"Uncle, Happy New Year to you!" On the fourth day of Lunar New Year’s Day, in Xiaowangzhuang Village, Jiuyuan Town, Fugou County, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, Yang Xiao, who returned home from other places for the New Year, pushed open the door and said loudly.

　　"I haven’t seen you for a year, and I’m handsome again!" Wang Zhiping accepted the annual gift. "I know that you will get home at 11: 30, and the last hot dish has just been served, so you can open the table."

　　Yang Xiao was puzzled. How could he know the arrival time hundreds of kilometers away? It turned out that the 10-year-old son used his mobile phone to open the positioning function on the road and shared his position and route with his uncle.

　　"Now every village has access to the Internet, and everyone has used smart phones. Mobile payment and webcasting can be seen everywhere in rural areas." Wang Zhiping said and took out his mobile phone. "Look, the 5G network is very smooth."

　　Nowadays, scientific and technological innovation has made the Spring Festival a diversified fashion. With the arrival of the Spring Festival, Shi Yanyan’s family WeChat group, a resident of Tongqiu Street in Fugou County, has also become lively. Everyone has sent New Year greetings to each other in the group and shared their joy.

　　"Many relatives and friends have made short videos of New Year’s greetings, which have different styles and are very human." In the view of Shi Yanyan’s family, it is more convenient to convey love and blessings through the Internet, and the taste of the year remains unchanged.

　　On the first day of the first month, before dawn, Shi Yanyan got up to prepare meals for her family. After breakfast, the family will pay New Year greetings to distant relatives and friends through WeChat videos or phone calls.

　　"Now, the ways for people to send blessings in New Year are more diversified. Some people choose to send friends, some choose to send WeChat, and others choose video to pay New Year greetings. Using’ Cloud New Year greetings’ saves time and effort and conforms to the trend of the times." She is keen on the Internet to celebrate the New Year.

　　In addition to short videos to celebrate the New Year, online shopping for new year’s goods has also become a new year custom for young people. "Relatives who spend the New Year outside, as long as the mobile phone places an order with one click, can eat hometown specialties without going back to their hometown, warming their stomachs and warming their hearts." Shi Yanyan said that the changes in the way of purchasing new year goods also reflect the changes and progress of the times.

　　With the development of modern science and technology, New Year customs such as "cloud reunion", "cloud gathering", "cloud entertainment" and "cloud shopping" have sprung up, showing a different flavor of the New Year.

　　"Flexible use of science and technology means, free up creative talents, create a high-quality holiday atmosphere, and technological innovation makes the annual taste stronger." The relevant person in charge of the Fugou County Government said. (Reporter Wang Shengxi)

　　□ Our reporter Wang Chun

　　□ Our correspondent Wu You Jiang Jie

　　Recently, the Education Bureau of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province issued an announcement on soliciting opinions on the implementation measures for the withdrawal mechanism of teachers in primary and secondary schools (kindergartens) in Ningbo (draft for comments). The core essence is "to quit the teachers who fail to take up their posts, fail to pass the examination, violate the teachers’ ethics or are incompetent (insist) in teaching posts for other reasons."

　　A stone stirs up a thousand waves. The solicitation of opinions triggered a heated discussion in the society. Many netizens commented that this move would break the tenure system and teachers would no longer be "iron rice bowls".

　　In fact, this move by Ningbo Education Bureau is not the first, and several withdrawal situations mentioned in the opinion draft are those who have long been qualified as "unqualified teachers’ morality" by the Ministry of Education. At the same time, the opinion draft puts forward that "strictly implement the system of prohibiting criminals from working, purify the campus environment and effectively protect minors", which is an extension and landing of the idea of "Opinions on Implementing the System of Prohibiting Working" issued by the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Ministry of Education.

　　The reporter of "Rule of Law Daily" noticed that building a firewall of rule of law for the healthy growth of minors is an area deeply cultivated by the procuratorial organs in Ningbo in recent years. Its joint education, public security and other departments have implemented detailed relevant systems, forming a strong synergy to protect minors in the city.

　　Pre-query of illegal behavior

　　Intercept potential risks on campus

　　In the exposure draft, the reporter saw: "Teachers who are punished by public security management or sentenced to punishment according to law for sexual assault, abuse, trafficking, violent injury, indecency, drug abuse, prostitution, whoring, gambling and other illegal and criminal acts that may endanger students’ physical and mental health should be dismissed by the school."

　　The basis of this work is the "Inquiring Methods of Criminal Records of Sexual Offences of Employees in Close Contact with Minors in Ningbo" (hereinafter referred to as "the Measures") issued by Ningbo Municipal People’s Procuratorate in December 2019 in conjunction with 12 units including Ningbo Communist Youth League Committee, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Intermediate People’s Court, Municipal Education Bureau and Civil Affairs Bureau. The Measures was formally implemented on January 1, 2020.

　　The "Measures" propose that close contact with the minor industry includes units, organizations and institutions that have special responsibilities such as guardianship, education, training, rescue, nursing and medical care for minors; Industry personnel include teachers, trainers, coaches, nurses, doctors and other staff who have special responsibilities directly to minors, as well as other staff who are in close contact with minors to facilitate their work.

　　According to statistics, since the implementation of the Measures, Ningbo has inquired about nearly 130,000 people, including on-the-job teaching staff and teachers of training institutions, and found that 12 people have criminal records. The procuratorial organs in Ningbo issued procuratorial suggestions to functional departments and adopted them, effectively blocking the potential risks of campus safety and promoting the improvement of campus safety prevention and control construction.

　　In May, 2020, the People’s Procuratorate of Yuyao found that one of the 23 new recruits who applied for employment in a school in Yuyao had an administrative punishment record for molesting students.

　　After preliminary investigation, Yuyao City Procuratorate immediately obtained its administrative punishment decision, personal resume, application registration form and other related materials, and quickly found out that the person had been administratively punished for molesting two underage girls during his tenure at a school outside Yuyao City.

　　"After discovering this clue, in view of the problem that the education authorities failed to revoke the teacher qualification certificate in time after the person was administratively punished, we issued a procuratorial suggestion to the Ningbo Municipal Education Bureau through the Ningbo Procuratorate, suggesting that it urge the education bureau of a certain district in Ningbo to revoke the teacher qualification certificate of this person." The prosecutor in charge said that at the same time, clues were transferred to the problem that the public security organs imposed too light administrative punishment on the personnel. At present, the person was sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment according to law for child molestation.

　　Implement the mandatory reporting system

　　Build a protective wall for students

　　In a case of alleged indecency recently handled by the People’s Procuratorate of Xiangshan County, Ningbo City, the suspect was prosecuted and the class teacher was held accountable for failing to fulfill the mandatory reporting system.

　　One day in March 2022, five female students from a primary school in Xiangshan County walked into a nearby police station to report that they had been molested by their teacher Hu Moumou. The juvenile prosecutor of Xiangshan County Procuratorate quickly rushed to the police station and intervened in the case in advance.

　　From the facts told by the female students, the prosecutor caught that the class teacher and the school where she works may have failed to fulfill the compulsory reporting obligation, and guided the public security organs to seize the obscene written materials written by the victims at the first time. After finding out the facts, Xiangshan County Procuratorate filed a public prosecution against Hu Moumou for allegedly molesting children, and the court sentenced him to 12 years in prison.

　　Although the case has been completed, the prosecutor’s physical and mental protection for minors has continued. On March 24th, Xiangshan County Procuratorate issued a procuratorial proposal, urging the education department to give corresponding punishment to the teachers who failed to fulfill the compulsory reporting obligations and the schools where they work, and requiring the education department to include the implementation of the compulsory reporting system in the annual assessment of schools. The rewards and punishments must be clearly defined in the detailed rules and the relevant responsibilities must be implemented to people. The education department attached great importance to the procuratorial proposal, specially convened a party committee to discuss the matter, adjusted the assessment indicators of the school’s developmental management by objectives within one week, and added "schools that did not incorporate the mandatory reporting system into the assessment indicators of the management by objectives, and implemented a one-vote veto system in the annual assessment" in the "veto item".

　　At the initiative of the procuratorial organs, all the teachers and staff of primary and secondary schools in Xiangshan County signed a total of 9142 letters of commitment to fulfill the obligation of compulsory reporting, ensuring that the compulsory reporting system was implemented. In May 2022, the Commission for Discipline Inspection and the Education Department respectively imposed disciplinary and political sanctions on the relevant responsible personnel.

　　In response to the social management loopholes in the protection of minors found in the handling of cases, Xiangshan County Procuratorate, together with the county public security bureau and the county education bureau, issued the "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Compulsory Reporting System for Infringement of Minors in Xiangshan County (for Trial Implementation)", taking "three aspects (full investigation of the compulsory reporting of sexual assault cases, full coverage of the signing of the commitment letter of the compulsory reporting system, and full inclusion of the compulsory reporting system in the assessment)" as the starting point, to promote the implementation of the compulsory reporting system and build a protective wall to prevent minors from being infringed.

　　Go into the campus and strengthen the popularization of law

　　Improve the quality and effectiveness of judicial protection

　　In Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, there is an unchecked team of "Seven-color Flowers". At present, seven members are all women, and they strive to bloom and dispel the haze in children’s hearts.

　　Starting from the physical and mental characteristics of minors, the "seven-color flower" unchecked team pioneered a one-stop place and case-handling mode of "integration of prosecutors and police and cooperation between prosecutors and doctors" in the country. The environment of the "one-stop" protection workstation for minors in the hospital is secret and warm, and the resources of all parties are fully utilized to realize the one-time inquiry, evidence collection and inspection of minor victims, so as to avoid "secondary harm".

　　In March, 2021, Ningbo Procuratorate, together with seven units including Ningbo Insurance Office, Municipal Public Security Bureau and Municipal Health and Health Commission, explored the mode of "cooperation between doctors and prosecutors", using the law enforcement case management center of public security organs to open up special case-handling areas, designate special case-handling personnel, implement special rescue teams, and complete the inquiry, physical examination and psychological counseling of underage victims in one stop. At present, the city has built nine "one-stop" protection centers for handling cases.

　　The procuratorial organs at the two levels in Ningbo adopt the principle of minimum tolerance and maximum protection against minors, and accurately and effectively punish crimes against minors. According to statistics, since 2020, the procuratorial organs in Ningbo have approved the arrest of 505 suspects and prosecuted 646 people.

　　At the same time, the procuratorial organs in Ningbo went into the campus to popularize the law and enhance the awareness of the rule of law among minors.

　　It is reported that 178 procuratorial police officers, including 11 chief procurators, have been employed as vice presidents of the rule of law in the procuratorial organs of Ningbo City and conducted publicity on the rule of law. Since 2021, more than 622 lectures on the rule of law with various forms and rich contents have been held online and offline, covering more than 210,000 parents of teachers and students, which has enhanced the concept of the rule of law of teachers and students at school.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Ningbo Procuratorate, Ningbo has conscientiously implemented the "No.1 Procuratorial Proposal" in the procuratorial work of minors, and under the guidance of the concept of maximizing the interests of minors, it has paid equal attention to handling cases, supervision, prevention and education, combined punishment with assistance and education, organically integrated protection, education and control, and continuously promoted the two-way, comprehensive and comprehensive judicial protection of minors. At the same time, it has adhered to the combination of specialized handling cases and socialized protection, and actively promoted the systematic support of social support.

According to foreign media reports, NASA said that five asteroids will pass by the earth in the future, and one of them may be very close to the earth. It is reported that the smallest diameter of these asteroids is only 8 meters and the largest is 90 meters, and lular distance from the Earth will be as short as five distance to the moon.

Image source network

A distance to the moon refers to the distance between the earth and the moon, which is about 238,900 miles (384,000 kilometers). It sounds like a long distance, but it is a very close distance in the vast space, and they will pass by the edge of the earth. Fortunately, the closest asteroid to the earth this time is smaller in diameter and will not pose too much threat to the earth.

Where are the asteroids?

Asteroids are celestial bodies in the solar system that move around the sun like planets, but are much smaller in size and mass than planets. Most of them are influenced by the gravitational force of the sun and Jupiter, and they gather in the asteroid-intensive area between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. According to the statistics of 120,437 asteroids that have been numbered, this hotbed of asteroid "life" is composed of more than 500,000 asteroids. So many of them are called "main belt" and many people are used to calling it "asteroid belt".

Figure: Asteroid belt

The so-called "near-earth asteroids" can be understood very well just by looking at the literal meaning. "Near-earth" means that their orbits are very close to the earth, and they are a special group that deviates from the main belt.

Dangerous asteroid

According to analysis, only asteroids with a diameter of more than 140 meters and a minimum distance from the Earth of less than 0.05 astronomical unit (about 7.4 million kilometers) will be included in the list of dangerous asteroids.

According to the latest release of the website of the International Asteroid Center, researchers have discovered 1,640 "potentially threatening near-Earth asteroids" through global joint survey.

History of asteroid impact on the earth

As early as 65 million years ago, dinosaurs, a large animal that dominated the earth for 150 million years, suddenly disappeared. Astronomers speculate that there are two possible reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs: first, the explosion of supernovae, which is equivalent to about 10.24 hydrogen bombs, led to the extinction of dinosaurs; The second is asteroid impact. In 1978, American astronomer Luis Alvarez speculated that an asteroid hit Iceland, and this impact was equivalent to the energy of 1 trillion tons of TNT. Such a violent impact led to the disappearance of dinosaurs.

In addition, on June 30, 1908, a huge flash of light lit up the sky in the Tunguska River Basin in Shiquan, krasnoyarskiy kray, Siberia, followed by a violent explosion equivalent to 1,000 atomic bombs. A mushroom-like cloud of smoke soared 12 miles into the sky, and the scorching air billow swept the vast Taiga forest one after another, and hundreds of square kilometers of forest were destroyed in the explosion. This famous explosion was the Tunguska Big Bang.

Photo: Tunguska Big Bang data

In addition, according to the latest research report of geoscientists from the Australian National University (ANU), at least three asteroids with a diameter of 20-50 kilometers collided with the earth 3.2 billion years ago, which greatly changed the structure and elemental composition of the earth’s surface.

In recent years, scientists predict that an asteroid named Apophis will pass by the Earth in 2029 and hit the Earth in 2036. If it hits the earth, it will generate energy equivalent to the explosion of 110,000 atomic bombs, which is equivalent to the instantaneous destruction of the whole city of new york and its surrounding areas. If it hits the ocean, it will cause a devastating tsunami, which is more violent than the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.

Apophis is one of nearly 800 potentially threatening asteroids known to astronomers.

Prevent collision and defend the earth

In order to cope with this possible impact, some people put forward a plan to destroy asteroids with nuclear weapons. However, all the accumulated nuclear weapons on the earth are only enough to blow up an asteroid with a diameter of 9 kilometers, and they have to hit the center accurately. In addition, the consequences of a nuclear explosion in the universe are unpredictable.

Therefore, people are also considering other plans to deal with asteroids, such as using lasers or lead ingots. NASA is going to lure Apophis away with a "gravity trailer" when it flies to the Earth in 2029. When the asteroid passes near the Earth in 2029, it only needs to launch a "gravity trailer" spacecraft weighing about 1 ton, which can change the orbit of this asteroid. According to astronomers’ calculations, Apophis will slightly change its orbit when it flies over the earth this time, but when it returns again in 2036, the possibility of colliding with the earth is very small, only 1 in 5,000.

Although the speculation about the extinction of dinosaurs makes the prediction of the impact of asteroids on the earth scary, with the development of science and technology, from not knowing what asteroids are to accurately understanding and then boldly predicting, the progress of civilization makes us believe in the power of science, and there must always be a perfect way to deal with this "uninvited guest".

The pictures and texts are produced by Popular Science China, and are authorized to be published in the column "Learning Science with Xiaobian" of CCTV. Please indicate the source for reprinting.

Produced by: Tianjin science and technology hall Xu Wen, Beijing Normal University Zhang Tongjie.

Producer: computer network information center