and easier to go to college in the future.

In this case, what is more important than academic qualifications? The past is the pursuit of ability, from knowledge-based to ability-based, the pursuit of Excellence, the pursuit of success, success is more important than academic qualifications. But today, we can take a step forward. What is the evaluation of a person’s real success in the Internet age and learning society? It is happiness. Being able to get happiness in life-this is the highest goal of education.

Zhou Guoping, a contemporary writer, once said: What is happiness? Happiness is to find something you like to do and turn it into your career. If you do what you like for eight hours, you are certainly happy-you will be happy within eight hours. There is also a second aspect. Find a person you like and live with him (her), then you will be happy in 8 hours and 24 hours. Should this be the really important goal of our education? Especially for family education, parents should not force their children to pursue rankings or prestigious school degrees, but take their children’s life safety, health and happiness, and finally achieve happiness as the most important goal. If we can establish such values and take happiness as our goal, many behaviors today will be improved. In other words, to respect and trust children to a greater extent, to let children create a world of their own, to dare to take risks, to dare to explore, to dare to enter different fields, and to experience their own future, is the education closer to the goal of happiness.

(Source: Primary and Secondary Education)

Original title: Yang Dongping: Where is the crux of involution in education? 》

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　　Anti-epidemic experience makes citizens accustomed to mobile phone registration and isolated escort.

　　Wuhan opens the "appointment mode" for medical treatment

　　In the post-epidemic era, these tips have been added to the outpatient halls of hospitals in Wuhan. Changjiang Daily reporter Tian Qiaoping photo

　　The prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19 has entered a normal state. The need of preventing and controlling epidemic situation in hospitals and more than three months’ anti-epidemic experience have changed Wuhan people’s medical habits and ways: isolated escort, patients staying for several days, and escorts staying for several days; The registration window is not registered, and the mobile phone computer is hung at any time; Go to the hospital according to the appointment time, without waiting for a long time; Scan the code before you can enter the clinic. After a temporary passage, your temperature will be measured … …

　　Make an appointment to register and see a doctor by time.

　　The crowding of the past is gone.

　　When he got home from work on June 29th, Mr Qi found a rash on his 3-year-old son’s thigh. At 9: 50 pm, he hung up the ordinary number of dermatology department from 8: 00 to 9: 00 the next day on the WeChat WeChat official account of Wuhan Children’s Hospital. At 7: 56 the next morning, I parked my car in the hospital parking lot. Mr. Qi signed it on his mobile phone and took the elevator to the dermatology department on the fifth floor of the outpatient clinic. At 8: 16, the doctor finished seeing the child.

　　According to an interview with Changjiang Daily reporter, at present, some hospitals take 1 hour as a time period, some take half an hour, and more precisely, 15 minutes. According to the scheduled time period, some report to the hospital half an hour in advance and some take 15 minutes in advance.

　　Before the outbreak, the health administrative department of Hubei Province stressed the need to implement online appointment, and asked hospitals to achieve the goal of putting 85% of the source online. "Now 100% of our numbers are online." Li Gang, director of the outpatient department of tongji hospital, said that with the strengthening of the prevention and control of epidemic normalization and nosocomial infection, the hospital paid more attention to it, and hoped that the crowd in the hospital would not be too concentrated.

　　Wuhan is in the rainy season, with high temperature and humidity, which is a period of high incidence of skin diseases. At this time, the dermatology department of Wuhan First Hospital was crowded. On the afternoon of June 29, the reporter saw here that people who had finished seeing the doctor kept coming out of the consultation area, and the past congestion disappeared. Every 15 minutes, a group of patients with appointment time will be put into the waiting area, and the patients will sit around in the huge waiting area.

　　Isolated escort

　　Ward order is better and safer

　　During the epidemic period, all hospitals in Wuhan require patients and their accompanying families to do COVID-19 nucleic acid test, serological antibody and chest CT before hospitalization. All negative results can be used for hospitalization. After being admitted to the hospital, the patient and the accompanying staff were asked not to leave the ward.

　　57-year-old Ms. Tao and her daughter Xiao Chang have just returned home from the department of nail and breast surgery of Union Medical College Hospital. The mother and daughter lived together in the hospital for 7 days, with their daughter undergoing thyroid surgery and their mother accompanying them.

　　"The experience of this hospitalization is completely different from my own hospitalization in 2015, because I am not allowed to visit and limit the number of accompanying people. The ward is quiet all day, which is more conducive to my daughter’s rest after surgery." My daughter lives in a three-person ward, and a surgical patient can only be accompanied by one person. There are six people in the ward. Ms. Tao remembers that when she was doing gynecological surgery in this hospital in 2015, the patient’s family next to the hospital bed came with three escorts. They chatted during the day and slept in the rented recliner at night. The ward was very noisy and crowded.

　　After the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, the hospitals in the city are still implementing a strict escort system, which is also based on reducing the chances of cross-infection in wards and controlling the risk of infection. According to Chen Hong, the head nurse of the maternity ward of Central South Hospital, the implementation of the ward escort system in the post-epidemic era "makes the hospital more like a hospital".

　　For a long time, in addition to the maternal husband, there are also experienced seven aunts and eight aunts who give birth to children in the hospital and take care of the "mother and son" in the ward. At present, only one person can accompany them, and most women choose their husbands to stay in the ward.

　　Isolated escort not only reduces the number of caregivers in the ward, but also purifies the ingredients. Due to the strict entry and exit system in the ward, people who used to send leaflets, recommend products and petty theft in the ward could not get in at all, and the ward was more orderly and safer.

　　Complete streaming when registering online.

　　Layers of pre-triage separate infectious diseases from common diseases.

　　Do the patient and his entourage have symptoms of fever, cough and fatigue? Have patients and their accompanying staff been in close contact with patients with fever or respiratory symptoms in areas with serious epidemic situation abroad or in communities with reported cases in China within 2 weeks? Are patients and their accompanying staff in close contact with patients who have been diagnosed or suspected in COVID-19 within 2 weeks? When you open the WeChat WeChat official account registration in Wuhan Children’s Hospital, the first thing that pops up is such a screening. The operation is extremely simple, just tick after yes or no.

　　Hua Yun, director of the outpatient department of Wuhan Children’s Hospital, said that this is the COVID-19 epidemiological survey option that the hospital added to the registration system after the normal diagnosis and treatment. Only when these three items are "No" can you enter the registration interface. By filling in this option, the patient screens himself first.

　　On June 16th and 29th, the reporter visited the outpatient department of Wuhan University People’s Hospital twice. When patients come here to see a doctor, they need to be triaged three times. For the first time, I went to the temporary shed outside the clinic to take my temperature, and I received a temporary medical treatment form with the number I got online, and waited here according to the subject. At the time of seeing a doctor, when the patient enters the outpatient hall, he should also take his temperature and show his health code; The third time, the patient went to the waiting room of various departments, and also needed to take his temperature and show his health code. Once a fever patient is found, someone will guide him to the fever clinic. Three times of pre-triage can not only find out the patients with fever, but also effectively divert the patients.

　　In the past few days, the reporter visited tongji hospital, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, People’s Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan Fourth Hospital and Wuhan Children’s Hospital, and saw that all hospitals had moved the pre-triage gate originally located in the hall to the outside of the hospital gate.

　　Before seeing a doctor face to face, take your temperature and show your health code at least twice. Before hospitalization, patients and their families need to take chest CT, take throat swab and draw blood. Do Wuhan people accept the increased medical procedures due to the epidemic?

　　The reporter asked 20 patients and their families in the outpatient and inpatient departments of the above hospitals. Most of them said that they could understand and adapt. "As long as they can deal with COVID-19, the trouble doesn’t matter!" Liu Jun, a 66-year-old critically ill patient, told reporters. The interviewed clinic directors and head nurses all expressed the hope that some good practices born during the normalization of anti-epidemic can become routine practices.

　　(Changjiang Daily reporter Tian Qiaoping correspondent Chen Wang Yu Wei Gao Xing)

Original pediatric doctor Yan　

In order to guide the vaccination before the arrival of influenza season, since 2018, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention has routinely issued the Technical Guide for Influenza Vaccination in China around September every year.

Reading this year’s guide, you will find that the vaccination dose of infants aged 6 months to 35 months has been greatly updated. I hope parents of children of this age will pay attention.

Here, I would like to introduce the changes in the relevant contents of the new and old guides.

(▲ the old guide of 2022-2023. IIV: inactivated influenza vaccine; LAIV: live attenuated influenza vaccine)

The old guidelines require that children aged 6 months to 35 months should be vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine at a dose of 0.25ml (half dose).

However, this year’s new guideline (2023-2024) does not mention the vaccination dose in the diagram, and other contents have not changed significantly.

In the schedule of the new guidelines (below), the basic information of different influenza vaccines in China is listed in detail. Among them, the tetravalent influenza virus split vaccine produced by Shanghai Institute of Biological Products and Shenzhen Sanofi Pasteur Bio requires 0.5 ml (full dose) for people over 6 months old.

That is to say, if the children are between 6 months and 35 months old, if they are vaccinated with tetravalent influenza virus split vaccines from these two manufacturers this year, they will be vaccinated with 0.5 ml at a time; If it is the first time in his life to get the flu vaccine, he needs to get 2 doses (4 weeks apart).

(▲ Part of the instructions for the tetravalent split vaccine produced by Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, which I inoculated myself)

In fact, the whole dose (0.5ml) inactivated influenza vaccine for people aged from 6 months to 35 months has been used in the United States, the European Union, Britain, Canada and other countries, as well as China and Hong Kong.

Multi-country and multi-center clinical trials, including China, show that the immune response of full dose (0.5ml) of Ivv4 to all antigens is better than that of half dose (0.25ml) of Ivv4, and it may improve the protective efficacy of younger children against influenza B..

The 2023-2024 recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children issued by the American Academy of Pediatrics also mentioned that full-dose IIV4 can be used for people over 6 months old.

(▲ Page 26 of the new guide for 2023-2024)

Therefore, this year, the new guidelines of China CDC also keep pace with the times, suggesting that people aged from 6 months to 35 months can be vaccinated with a full dose (0.5 ml) of tetravalent inactivated influenza vaccine, but it is still limited to the tetravalent influenza virus split vaccine produced by Shanghai Institute of Biological Products and Shenzhen Sanofi Pasteur Bio.

Original title: "Where is the most important update of this year’s influenza vaccination guide? 》

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　　The 2021 "Shengshi Collection" free cultural relics appraisal activity ushered in the sixth event of the year at the Shenzhen Cultural Heritage Protection Center on the afternoon of October 20th. The event was jointly organized by Shenzhen Cultural Heritage Protection Center (Shenzhen Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology), Shenzhen Publishing Group Co., Ltd. Asset Operation Branch, Shenzhen Business Daily "Cultural Square" and Shenzhen Collection Association.

　　The theme of this activity is ceramics and miscellaneous things. Guo Xuelei, a miscellaneous expert and deputy director of Shenzhen Museum, and Tamia Liu, a ceramic expert and former researcher of Shenzhen Cultural Relics Management Office, were invited to treasure for Tibetan friends and explain the cultural relics knowledge on the spot.

　　At the event site, Mr. Ma, a senior Tibetan friend, brought a group of five treasures of porcelain. It was identified as Xibayao porcelain in Southern Song Dynasty, with complete shape and Gu Zhuo glaze color.

　　Tamia Liu, an expert on cultural relics, said that according to textual research, Xiba Kiln started in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, flourished in the Song Dynasty and declined in the late Ming Dynasty, which is the largest group of ancient kiln sites found in southwest China so far. Guo Xuelei, a cultural relic expert, also said that Xiba Kiln, as a wonderful work of black glazed porcelain in Sichuan, has made indelible contributions to the inheritance of history and the promotion of culture, which has filled the situation that there is no large-scale black glazed porcelain in the southwest of China’s ancient ceramic history.

　　At the appraisal site, in addition to this group of Xibayao porcelain in the Southern Song Dynasty, Tibetan friend Mr. Zhang’s "Qingganlong Guangcai Opening Character Plate" and Tibetan friend Luo Sheng’s "Qingganlong Landscape Character Blue and White Finger Banzhi" have also been affirmed and loved by many Tibetan friends and experts. (Source: Shenzhen Business Daily)

　　CCTV News:At present, the rescue and relief work for the earthquake of magnitude 6.0 in Yibin, Sichuan Province has entered the fourth day. In Changning and Gongxian, Yibin, various rescue forces, social forces and the people in the disaster areas continued to carry out life-and-death rescue, which not only saved lives, but also helped the survivors through the most difficult days after the disaster.

　　After the earthquake, the reporter of CCTV Finance’s "Economic Half-hour" rushed to the earthquake-stricken area for the first time and recorded many moving people and events. At this moment, the reporter was in the core area of the epicenter and sent a first-line report on the earthquake-stricken area.

　　At 22: 55 on June 17, an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 occurred in Changning County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province, with a focal depth of 16 kilometers. Since then, the aftershocks in Yibin have continued.

　　After the earthquake, the People’s Liberation Army, the Armed Police Force and the Emergency Management Department were ordered to assemble quickly, and rushed to the epicenter in the starry night to carry out rescue and relief work.

　　Braving the aftershocks, the rescuers drilled into the gap of 40 cm floor 15 or 16 times, just for a fresh life!

　　Half an hour after the earthquake, the Sichuan Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps started the secondary response mechanism, and the Yibin Fire and Rescue Detachment sent 13 fire engines and 63 firefighters to the epicenter for rescue.

　　At 23: 30 on June 17th, the first rescue team, Changning County Fire Rescue Brigade, arrived at the scene. Almost at the same time, the Luzhou Fire Rescue Detachment, which is closest to Yibin, urgently assembled 9 cars and 52 people and began to go to the earthquake site.

　　At 2 am on June 18th, Sichuan Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps mobilized 10 detachments from Yibin, Chengdu Zigong and Luzhou, and 116 vehicles and 526 people rushed to the epicenter to carry out rescue.

Fire and rescue personnel arrived at the scene.

　　At about 23: 30 on June 17th, Changning County Fire Rescue Brigade first arrived at Grape Village, Shuanghe Town, near the expressway. The rescue immediately started urgently, and eight team members were assigned to a completely collapsed house for search and rescue.

　　As can be seen from the aerial picture on June 18th, the first floor of a row of brick houses has completely collapsed due to the earthquake, and was completely covered by the second floor. According to local villagers, there were originally three families here, all of whom were relatives.

Collapsed row brick houses

　　During the rescue on the evening of 17th, Songjiaba Squadron of Changning County Fire and Rescue Brigade temporarily recruited excavators from the construction site not far away, cleaned up the ruins in the early stage, and finally found a girl trapped between the floors.

Fire and rescue workers entered the ruins for search and rescue.

　　While rescuing, the rescuers shouted to stabilize the mood of the trapped people. In the middle operation point, the trapped girl is very inconvenient to work because she is buried by multiple layers of mulch. Firefighter Nie Guangxing can only plane by hand. In this process, at least three aftershocks occurred, and Nie Guangxing always insisted on not coming out. He knew that time was life for the trapped people, and Nie Guangxing chose to save the trapped people first.

　　At about 40 am on June 18th, Nie Guangxing successfully rescued the girl from the ruins under the relay of the girl’s father, and the firemen carried her out of the ruins.

The trapped girl was rescued from the ruins.

　　The trapped girl was a 15-year-old girl who had just finished the senior high school entrance examination. After being rescued, she was quickly taken to the local hospital in Changning. In the hospital bed, the girl said this.

Rescued person Qin Yuqin

　　Villagers of Group 8, Putao Village, Shuanghe Town (rescued personnel) Qin Yuqin: "Without them, I might really not be able to persist. I think I might be dead long ago. They are really not afraid of danger. In the case of aftershocks, they risked their lives to save me. I am really grateful to them. "

　　At 1: 24 am on June 18, another trapped person was successfully rescued.

The trapped person was rescued.

　　The rescue against the clock is still going on. At 00: 42 am on June 18th, Yibin City Fire Rescue Detachment was still carrying out a more difficult rescue operation. In Development East Street, Shuanghe Town, Changning County, the floor of a three-story building was damaged and fell to the second floor. A trapped person was sandwiched between floors with a width of only 30 cm. It is a very difficult thing to save people quickly and safely.

　　Zhao Guangdong, squadron leader of Yanjiang Road Squadron, fire rescue detachment, Yibin City, Sichuan Province: "The situation is particularly complicated, which is also the most special situation I have encountered in many rescues."

The trapped people were buried in a 30 cm floor sandwich.

　　Zhao Guangdong quickly organized fire rescue workers to clean up the wood rubble buried in the mezzanine, while preparing to use a jack to expand the 30-cm floor mezzanine by 10 cm. The only feasible solution is to use this 40 cm space to rescue the trapped person.

　　40 cm is a height that even turning over is difficult to achieve. With a firm belief in saving people, fireman He Jian moved forward bit by bit and finally climbed to the trapped person’s side at about 2 am. At this time, the trapped person had been held down by the floor for more than 2 hours, and the voice of communication with the rescue team members became smaller and smaller.

He Jian climbed into the floor sandwich to start rescue.

　　While rescuing the trapped people, the aftershocks continued. He Jian was pulled out again and again and climbed in again. Finally, after nearly 15 or 16 efforts, the trapped people were finally successfully rescued at 4:19 in the morning and were quickly and safely transferred to Yibin Second People’s Hospital.

　　Earthquake placement in an orderly way: an open-air cinema with hot rice charging treasure

　　The rescue team braved hardships and saved lives with wisdom and courage. By 1: 00 noon on June 19th, Sichuan Emergency Fire Rescue Corps had 526 people from 10 detachments, rescued 20 people trapped in 18 rescue points and evacuated 731 people. Also on June 19th, the Ministry of Finance and the Emergency Management Department urgently allocated 100 million yuan from the central natural disaster relief fund to Sichuan Province to support the earthquake relief work of Changning, Sichuan, with a magnitude of 6.0, and to help local governments ensure the basic livelihood of the affected people.

　　At noon on June 19th, 5,000 tents, 10,000 folding beds and 20,000 quilts that had been urgently dispatched by the Emergency Management Department had been distributed to the affected people. In the resettlement site of Shuanghe Middle School in Changning, Yibin, Sichuan, rows of tents were set up on the playground, and nearly 1,500 affected people were placed here. Near the evening, the officers and men of the Armed Police prepared hot meals and hot dishes, and the affected people lined up in front of the security point.

Shuanghe high school resettlement Dian

　　In addition to the basic living security, a mobile charging treasure was prepared intimately at the resettlement site. In order to enrich the cultural life of the people in the disaster area, an open-air cinema was also opened here. Although there will be small-scale aftershocks from time to time, life in the whole resettlement site appears orderly.

　　At 1: 00 am on June 20, due to the weather forecast, it will rain that day to prevent waterlogging at the resettlement site. Firefighters and rescuers all went out again and dug drainage ditches extending in all directions throughout the playground. At this time, in the tent next to them, it was the affected people who fell asleep peacefully. They may not know that in order to let them have a good sleep and a hot meal, there are countless people who are silently dedicated like firefighters and rescuers, sharing their worries and escorting them.

The firemen dug drains.

　　On the first market day after the earthquake, Fumin Street in Shuanghe Town was full of traffic. If it weren’t for some earthquake relief vehicles passing by from time to time, it’s hard to imagine that a 6.0 earthquake just happened here.

Fumin steet

　　Going to market is an important day for many towns in Sichuan, although there are still many storefronts facing the street, which are dangerous because of the broken wall and cannot be opened. However, this does not prevent everyone from putting their booths on the street by the roadside. Business needs to be done and life needs to be lived.

　　Half-hour observation

　　After the earthquake, the State Council of the CPC Central Committee attached great importance to it, and General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important instructions, demanding that all efforts be made to organize earthquake relief, giving priority to search and rescue personnel and rescuing the wounded, and minimizing casualties.

　　June 21st is the 4th day of the "6.17" Yibin Changning earthquake, and the earthquake rescue work in the disaster area is still in full swing. At present, the problem of emergency water supply in disaster areas has been basically solved, and the living security of the affected people has been basically realized, with food, water, clothing, temporary safe shelter and medical treatment.

　　Living is hope, which is our common belief in the face of catastrophe. We believe that with the cordial care of the CPC Central Committee and the strong efforts of the people in the disaster areas, it will be able to restore its new vitality and vitality as soon as possible.

Stills of Beating One of Our Own.

Stills of Beating One of Our Own.

Stills of Beating One of Our Own.

　　Zheng Xinyi’s screen debut "Beat One of Our Own" premiered this week. The day before yesterday, she made an official appearance in the second episode, playing a newcomer in a hurry. Although this role is very comic, Zheng Xinyi doesn’t want to take the comedian route like her mother Shen Dianxia. The audience is very concerned about Zheng Xinyi who wants to be Hua Dan, and the discussion on the Internet is extremely fierce: "YiYipai" thinks her performance is too exaggerated and suggests her to "lose weight"; However, "Ting Yi Pai" thinks that as a newcomer, her performance has been good and should be affirmed.

　　[Character Reveals]

　　Zheng Xinyi plays Yu Yueer throughout the play. Although she is not the first heroine, she plays an important role. What kind of person is she in the play? What will happen? Our reporter is here to reveal the secrets for readers in advance-

　　● Confused "pistachio"

　　"Fat Sister" Shen Dianxia is called "Pistachio", and her daughter Zheng Xinyi’s first TV role is also "Pistachio" type-the "Yu Yuer" she plays is a trainee assistant in the sales department of fashion magazine Chao, and she is a newcomer with low position and junior qualifications in the whole office. Anyone can direct her, and she is a confused, unconfident and flustered girl. As soon as she appeared, she screwed up a few things, and even failed to make coffee. She was reprimanded by her senior Si Sushan (Jin Yanling) as "I don’t want to see your’ pig-like’ again".

　　● A "love maniac" with good heart.

　　On the other hand, Yu Yuer is kind-hearted and full of longing for love. She lived alone with her brother Jiasheng (Li Yaoxiang) since she was a child. She was not confident and relied too much on her family. Jiasheng sent her to study abroad, hoping to cultivate her ability to live independently.

　　Yu Yueer, who is studying abroad, tasted love for the first time, gave up her studies for her boyfriend, and secretly followed her boyfriend back to Hong Kong without telling Jiasheng. In order to make a living, she moved to work in Tide. One day, a new boss came to the sales department, which turned out to be Jia Sheng, and the two brothers and sisters became a fire and water because of misunderstanding. Yu Yuer decided to go against Jia Sheng and insisted on staying in the magazine. In the office with many men, Yu Yuer often mistakenly thinks that male colleagues are interested in him, so she makes many jokes.

　　[Netizen’s reaction]

　　In the past, Zheng Xinyi often encountered all kinds of "saliva" on the Internet, but her efforts gradually changed netizens’ views on her. Although her participation in the drama "Bi" was controversial, the evaluation was not one-sided.

　　[Top Maintenance]

　　One of the producers of this drama is Ceng Lizhen, the former friend of Fei Jie and the director of TVB drama department. She not only gave Zheng Xinyi an important role similar to Female No.2, but also asked her to lead the theme song "No One is Perfect". Ceng Lizhen tried her best to defend Zheng Xinyi, and she thought that she could give Zheng Xinyi 80 points: "The biggest shortcoming of her (Zheng Xinyi) is that her Chinese pronunciation is not good, and there is still room for improvement." Luo Zhenyue, another producer, also stressed that Zheng Xinyi is a new actress, so don’t be too demanding of her, and the positioning of the role given by the crew is biased towards her own personality characteristics: "Overall, she played well, and her sense of comedy is very strong."

　　[Xinyi self-assessment]

　　When his acting skills were criticized, Zheng Xinyi admitted that he was not used to filming at first, but gradually found his state, and tried "zero NG" many times, so he could call it a day early. For NG, she said that newcomers will definitely go through this stage. "This shows that the director has given me more opportunities to perform better." Zheng Xinyi said that the role of "Yu Yuer" is very similar to her own. She belongs to a girl who is "a little stupid, more helpful and more busy, and likes gossip", so the performance is relatively smooth.

　　Regarding the producer’s claim that she has a "sense of comedy", Zheng Xinyi said happily: "I don’t know if I really have the comedy talent of my mother (Shen Dianxia), but some elders said that my voice and some small movements are very similar to my mother." After the series was broadcast, Zheng Xinyi said that he was psychologically prepared to accept opinions from all sides: "I will accept fair criticism and gradually improve, but I hope netizens will not make offensive criticisms."

　　bullet

　　She should lose weight.

　　Before, some media visited the studio, referring to Zheng Xinyi’s "exaggerated acting skills", frequently NG; After her official appearance, many netizens also agreed with the "grandiose" evaluation. One netizen named "loathe" said that she was "pretending to be cute", while another netizen named "sanchoi" said: "I can’t stand her manners and tone of voice most, which is very artificial." Some netizens pointed out that although Zheng Xinyi has been trying to lose weight, from the screen, she still looks a little fat: "If she takes the comedian route like her mother, it’s fine; But she wants to be a Hua Dan, and I think she has to lose weight. "

　　praise

　　I can see that I am very attentive.

　　Some netizens think that as a newcomer, Zheng Xinyi’s performance is acceptable. A netizen said on the official TVB forum: "I can see that Zheng Xinyi is very hard-working, and I believe she can be a good actress." A netizen named "ADA" said: "I think Zheng Xinyi has done a good job. It is ok to act for the first time. I hope I can give her more opportunities and not just criticize all day." Some netizens pointed out that Zheng Xinyi’s performance this time is of true colors, and the leisure music she plays is simple in personality and comedy type, which is "acceptable" at present. Our reporter Chen Minghui.

Editor: Li Dan

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The body size of BMW i4 is 4785mm*1852mm*1455mm, and the wheelbase is 2856mm. The side lines of the car are smooth, showing a dynamic design style. Equipped with tyre size with front 245/45 R18 and rear 255/45 R18, the rim style is both sporty and elegant, providing excellent handling experience for drivers.

The interior style of BMW i4 is centered on the simple and advanced design concept, creating a driving space full of sense of science and technology and luxurious atmosphere. The steering wheel made of leather not only feels outstanding, but also supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth to meet personalized driving needs. The center console is equipped with a 14.9-inch high-definition touch screen, which supports voice recognition control system, and can easily control multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioning, making driving more convenient. There are also a variety of interfaces in the car, including USB and Type-C interfaces, which are convenient for passengers to charge various devices. The front seats are made of high-quality imitation leather, genuine leather or fabric/suede materials, and the main and auxiliary seats support multi-directional adjustment and heating functions, providing drivers and passengers with the ultimate comfortable riding experience. In addition, the front row is equipped with wireless charging function, which is convenient for you to charge your mobile phone at any time.

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As a multi-functional vehicle, pickup truck plays an important role in both commercial and personal fields.

There are many well-known pickup brands in the market, which are famous for their high quality, reliability, durability and excellent performance.

The following are the top ten pickup brands on the market at present.

1. pickup truck

As one of the largest pickup truck manufacturers in China, Great Wall pickup truck is highly praised for its reliability and functionality.

The Great Wall pickup truck not only has excellent off-road performance, but also has high bearing capacity, which is suitable for all kinds of work and outdoor activities.

Great Wall pickup truck is recognized by consumers for its reliability and durability.

The pickup truck model of this brand has excellent off-road performance and bearing capacity, and can cope with various work needs and outdoor activities.

2.

Jiangling pickup truck is one of the leading pickup truck brands in China market, which is widely recognized for its economy and reliability.

Jiangling pickup truck has powerful power system and spacious container space, which is suitable for business and home use.

Jiangling pickup truck is favored for its economy and reliability.

Jiangling pickup truck has solid chassis structure, powerful power system and spacious container space, which is very suitable for business and home use.

3.

As a joint venture subsidiary of Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. in China, the pickup trucks produced by Zhengzhou Nissan are well received for their excellent quality and excellent performance.

Zhengzhou Nissan pickup truck pays attention to driving comfort and safety and is equipped with advanced technology configuration.

Zhengzhou Nissan takes the lead in the market with its excellent quality and excellent performance.

Zhengzhou Nissan’s pickup truck models pay attention to comfort and safety, coupled with advanced technology configuration, providing consumers with excellent driving experience.

4.isuzu

Jiangxi Isuzu is a production base in China, and its pickup trucks are famous for their high quality and durability.

The model of Jiangxi Isuzu is not only suitable for commercial needs, but also suitable for personal cars.

As an old automobile manufacturer, Jiangxi Isuzu pays attention to the quality and durability of its pickup trucks.

Jiangxi Isuzu’s pickup truck model not only has a high market share in the commercial field, but also is deeply loved by individual users.

5.

SAIC Datong is one of the manufacturers of heavy commercial vehicles in China, and its pickup trucks are widely praised for their high efficiency, energy saving and excellent handling performance.

SAIC Datong pickup truck pays attention to the sense of space and driving comfort, and is suitable for long-distance travel and commercial use.

As a heavy-duty commercial vehicle manufacturer, SAIC Datong’s pickup truck model is famous for its high efficiency, energy saving and excellent handling performance.

The model design of SAIC Chase pays attention to the sense of space and comfort, which is very suitable for long-distance travel and commercial use.

6.

Jianghuai pickup truck is deeply loved by consumers for its economy and reliability.

Jianghuai pickup truck has excellent loading capacity and low fuel consumption, which is suitable for various transportation needs.

Jianghuai pickup truck is sought after by consumers for its economy and reliability.

Jianghuai pickup truck has excellent loading capacity and low fuel consumption characteristics, which can meet different transportation needs.

7. Futian pickup truck

Futian pickup truck is a brand owned by China commercial vehicle manufacturer.

Futian pickup truck enjoys a high reputation in domestic and foreign markets with its stable performance and durability.

As a brand owned by Foton Motor, Foton pickup truck enjoys a high reputation in domestic and foreign markets.

Futian pickup truck has excellent stability and durability, which can meet various work and business needs.

8. Chang ‘an Kaicheng

Changan Kaicheng pickup truck is a sub-brand, and its models are favored for their atmospheric appearance, practicality and safety performance.

Changan Kaicheng pickup truck is suitable for personal and commercial use.

Changan Kaicheng pickup truck is favored for its atmospheric appearance, practicality and safety performance.

The models of this brand are suitable for personal and commercial purposes, with good performance and driving experience.

9.

ZTE has attracted attention for its unique design style and excellent handling performance.

Pickups focus on innovation and personalization, and are suitable for young consumers and business users.

ZTE has attracted the attention of many consumers with its unique design style and excellent handling performance.

ZTE pickup truck is innovative and personalized, which can meet the needs of young consumers and business users.

10.

Radar pickup truck is an emerging brand in China market, which has gradually won the favor of consumers with its diversified models and good performance.

Radar pickup trucks are constantly innovating in design and technical configuration, and are committed to providing a better driving experience.

As a new brand, radar pickup truck has gradually emerged and won the favor of consumers with its diversified models and excellent performance.

Radar pickup is constantly innovating in design and technology, and is committed to providing a better driving experience.

These top ten pickup brands all play an important role in the market, and each brand has its own unique characteristics and competitive advantages. These brands can provide high-quality pickup trucks for both commercial and personal use.