Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 28th Title: Well-known enterprises "fall down when they say it", and virtual cards become new "slots" — — Re-investigation of prepaid card consumption chaos

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Yang

　　"Beauty, what about swimming and fitness?" I believe many people have heard of similar "strike up a conversation". Merchants use various discounts to attract you to spend money on cards, but once you pay for it, you may fall into a ring-by-ring routine … …

　　According to the reporter’s investigation, as an emerging business model, prepaid card consumption is favored by many businesses because of its convenience and benefits. However, the deep-seated reasons, such as the blind spot in the prepaid card filing system, light punishment and imperfect credit information system, have led to frequent chaos and repeated prohibitions in this field, and some well-known enterprises are also involved.

　　Well-known enterprises "say it, but they will fall", but they are still applying for new cards when they can’t pay.

　　"If you come to apply for a card today, you can enjoy the lowest price, buy it for two years and get it for one year!" In March this year, Mr. Gao spent 2,700 yuan on a three-year fitness card in Beijing Haosha Fitness Jinsong Store.

　　However, after the May 1 ST, this well-known chain gym has had problems such as the cancellation of group exercises, the closure of swimming pools, the disconnection of power and hot water, and the failure of equipment without maintenance. "Seven out of 10 treadmills are broken, and the front desk still shows ‘ Direct entry without swiping the card ’ Brand. " A member told reporters.

　　Even so, the gym is still selling cards. According to members’ memories, on May 6th, Xiaoli, a salesman, was still soliciting guests in a circle of friends. Later, according to another salesperson, in March this year alone, the store’s sales reached more than 500,000 yuan.

　　The gym can’t be used normally, and many members have proposed to return their cards. However, Mr. Gao found that the contract said, "This is a special card, and it can’t be returned." After rummaging through his pockets, he realized that he didn’t even give the payment receipt and invoice. Mr. Shan, the operation manager of the gym, said: "The company has no money and can’t refund the fee."

　　According to the national enterprise credit information publicity system, "Beijing Haosha Jianli Fitness Service Co., Ltd." on the official seal of the membership card agreement was listed in the business exception list of the industrial and commercial departments on April 30 this year, and its shareholder Haosha Ai Ya (Beijing) Fitness Service Co., Ltd. was also listed in the business exception list on March 20. The reporter called the company’s reserved phone number several times, but never contacted the senior person in charge.

　　Relevant sales staff of Haosha Jinsong Store revealed that due to the break of the company’s capital chain, some stores in Beijing will be closed.

　　The relevant person in charge of Shuangjing Industrial and Commercial Office of Chaoyang Branch of Beijing Administration for Industry and Commerce told the reporter that the industrial and commercial department is negotiating with Haosha Fitness to solve related problems. Haosha Jinsong Store will be taken over by other companies, but this company can only provide services and cannot handle the refund problem. If you really need a refund, it is recommended to go to court as soon as possible.

　　Small enterprises are the hardest hit areas for complaints, and virtual cards become new "slots"

　　The "Analysis of Complaints Accepted by National Consumers Association in 2018" released by China Consumers Association shows that life and social services rank first in service complaints. In the field of service segmentation, remote shopping, beauty salons, catering, maintenance and repair, and fitness services are all on the list.

　　By combing typical cases in various places, the reporter found that prepaid card consumption disputes are mainly concentrated in the service industry, especially in the fields of beauty salons, fitness, photography, car beauty, catering, etc. Among them, some small-scale enterprises have become the hardest hit areas for running away and disputes.

　　"The money in the prepaid card is the money that consumers deposit in the other party’s account in advance to fulfill multiple contracts. It should be consumed once, and the operator deducts money from the card once. " Heshan, president of china law society Consumer Rights Protection Law Research Association, said.

　　"But in real life, prepaid transactions are gradually deviating from the original intention, becoming a means for illegal operators to infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, resulting in a large number of legal disputes." Wang Jijin, supervisor of Beijing Lawyers Association and lawyer of Construction Law Firm, said.

　　In addition, the reporter’s investigation found that with the development of mobile Internet, online prepaid consumption has gradually become a new complaint "slot". Recently, a number of consumers told reporters that they had booked flowers for several months in their lives, but they found that the applet was offline after not receiving it several times.

　　Liu Junhai, a professor at the Law School of Renmin University of China, said that the low cost of corporate dishonesty and the high cost of consumer rights protection led to a significant increase in prepaid arbitrage.

　　Education, fitness and other industries are not included in the record, and combination boxing is needed to control the chaos.

　　In response to the frequent chaos of prepaid cards in various places, as early as September 2012, the Ministry of Commerce issued the Measures for the Administration of Single-use Commercial Prepaid Cards (Trial), requiring card-issuing enterprises to go to the competent commercial authorities at all levels for filing within 30 days from the date of launching the single-use card business, and implement a fund depository system for related enterprises, and deposit funds in commercial banks according to a certain proportion of the funds received in advance. Once the violation occurs, it can form a constraint on enterprises.

　　"But the reality is that there is a lack of supervision over the subsequent use of depository funds. In addition, the measures only involve ‘ Retail, accommodation and catering, residential service ’ Three industries, but there is no coverage for high-incidence areas such as fitness, beauty salons, education, entertainment, online car, and individual industrial and commercial households. " Wang Jijin said that in addition, a fine of less than 30,000 yuan will be imposed on the illegal acts of card issuing enterprises or card selling enterprises, which is relatively light and difficult to play a deterrent role.

　　Heshan suggested raising the threshold for issuing prepaid cards for a large number of individual industrial and commercial households, for example, stipulating that operators should pay a deposit or provide corresponding guarantees in order to obtain the right to issue cards.

　　Qiu Baochang, an expert from the Expert Committee of China Consumers Association, suggested setting a qualification threshold for card-issuing merchants and their main managers, such as requiring operators to have no major violations of laws and regulations and no bad records of fraudulent consumer behavior. Wang Jijin suggested: "Establish a blacklist system as soon as possible, register and publicize untrustworthy enterprises and individuals, and raise the threshold in handling industrial and commercial licenses."

　　Some insiders also believe that the mode of prepayment leads to the one-way risk of consumers, and this consumption mode can be abandoned. Commercial enterprises should rely on improving services instead of paying in advance and then discounting to tie consumers down.

As an important protection in the process of drug development, patent is self-evident. The number of patents owned by an enterprise not only forms important intellectual property protection for products, but also reflects the status and value of the enterprise. However, patents are also divided into "three, six and nine grades". A high-quality authorized patent not only protects the value of the product, but also has high value itself. However, a patent full of loopholes is difficult to obtain authorization. Even if it is authorized, it will be easily challenged by competitors, and eventually it will be "invalid", which will bring serious economic losses to enterprises. Therefore, it is extremely important for the pharmaceutical industry to understand "invalid patent" and achieve "from defense to attack"

What is the "patent invalidation system"

Patent invalidation system, which is regarded as "a corrective procedure for wrong patent authorization", has attracted much attention in patent systems in various countries, and its essence has the functions of error correction, defense and defense. The invalidation of patent will have a direct impact on the validity of patent right, and whether the patent right is effective and stable is an important premise and index to measure the quality of patent. Generally speaking, the invalidation of an invention-creation experience is finally kept valid, and its patent value is higher, which will also have an important impact on the subsequent measures taken by the patentee and the invalid claimant.

With the rapid increase in the number of drug patent applications and patent authorizations in China, there are more and more phenomena of using invalidation to challenge other people’s drug patents and expand their own benefits. Even the patent departments of some companies will organize personnel to "attack" competitors’ patents; At the same time, in order to keep the core claims of their own patents, some patentees have reduced their patent protection scope through invalidation to avoid subsequent patent litigation. In short, it is one of the necessary skills for every pharmaceutical company to protect its "core rights" by using the patent invalidation system as much as possible.

Based on the case of sildenafil patent in Pfizer, the author explains the importance of "invalid patent". In this case, the key points of the game for "invalid reasons" are as follows:

1. The patent specification shall explain the drug activity, preparation method, effective dosage and use method of the drug, and describe the medical effect of the drug on the second indication in detail through animal experiment or clinical trial data. However, the writing of the instructions is far from the above requirements, so that technicians in the technical field can’t know what medicine to use, what disease to treat, how to use the medicine correctly and how effective it is by reading the instructions without creative labor.

Second, this patent specification only generally records that the compounds of the present invention have been tested in vitro and found to be strong selective inhibitors of PDE-V with specificity for cGMP; Ordinary technicians in this profession can’t see what the so-called particularly preferred compounds are from this description, while the claims seek to protect the use of four products, and ordinary technicians in this profession can’t determine the relationship between these four products and the particularly preferred compounds in the above text description.

Three, the applicant made a major amendment to the claim, in fact, after the original claim was deleted and reassembled. This modification cannot be directly and undoubtedly derived from the information disclosed in the original specification and claims. Obviously, because the original specification and the claims did not fully disclose that the products in the present claims have clear medical functions and unexpected technical effects as required by the Patent Law, the modification results of the claims cannot be directly and undoubtedly derived from the specification and the original claims.

4. As the existing cGMP and PDE inhibitors can be used to treat ED, it has been suggested and suggested many times in the relevant literature, it is not difficult for ordinary technicians in this field to draw the results in the claims from these tips and suggestions.

On the above questions, Pfizer answered each "invalid reason" one by one, proving that there is no problem with the creativity of its patent. After that, the original Patent Reexamination Board of China National Intellectual Property Administration finally declared the patent authorized by the original research company Pfizer invalid through in-depth research. Pfizer was dissatisfied with the above decision of the original re-examination board, and immediately appealed to the Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court to sue the original patent re-examination board, requesting the court to cancel its decision of invalidation. After repeated debates, in 2006, the Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court officially announced the revocation of the decision of No.6228 made by the original Patent Reexamination Board. Since then, Pfizer’s Viagra has made huge profits in China every year, but sildenafil produced by domestic generic drug companies cannot be listed. This situation continued until the listing of domestic sildenafil "Jinge" in 2014.

The importance of "public opinion"

The application for "invalid patent" can not be disputed only after authorization. When the application documents appear, they can be questioned in the form of "public opinions". Article 48 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law stipulates that "from the date of publication of an application for a patent for invention to the date of announcement of the grant of a patent right, anyone may put forward opinions to the patent administration department of the State Council and explain the reasons", which is also called "public opinions" in the industry. Pharmaceutical enterprises should make full use of this provision to protect their own interests to the maximum extent.

The rosiglitazone case illustrates the importance of "public opinion". In 1993, GlaxoSmithKline applied for a series of patents including pharmaceutical compounds and compositions, such as the invention patent application with the application number of CN98805686.0, which requested to protect the pharmaceutical composition containing 2mg~8mg of rosiglitazone. The application date was June 2, 1998, the publication date was July 5, 2000, and it was authorized on July 2, 2003. It can be seen that it took about three years from the disclosure of the patent application to the announcement of authorization. During these three years, the relevant enterprises in China did not put forward any "public opinions".

In 2004, when Shanghai Sanwei Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang Wanma Pharmaceutical, Chongqing Taiji Group and other domestic enterprises have invested a lot in research and development of this drug or entered the stage of drug registration, they suddenly received a lawyer’s letter from GlaxoSmithKline, claiming that the products developed by the above-mentioned enterprises infringed their patent ZL98805686.0, demanding that the above-mentioned enterprises stop the research and development and listing of related products and compensate for the losses. As a result, these enterprises jointly requested the original patent reexamination board to declare the patent invalid. Although the case ended in GlaxoSmithKline’s abandonment of the patent, it lasted for a long time and had a great impact, causing huge losses to China enterprises.

Analyzing the case, when domestic pharmaceutical companies were ready for production and even obtained the approval of drug production, they found that they were facing the infringement lawsuit of foreign pharmaceutical companies, so they passively responded and rushed to the original Patent Reexamination Board to file a patent invalidation request in an attempt to invalidate the patent. In this case, even if the patent right can finally be declared null and void in whole or in part, China enterprises still face huge market risks and interest losses due to the long trial period and long-term uncertainty of rights.

In fact, an application for a patent for invention will be published within 18 months from the date of filing (unless the applicant requests it to be published in advance), and then the Patent Office will start substantive examination on it at the request of the applicant. If the examiner thinks that the patent application conforms to the relevant provisions of the Patent Law and the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law, the patent right will be granted and announced to the public, otherwise, it will be rejected. After the patent is granted, anyone (the third party) who thinks there is a problem with the patent grant may go to the relevant department to request that the patent be declared invalid. Of course, if you are not satisfied with the invalidation or review decision made by the relevant department, either party can also bring a lawsuit in court. Generally speaking, after an invention patent is published 18 months from the date of filing, it sometimes takes 2-4 years to decide whether to authorize it. At this stage, whether the patent application can be finally authorized is still in a pending state, which is the time allowed to put forward "public opinions" as stipulated in Article 48 of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Patent Law. It can be seen that how to reduce the losses caused by patent disputes relatively, the "public opinion" before patent authorization is very important.

In recent years, Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises have paid more and more attention to the protection of intellectual property rights. The intellectual property departments of many large pharmaceutical companies have even reached the scale of 100 people. In addition, for some important patent applications, some pharmaceutical companies will take them to more professional patent agencies for secondary processing and polishing before submitting applications. It can be seen that pharmaceutical companies pay more and more attention to patent application and are more and more cautious about controlling patent quality. With the increasing number of patent challenges and invalid patent applications, the trend of domestic pharmaceutical companies turning from defending to attacking intellectual property rights has been initially established.

(Qiang Sen)

Beijing Medical Insurance Fa [2023] No.1

District medical insurance bureaus, finance bureaus, health and wellness committees, social undertakings bureau of Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, financial audit bureau, and relevant designated medical institutions:

　　In order to conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, according to the requirements of the Notice of the National Medical Insurance Bureau, the Ministry of Finance, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the National Disease Control Bureau on Optimizing the Relevant Policies of Medical Insurance for Infected Patients in novel coronavirus after the Implementation of "Class B Management" (No.1 [2023] of Medical Insurance), and to ensure that the people can smoothly spend the peak period of infection, it is decided to optimize and adjust the relevant policies of medical insurance in this Municipality. Relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, optimize the medical insurance payment policy and improve the level of reimbursement for medical treatment at the grassroots level.

　　Novel coronavirus infected patients in all admitted medical institutions, in line with the novel coronavirus infection diagnosis and treatment plan formulated by the health department of hospitalization medical expenses, the implementation of the upfront cost guarantee policy, by the basic medical insurance, serious illness insurance, medical assistance, etc. in accordance with the provisions of payment, the personal burden of part of the financial subsidies, the required funds paid by the financial sector in advance, the central government according to the actual cost of 60% subsidies. This policy is based on the time of admission of patients and will be implemented until March 31, 2023.

　　Cooperate to promote the implementation of graded diagnosis and treatment, guide patients to seek medical treatment at the grassroots level, and ensure stable and orderly medical services. According to the actual situation of this Municipality, we will increase the support for bringing village clinics and community health service institutions in rural areas into the designated medical institutions for medical insurance in this Municipality, and sign an agreement on temporary designated medical institutions with interested village clinics and community health service institutions in rural areas. Encourage medical institutions to supply novel coronavirus infection treatment drugs in the medical insurance drug list (including temporary supplements in this Municipality). For the insured patients with novel coronavirus infection and 11 kinds of suspected symptoms (see Annex for details) in the designated medical institutions at the second level and below in this city, special guarantee will be implemented for outpatient and emergency expenses, with no deductible line and capping line, and the reimbursement ratio will be 90%, which will be implemented first until March 31, 2023.

　　Due to the increased expenses paid by the medical insurance fund due to the adjustment of reimbursement ratio, the medical insurance department automatically made up the difference through the information system in April according to the medical information of the insured patients uploaded by the medical institutions, and directly allocated the difference-making expenses to the entrusted bank account bound by the insured, and the insured did not need to declare.

　　The outpatient and emergency expenses of novel coronavirus infection treatment for insured patients in other medical institutions shall be implemented in accordance with the medical insurance policies for other Class B infectious diseases.

　　Two, the implementation of temporary medical insurance drug list, to meet the needs of patients.

　　According to the "novel coronavirus Infection Diagnosis and Treatment Plan" issued by the National Health and Wellness Commission and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the temporary payment policy for novel coronavirus treatment drugs in the plan will be implemented until March 31, 2023. With the consent of the State Medical Insurance Bureau, the drugs identified by the joint prevention and control mechanism in this Municipality for treating novel coronavirus infection will be temporarily included in the list of medical insurance drugs in this Municipality, and will be implemented first until March 31, 2023.

　　Third, do a good job in the "internet plus" medical insurance service to help patients with online diagnosis and treatment

　　The administrative department of health shall promptly publish the list of medical institutions providing Internet diagnosis and treatment services, provide mobile payment and settlement services for patients with symptoms related to novel coronavirus infection and meeting the Guidelines for Home Treatment of Covid-19 Infected Persons, and the medical insurance department shall support the price policy of Internet first-visit medical services according to the principle of online and offline consistency, and the reimbursement standard is consistent with offline. The follow-up service for infection-related symptoms in novel coronavirus is still implemented according to the current reimbursement policy for follow-up visits on the Internet.

　　Fourth, improve the price formation mechanism and enhance the ability of medical insurance.

　　We will continue to do a good job in price negotiation or consultation, centralized procurement, online procurement, filing procurement and price monitoring of drugs needed for the treatment of infected patients in novel coronavirus, so as to reduce the treatment cost of infected patients in novel coronavirus. Combined with the actual operation of the medical insurance fund, the medical insurance department promotes the implementation of the policy as a whole and scientifically determines the scope and level of protection, which not only reasonably reduces the burden on the masses, but also ensures the safety and sustainability of the medical insurance fund. On this basis, the medical insurance fund does not meet the expenditure, and the financial department will give appropriate subsidies.

　　Five, optimize the medical insurance handling process, provide convenient medical insurance services.

　　We will continue to provide convenient medical insurance services, implement the long-term prescription medical insurance payment policy, and implement online routine medical insurance handling, timely emergency handling, private special matters, delayed non-urgent matters, and eliminate hidden dangers. According to the needs, and belong to the municipal health department to determine the scope of medical institutions that provide Covid-19 infected patients with the ability to treat novel coronavirus infection, non-medical insurance designated medical institutions signed the Temporary Special Agreement on the Settlement of Medical Insurance Expenses of novel coronavirus Infected Patients, guiding all kinds of medical institutions to do a good job in the collection and uploading of information related to novel coronavirus infection diagnosis and settlement, and the settlement of medical insurance expenses. Give full play to the handling power and promote the sinking of services. Agencies at all levels should cooperate with relevant departments to do a good job in health promotion in rural areas and urban communities, popularize knowledge of epidemic prevention and control, raise people’s awareness of self-protection, and earnestly ensure that medical insurance management is not loose and medical insurance handling services are uninterrupted. All designated medical institutions should diagnose the new coronavirus infection and 11 kinds of suspected symptoms, accurately express the diagnosis information and upload it in time.

　　Sixth, strengthen departmental coordination and linkage to ensure that policies are effective.

　　The implementation of "Class B management" for novel coronavirus infection is an important decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of virus variation, epidemic situation and prevention and control work in China. All relevant departments should improve their political stance and earnestly perform their duties. The medical insurance department is responsible for the audit and settlement of related expenses and strengthen fund supervision; The financial department is responsible for timely disbursement of financial subsidies; The health department is responsible for guiding medical institutions to do a good job in the identification, information registration and uploading of infected patients in novel coronavirus; The CDC is responsible for uploading information and data of infected patients in novel coronavirus. Strengthen coordination and linkage to ensure that the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council are fully implemented.

　　This notice shall come into force as of the date of the implementation of the "Class B tube" for novel coronavirus infection.

Beijing Municipal Medical Security Bureau　　　　

beijing finance bureau　　　　

Beijing Municipal Health and Wellness Committee　　　　

January 7, 2023　　

An ecological farm built on the river bank, in the form of quadrangle dwellings, has green grass in the yard, and a sewage pipe is connected from the kitchen behind the yard to the river. Reporter Bai Tiantian photo

　　Imagine a family driving to an ecological farm far away from the city on a weekend, experiencing country life and tasting delicious farmhouse food. How do you feel when we leave comfortably, but leave behind the black and smelly wastewater that is directly discharged into farmland and rivers?

　　Nowadays, all kinds of farmhouses and ecological farms are blooming everywhere, becoming the hot spots of rural tourism. Half-monthly reporters have recently conducted field investigations in many places and found that many farmhouses have outstanding problems of "front door ecology and back door sewage discharge", and pollution prevention and supervision are lagging behind. Some farms that flaunt "ecology" are not worthy of the name, and the sewage discharge place has become a stinking ditch, and the lampblack discharge place has become a "black land".

　　Ecological farms are not necessarily "ecological", and waste water and oil are discharged at will.

　　Pastoral scenery, green ecology, native dishes … … This is a "propaganda language" played by many farmhouses and farms. Recently, a semi-monthly reporter walked into an ecological farm built on a river bank in a county in Dongting Lake area. The farm is a courtyard house with more than 10 boxes, green grass in the yard, cool breeze on the terrace near the river and pleasant environment. Walking through the yard to the back of the kitchen, you can see a 4-meter-long, covered with blue colored steel tiles, and some hidden pipes lead directly into the river. The water flowing out of the pipe is obviously dirty.

On a farm around a county town, kitchen sewage and waste were discharged into a small pond for a long time, filled with black or yellow wet and sticky dirt, next to a rice field and an irrigation canal. Reporter Bai Tiantian photo

　　In this regard, the farm staff disapprovingly said: "The sewage in the kitchen is discharged like this, and it is washed away as soon as it rises."

　　A farm close to a county town, the scene of sewage discharge is even more shocking. When the reporter asked the farm owner for half a month, how to discharge the sewage? The female boss’s answer is: "We discharged into the sewer." But when the reporter went to the back of the kitchen, a bad smell came head-on, and I saw a small pond next to it, full of black or yellow wet and sticky dirt. On one side of the pond, there are paddy fields and an irrigation canal — — It turns out that this is the so-called "sewer".

　　In another mountainous town, the annual spring flower viewing season is the tourist peak season, and tourists come here in an endless stream. A farmhouse named "Central Local Restaurant" has a reception capacity of more than 20 tables. Half a month, the reporter saw that the oil pollution, dishwashing water and toilet sewage of this farmhouse lampblack machine all merged into the next canal. The farmhouse is surrounded by farmland, and the early rice is growing green. These blackened wastewater turns into irrigation water and flows into the fields.

　　Similar pollution phenomenon is not a case. A person in charge of the environmental protection department said frankly that in the current rural environmental pollution, the wastewater, exhaust gas, lampblack and solid waste from farmhouses and farms are important sources of pollution. "Many farms are directly discharging pollutants in order to maximize their interests."

A farmhouse that focuses on "local dishes", the kitchen waste water is directly discharged into the canal behind the house, forming a black greasy dirt for many years. Reporter Bai Tiantian photo

　　Shuguang Environmental Protection is a non-governmental environmental protection public welfare organization in Hunan. This year, they launched a survey on the water pollution in farmhouses. Tan Yongchao, director of water project, said that at present, his team members have visited more than 20 farmhouses on the spot and found that toilet sewage is generally treated by septic tanks, while most kitchen wastewater is "directly discharged".

　　In April, Shuguang Environmental Protection conducted a sampling inspection of wastewater samples from the outlet of an ecological farm around Changsha. The test items included suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen. According to the test report, if compared with the pollutant discharge standards of urban sewage treatment plants, many indicators of the samples seriously exceed the standard. For example, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is 373 mg/L, which is more than seven times that of Grade A standard and three times that of Grade III standard.

　　"I pollute but I don’t control it", and environmental protection can only rely on "awareness"?

　　During the tourist season or weekends and holidays, some farmhouses and ecological farms are bursting with popularity, and operators earn a lot of money. But when it comes to environmental protection, they often "have nothing to do with themselves and hang high", and the prevention and control of pollution can only rely on "awareness".

　　In the interview, farmhouse operators generally showed two typical mentalities. One mentality is that "the law does not blame the public." An eco-farm owner pointed to the pipeline leading directly to the village canal and said without hesitation: "Sewage is directly discharged into the canal without treatment. In rural areas, everyone does this and it has no impact."

　　One mentality is "I pollute and the government pays". After a half-month talk, reporters asked a number of operators and found that they generally lacked the concept of "who pollutes, who governs", and thought that pollution control is a matter for the government. The owner of the farm near the county said that it would cost thousands of dollars to remove waste water and waste oil once, which was not cost-effective, and should be paid by the government. Before the village dredged the canal, she didn’t clean the sewage pond of her farm by the way, and she still complained about it.

In a village famous for enjoying flowers in spring, the oil pollution, dishwashing water and toilet sewage of a farmhouse lampblack machine in rice fields are "three in one", and the blackened wastewater is directly discharged into the irrigation canal. Reporter Bai Tiantian photo

　　On the other hand, some places lack restraint and supervision on the pollution of farmhouse music. A person in charge of the local environmental protection bureau said that in the past, rural environmental improvement focused on "visible garbage" and carried out cleaning projects for villages, schools and roads, but not enough attention was paid to the "root cause" of air, water and soil pollution. According to the regulations, environmental impact assessment should be carried out in the construction of ecological farms, but the local area is basically blank.

　　In 2017, the Environmental Protection Bureau of Linyi County, Hunan Province investigated an ecological farm project and found that it was built without going through the EIA approval procedures, put into operation without supporting pollution control facilities, and made administrative penalties. However, similar cases are rare. Most of the farm operators interviewed by reporters in half a month said that they did not conduct environmental assessment, and the inspection of environmental sanitation rarely involved smoke exhaust, drainage and exhaust.

　　Relatively speaking, star farms have done a good job in environmental protection. In a five-star farm with an area of more than 80 mu and an investment of tens of millions, facilities such as sewage purification tanks and fume purifiers are readily available, designed and installed by professional environmental protection companies. The owner of the farm said that the star rating has clear environmental protection requirements, so they conducted an environmental assessment and built pollution control facilities.

A five-star farm has done a good job in environmental protection, and built facilities such as sewage purification pond and lampblack purifier. Reporter Bai Tiantian photo

　　Farmhouse "blooms more", and environmental protection should also "keep up step by step"

　　With the rise of rural tourism and global tourism, farmhouses and ecological farms are showing the trend of "multi-point flowering". The reporter learned from the semi-monthly talk that in recent years, in key areas such as urban suburbs, reservoir wetlands and scenic spots, farmhouse music is gradually being brought into the scope of supervision and rectification, and environmental pollution problems have begun to spread to some remote counties and townships and emerging rural tourist spots.

　　Liu Shuai, director of the Supervision Department of the Environmental Protection Committee of Hunan Provincial People’s Congress, said that at present, pollution prevention and control of farmhouse music is well done in developed areas such as the Yangtze River Delta and around big cities, but it is still weak in many other places, which should be further paid attention to and strengthened management.

　　Liu Shuai believes that it is necessary to explore rural pollution control modes according to local conditions, such as building "upgraded versions" of constructed wetlands and septic tanks in villages with scattered populations. In the construction and operation of farmhouse music, the environmental impact assessment system should be implemented at the front end, and the departments of agriculture and tourism should be combined at the end to strengthen environmental law enforcement.

　　Wang Gaoliang, deputy director of the Environmental Protection Bureau of Hengyang County, said that this year, the local environmental protection department will focus on rural environmental improvement, requiring farmhouses to standardize the installation of lampblack and sewage treatment facilities, and promote the construction of four sewage purification ponds and "constructed wetlands+oxidation ponds" suitable for rural areas. The basic requirement is that they cannot be discharged directly. If the farmhouse fails to meet the environmental protection requirements, a rectification letter will be issued and penalties will be imposed.

　　Liu Hongli, Director-General of Shuguang Environmental Protection, suggested that the principle of "whoever pollutes should treat" should be adhered to for farmhouses and ecological farms. At the same time, the government can also introduce guiding measures, like remediation of aquaculture pollution, and give certain subsidies to the construction of pollution control facilities according to the scale of farmhouses, starting with newly-built farmhouses and star-rated farms, and then gradually solving the problem of stock pollution. (Talk to reporter Bai Tiantian for half a month)

　　On June 11th, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Wang Wenbin held a regular press conference. A reporter asked whether the spokesman was worried about the negative impact on foreign investment after the passage of the Foreign Sanctions Law.

　　Wang Wenbin said that the Legal Affairs Committee of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), China has introduced the relevant situation. Around the two sessions this year, some NPC deputies, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference members and people from all walks of life put forward opinions and suggestions that it is necessary for the state to formulate a special anti-foreign sanctions law to provide strong legal support and guarantee for China to counter foreign discriminatory measures according to law. According to the relevant work arrangement, the the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Law Committee carefully studied the legislative suggestions put forward by various parties, summarized the counter-measures practice and related work practices in China, sorted out the relevant situation at home and abroad, solicited the opinions of relevant departments and experts of the central and state, and drafted and formed the draft of the anti-foreign sanctions law. According to the legislative procedure, China the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) deliberated the draft twice in April and June, respectively. The Law Working Committee solicited the opinions of the central and relevant state organs on the draft, and the Constitution and Law Committee of the National People’s Congress revised and improved the draft according to the deliberation opinions of the Standing Committee and opinions from all sides. At present, the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law has fully absorbed opinions from all sides, reflected the common wishes of the people of China, and conformed to the basic norms of international law and international relations.

　　Wang Wenbin pointed out that regarding the influence of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law on foreign investment, I don’t see an inevitable connection between the two. If there is, it is the enactment of the Foreign Sanctions Law, which provides a predictable legal environment and a stable and predictable business environment for enterprises from all countries to develop in China. At the 29th meeting of the 13th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), the Hainan Free Trade Port Law and the Decision on Authorizing the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress and its Standing Committee to Formulate Laws and Regulations of Pudong New Area were also passed, which are new measures for China to deepen reform and open wider to the outside world.

　　Wang Wenbin emphasized that China has always welcomed and supported foreign enterprises to conduct business and cooperation in China and protect their rights and interests according to law. China will only open wider to the outside world, and we will continue to strive to create a better business environment for foreign enterprises and share China’s development opportunities with the world. (CCTV reporter Huang Huixin Kong Luyuan)

　　China Meteorological News reporter Su Jessie Wang Meili

　　Expert Consultant: Zhou Guanbo, Senior Engineer of Central Meteorological Observatory

　　This year’s No.8 typhoon "Bawei" was generated in the sea east of Taiwan Province at 8: 00 on August 22nd, and then it will land in the coastal areas from eastern Liaoning to western Korea on the morning of August 27th (typhoon level, 12-13, 33-38m/s). If it lands in Liaoning, "Bawei" may become the strongest typhoon that landed in Liaoning since 1949.

　　Is it rare for a typhoon to land in Northeast China? What are the characteristics? Let’s find out from the typhoon big data since 1949.

　　There has been no typhoon landing in Northeast China in recent 15 years.

　　Among the typhoons (including tropical depression) that landed in China from 1949 to 2020, 13 landed in Northeast China, but no typhoon landed in Northeast China in the past 15 years since 2005.

　　Of the 13 typhoons that landed in Northeast China, all landed in Liaoning. This is because only Liaoning has a coastline, and its geographical location directly determines that it is the most windy province among the three northeastern provinces.

　　A typhoon that has landed in the northeast since 1949. Zhao Miao cartography

　　Typhoons in the north are not uncommon, and most of them are "second-hand"

　　In the 70 years since 1949, only one typhoon "Helen" landed in Northeast China with the intensity above tropical storm, and the other three landed in the form of tropical depression. "Helen" landed in zhuanghe city, Dalian, Liaoning Province on August 4, 1964. The maximum wind force in the center was 9, and the wind speed reached 23 meters per second.

　　Because the typhoons going northward are mostly "second-hand" or "third-hand", in terms of intensity, they have basically exhausted their energy when they go northward, so the intensity of landing is generally at the tropical storm level, and some can reach the strong tropical storm level.

　　Judging from the landing time, typhoons heading north are mostly concentrated in late July and August. This is mainly because the subtropical high is located in the south from June to July, and the typhoon path generated at this time is mostly westward; In August, the subtropical high moved northward, which was beneficial for the typhoon to move northward along the west side of the subtropical high after its formation, thus affecting the northeast region; After September, the subtropical high began to retreat to the south, and the probability of typhoon going north would be much reduced.

　　Where did the typhoons go in August?Zhao Miao cartography

　　A typhoon that does not land in the northeast can also "beat cattle" across the mountain.

　　In addition to the typhoons that landed in Northeast China, there are also some typhoons that have brought great wind and rain impacts to Northeast China.

　　In 2012, Typhoon No.15 "Blavin" moved mainly in the northwest in the early stage, and then moved mainly in the north direction after entering the northern part of the East China Sea. After landing in Korea, it entered Jilin and Heilongjiang in China on August 29th. On the way to the north, it was combined with cold air. From August 27 to 29, the rainfall in central Heilongjiang, central Jilin, central and eastern Liaoning and eastern Shandong Peninsula was 100 to 150 mm. Strong winds of magnitude 7 ~ 9 have also appeared in inland areas such as central and eastern Liaoning, central Jilin and central and eastern Heilongjiang.

Track Map of Typhoon Blavin No.15 in 2012

　　On the afternoon of September 7, 2019, after the No.13 typhoon "Lingling" landed in North Korea as a typhoon, it moved into Jilin at 2100 hours as a tropical storm, and then quickly moved north. From September 6th to 8th, due to the influence of Lingling, heavy rain and local heavy rain occurred in the central and eastern parts of Northeast China. The local area of Lanxi, Heilongjiang Province was 233 mm, and the daily rainfall of 26 stations in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning exceeded the historical extreme in September since the establishment of the station. There are 7 ~ 9 gusts in Shandong Peninsula, northern Liaoning and Liaodong Peninsula, central and eastern Jilin and central and eastern Heilongjiang, and 10 ~ 13 gusts in northeastern Jilin and southeastern Heilongjiang.

Route Map of Typhoon Lingling No.13 in 2019

　　In addition, Typhoon Winnie No.11 in 1997, Typhoon Lion Mountain No.10 in 2016 and Typhoon Wambia No.18 in 2018 also brought great influence to Northeast China.

　　Typhoon heading north is easy to combine with cold air to cause heavy precipitation.

　　Typhoon northward has obvious characteristics:

　　First of all, as the typhoon moves northward, it may combine with cold air on the way northward, and the intersection of cold and warm air will cause heavy precipitation.

　　Secondly, the northbound typhoon may go through a process of "degeneration". The "denaturation" mentioned here refers to changing the nature, and some northbound typhoons will change from tropical cyclones to temperate cyclones. During the northward movement of typhoon, it was influenced by cold air and the decrease of sea surface water temperature, and its central temperature field was no longer a warm core structure, and its low-pressure center changed from vertical to inclined with the height change, so its nature has changed, and the warm and humid air brought by tropical cyclone itself changed into precipitation produced by combining with cold air.

　　Thirdly, due to the long coastline in the east of China, the path of some typhoons going northward is along the offshore of China, which may have an impact on the eastern coastal areas of China. Compared with typhoons landing in South China, more provinces will be affected.

　　Because there is relatively little experience in typhoon prevention in the northern region, the public should take safety defense measures, pay attention to forecast and early warning information in time, and be prepared for strong winds and heavy rainfall. Coastal areas should pay attention to the impact of storm surge. Liaoning and other places are alert to the occurrence of secondary disasters, and the meteorological risk of floods in small and medium-sized rivers in the lower reaches of Liaohe River and Yalu River tributaries is high. In addition, strong winds may also cause crops to lodging and damage agricultural greenhouses, which will have a certain impact on agriculture and need to be prevented in advance.

(Editor: Su Yujun)

　　Cctv newsOn April 23rd, the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a press conference to introduce the popularization of scientific knowledge of prevention and control in COVID-19 and answer questions from the media.

　　The reporter asked whether it is still possible to eat in restaurants, and if so, how to protect them.

　　Feng Luzhao, a researcher at China CDC, said that at present, large-scale dinners are still not recommended, and it is not recommended to bring infants who have no self-care ability to eat in class. It is recommended to choose some restaurants with good sanitary conditions for ordinary dining, make an appointment before eating, and eat at the wrong peak to avoid crowding.

　　Before entering the restaurant, you should cooperate with the staff to take temperature measurement and register. If you have fever, you should not enter the restaurant. During your stay in the restaurant, you should minimize contact with those public facilities, do a good job of hand hygiene, and wash your hands before meals and after going to the toilet. In the process of eating, try to keep interpersonal distance with others and pay attention to cough etiquette. When many people eat together, it is recommended to use public chopsticks and spoons to reduce the chance of contact and transmission and reduce the risk of infection.

　　 　At 8: 30 in the morning, Xiaohua (pseudonym), who is engaged in word work, started her day’s work. In order to alleviate the anxiety at work, she will order a cup of milk tea two or three days a week. "Compared with bottled drinks, the freshly made milk tea tastes better, with more choices and faster updates, and the process of choosing ingredients and sweetness is also very enjoyable." In Xiaohua’s eyes, "this is the sense of life ceremony of contemporary young people."

　　 　There are not a few young people like Xiaohua, and their pursuit is not unrelated to the rapid development of the existing beverage industry. Among them, new tea brands with tea, fruit and milk as the main raw materials are emerging one after another. According to the "2022 New Tea Research Report" published by China Chain Store & Franchise Association, by the end of 2022, there were 486,000 new tea shops nationwide. At the same time, however, the opacity and low standardization of the types and dosages of additives in existing beverages have repeatedly attracted attention.

　　 　So, what are the attractions of ready-made drinks? How to balance "good drink" and "health"?

　　1. Unknown composition: the hidden worry behind "freshness"

　　 　The history of beverages has a long history. As soon as mankind entered the door of civilization, it was no longer satisfied with just taking water as the object of daily drinking. As early as thousands of years ago, beer fermented from surplus grain has stimulated the taste buds of ancestors in Egypt and the two river basins. In ancient Greece and Rome on the Mediterranean coast, wine became a standard on the tables of dignitaries. In modern times, drinks made of tea, coffee, cocoa and other plants have reached every corner of the world with the sails of European and American navigators. With the development of industrialization, the preparation of beverages has entered the era of assembly line. While the types are extremely rich, there are also different "schools" such as making, selling and prepackaging, which meet the preferences and needs of different beverage lovers with their own characteristics.

　　 　In today’s fast-paced era, different lovers have given their own answers to the attraction of ready-made drinks.

　　 　"I drink coffee almost every day, order takeout on weekdays and go to coffee shops on weekends." Jiu Li (pseudonym), who has been drinking coffee for many years, said, "Besides refreshing myself, coffee can create a working state for me psychologically, just like reading in the study room is more efficient than at home."

　　 　"For me, milk tea may be something that is not so daily, but it is relatively easy to get. I will have a little satisfaction psychologically, but buying bottled drinks will not feel this way." Xiaohua added.

　　 　"The most attractive thing about the existing drinks is that they are fresh. I feel that there should not be so many preservatives." Cedar (pseudonym), who drinks milk tea every week, said, "And the frequency of new products and joint models will be higher, which will better satisfy curiosity."

　　 　Freshness, atmosphere and instant satisfaction … … Speaking of the charm of ready-made drinks, respondents mostly talked about the above points. In the interview, most interviewees also said that when ordering ready-made drinks, they usually choose sugar-free, mostly because they don’t like sweet food, prefer original flavor and worry about gaining weight. It is not difficult to see that while drinking, young consumer groups also attach great importance to health.

　　 　"In fact, I am a person who cares about the health of food ingredients, but once I have emotional problems, I will still get used to a drink." Although you will try to choose a style that is sugar-free and simple in ingredients when you buy it, there are still some changes in the weight and sleep of Xiaohua after several years.

　　 　"I occasionally meet some patients with dyslipidemia, especially girls. During the dietary survey, I found that she may not like meat, but she likes to drink milk tea." Xu Yingxia, deputy director of the Clinical Nutrition Department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, said, "In fact, the calories and sugar contained in drinks such as milk tea are not low."

　　 　"I care more about food ingredients, and I hope that ready-made drinks can also be marked." Cedar added.

　　2. Different standards: gradually disclosed ingredients

　　 　What is the calorie of a cup of milk tea? What are the ingredients in the cup? Are the standards of sugar content uniform in different tea shops?

　　 　"I led students to do a small survey four years ago, and found that the quality control of these ready-made drinks is not good. Different people in the same store may have a lot of differences in the grasp of 3-point sugar and 7-point sugar. During the test, I also found that a 3-point sugar drink added more sugar than a half-sugar drink in the same store." Xu Yajun, deputy dean of Peking University School of Public Health and professor of the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, said in an interview, "Different tea shops ‘ 3 cents sugar ’ The sugar content is also very different, which may be one of the reasons why it is not easy to clearly label the sugar content of existing drinks. "

　　 　"Actually, I don’t recommend that you drink milk tea often, because you don’t know what you are drinking." Xu Yingxia said, "Bottled drinks will at least be marked with specific ingredients and know what is inside. But milk tea is generally not marked. "

　　 　At present, there are clear regulations on the contents of labels in prepackaged foods, which require that the food name, ingredient list, net content, allergenic substances and so on be clearly written, but there are no hard and fast regulations on the foods that are made and sold now.

　　 　"There have been similar attempts by catering brands before, but the effect is not ideal. For example, if a restaurant makes a kung pao chicken, how do you label the nutrients? There are still some implementation problems. " Kai Zhong of Kexin Food and Health Information Exchange Center suggested starting from the upstream of the industrial chain.

　　 　"For example, the final finished product is not easy to make specific provisions, but the raw materials it uses can be supervised. Fruits should have the procurement standards for fruits, milk should have the procurement standards for milk, and the amount of additives should be standardized, and they must be purchased through formal channels. Supervise the front end, no matter how the merchants match within a safe range, the finished product is unlikely to have big problems. " Kai Zhong said.

　　 　Nowadays, existing beverage brands pay more and more attention to the health of ingredients. Some brands slogan "real milk", "real tea" and "real sucrose", while others emphasize the use of healthy natural sweeteners. For example, recently, a tea brand announced the calories and nutrients of six products through official accounts.

　　 　"Labeling the ingredients will make consumers drink more clearly, which is worth promoting." However, Xu Yajun said frankly, "Before labeling, the relative amount of the whole production process needs to be added ‘ Standardization ’ Otherwise, the number written on the label is meaningless. "

　　3. The intake is controllable: the standardization process is accelerated.

　　 　Ready-made drinks are inseparable from manual operation, and once manual operation is involved, it is difficult to be as accurate as a machine at all times.

　　 　Among the interviewees, Cedar once had the experience of working in a chain of new tea brand stores. According to her introduction, "I will receive a list when I first go to work, which contains the preparation process of various beverages. There are specific requirements for how much each ingredient should be put. What I need to do is to memorize and operate strictly according to the process. At present, the large-scale chain brands, stores prepare a drink, the personal operation space is actually not that big, and the degree of standardization is still higher."

　　 　The reporter checked the relevant national standards and found that they included GB/T10789-2015 General Principles for Drinks, GB7101 National Standard Drinks for Food Safety, GB2759-2015 National Standard Frozen Drinks and Materials for Food Safety, GB2760-2014 National Standard for Food Safety, and GB14880-2012. Take the sweetener aspartame as an example. According to the current national standards, it is allowed to be added to six kinds of drinks, such as fruit and vegetable juice (pulp) drinks and protein drinks. The maximum dosage is 0.6g/kg, and the dosage of solid drinks is increased according to the dilution multiple. However, as a separate category, there is no special national standard yet, and the supervision of this category is mostly carried out with reference to the above standards.

　　 　"The General Principles for Drinks was put forward by China Beverage Industry Association, which is mainly aimed at prepackaged beverages, and the ready-made beverages are not in this." Kai Zhong explained, "Strictly speaking, the category of ready-made beverages is actually regarded as the catering industry. As long as it is operated by people, it is difficult to standardize it 100%. However, for example, the dosage of whole sugar, semi-sugar, less sugar, whether to use sugar or sweetener, etc., relatively unified standards can be established within the enterprise and even within the industry to avoid the situation that the semi-sugar in one store is sweeter than the whole sugar in another store. "

　　 　Although there is no national standard, in recent years, in view of the rapid development of the existing beverage industry, different social groups have put forward group standards for the industry to abide by. In December 2019, China Cuisine Association took the lead in publishing the group standard T/CCA 009-2019 "Code of Practice for Ready-made Drinks", which stipulated the definition, classification, facilities, equipment and raw materials, and food additives of ready-made beverages. In March, 2021, Fujian Chain Store & Franchise Association issued the group standard T/FJCFA 0001-2021 "Ready-made Milk Tea". Subsequently, the Cross-Strait Tea Industry Exchange Association issued the "Group Standard for Tea Beverage Series", which clarified the scope, requirements and inspection rules of five types of products, such as freshly made milk tea and freshly made milk cover tea. The requirements further subdivided specific indicators such as microbial limit, pollutant limit and food additives. In recent years, China Chain Store & Franchise Association has successively issued group standards such as Terms and Classification of Ready-made Tea, Guidelines for Food Safety Self-inspection of Ready-made Tea Stores, and the standardization process of the ready-made beverage industry is gradually accelerating.

　　 　"Generally speaking, processed foods are not as good as natural foods, especially those that remind pregnant women and children to use with caution. I suggest you control your intake." Xu Yingxia said, "A few times a week or a month is enough."

　　 　(Reporter Jia Yueyang)

　　The rapid popularization of mobile payment makes people have rich reverie about "cashless society". China is the most widely used country of mobile payment in the world, and it is also one of the countries closest to a cashless society. However, only relying on mobile payment can not meet the requirements of the digital finance era, and the concept of "digital currency" with a deeper focus came into being.

　　Recently, the relevant person in charge of the People’s Bank of China (hereinafter referred to as the central bank) said in public that the digital currency system is being developed and the "digital RMB era" is coming. Why did the central bank launch the digital currency? What are the connections and differences between digital currency, the central bank, online payment and so-called "virtual currency"?

　　What’s different about digital currency?

　　At the 3rd China Financial Forty-Person Yichun Forum held recently, Mu Changchun, Deputy Director of the Payment and Settlement Department of the Central Bank, said that the digital currency Research Institute under the Central Bank had started the development of the digital currency system as early as 2018, and digital currency, the central bank, was "ready to go", which subsequently triggered a wide discussion in the Internet and financial circles.

　　It is not a temporary move for the central bank to study and issue digital currency. It is reported that from 2014 to now, the research of digital currency, the central bank, has been going on for five years. In 2017, the digital currency Research Institute of the Central Bank was formally established. At present, the Institute has applied for 74 patents involving digital currency technology.

　　In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, especially blockchain technology, many so-called "virtual currencies" have emerged around the world, such as Bitcoin and Wright currency, which have been controversial in recent years. So, what is the difference between the digital currency proposed by the central bank and these commercial "virtual currencies"?

　　From the perspective of monetary attributes, "virtual currency" such as Bitcoin is not money in essence. Unlike the legal tender issued by the state, "virtual currency" is not supported by national credit. Its speculation is affected by factors such as tight supervision and technical problems, and its price often fluctuates greatly, which greatly interferes with the normal order of the domestic and even global monetary and financial systems.

　　From the principle of currency circulation, in order to ensure the orderly operation and macro-control of the financial system, only the state can exercise the highest power of issuing currency. Therefore, digital currency, the central bank, is a legal digital currency issued by the central bank based on national credit, which is essentially different from "virtual currency" such as Bitcoin.

　　Can it really replace circulating cash?

　　China’s electronic payment is very developed, so why should the central bank introduce the statutory digital currency? "For ordinary people, the boundary between the basic payment function and the central bank’s digital currency is relatively vague, but the central bank’s digital currency in the future is very different from electronic payment in some functions." Mu Changchun said that in the past, the transfer of funds of electronic payment tools had to be completed through traditional bank accounts, while digital currency, the central bank, could realize the value transfer without traditional bank accounts, which greatly reduced the dependence on accounts in the transaction. Generally speaking, digital currency, the central bank, can be as easy to circulate as cash, which is beneficial to the circulation and internationalization of RMB, and can also achieve controllable anonymity.

　　It is understood that the existing cash in circulation is easy to be anonymously forged, and electronic payment tools such as bank cards and Internet payment cannot fully meet the public’s demand for anonymous payment. Therefore, the design of digital currency, the central bank, mainly aims at the substitution of cash in circulation, which not only keeps the attributes and main features of cash, but also meets people’s needs for portability and anonymity.

　　Wang xin, director of the Research Bureau of the Central Bank and the Bureau of Currency, Gold and Silver, said that the central bank’s digital currency mainly replaces cash to a certain extent in China, which will help to optimize the central bank’s monetary payment function and improve the central bank’s monetary status and the effectiveness of monetary policy.

　　From this point of view, the introduction of digital currency by the central bank is neither a popular e-wallet or online payment, nor a complete "reinvention" to replace the existing RMB system, but a brand-new encrypted electronic money system with certain substitution for circulating cash.

　　Shao Fujun, chairman of China UnionPay Co., Ltd., said that the statutory digital currency by the central bank will have a great positive impact, which can improve the efficiency of monitoring the currency operation and enrich the means of monetary policy.

　　It is reported that digital currency, the central bank, is mainly used for high-frequency business scenarios of small retail. Zhou Xiaochuan, the former governor of the central bank, once pointed out that the essence of studying digital currency is to pursue the convenience, rapidity and low cost of the retail payment system.

　　R&D is in the state of "horse racing"

　　In recent years, commercial virtual currency has been controversial, and people increasingly realize that the future development trend of digital currency is still the legal digital currency issued by central banks based on national credit.

　　It is understood that no central bank in the world has officially launched the statutory digital currency. Many central banks, including the Bank of England, the Bank of Canada and the Bank of Sweden, are developing the legal digital currency. The International Monetary Fund says it plans to launch a global digital currency under the SDR mechanism — — International Monetary Fund currency (IMFCoin).

　　At present, China is still in the stage of accelerating research and development in digital currency. For example, the central bank held a working video conference in the second half of 2019 on August 2, demanding "accelerating the pace of R&D in China’s legal digital currency". Recently released "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Supporting Shenzhen to Build a Pilot Demonstration Zone in Socialism with Chinese characteristics" clearly stated that "innovative applications such as digital currency research and mobile payment are supported in Shenzhen".

　　It is understood that in the future, the central bank will not directly issue digital currency to the public, but adopt a two-tier operating system, that is, the central bank will first exchange digital currency for banks or other operating institutions, and then these institutions will exchange it for the public. The central bank has stipulated that digital currency should be piloted in some scenes in the early stage, and then further promoted when it is more mature. Due to prudent consideration, the pilot exit mechanism will be well designed.

　　Mu Changchun revealed that at present, the development of digital currency, the central bank, is in a state of "horse racing", and several designated operating agencies adopt different technical routes for research and development. "It’s not necessarily a blockchain, any technology will do. Regardless of blockchain or centralized account system, electronic payment or so-called mobile money, the central bank can adapt to any technical route you take. "

　　Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, January 23rd (Intern reporter Zhang Jiaxin) According to a paper published in the journal Nature Communication on the 20th, scientists from Northwestern University School of Medicine and the University of Texas, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, found in preclinical research that there are natural nano-sized bubbles containing angiotensin converting enzyme 2 protein in the blood of COVID-19 patients, and found that it can prevent a wide range of Covid-19 strains from being infected, including many current Covid-19 variants and possible coronaviruses in the future. Once developed into a therapeutic product, it can be used as the least toxic biotherapy method to benefit mankind.

　　EvACE2 protein is a tiny lipid (fat) vesicle with the size of nanoparticles, which expresses ACE2 protein (the receptor of Covid-19). Scientists say that these bubbles can be used as bait in the body to "lure" Covid-19 away from the ACE2 protein on the cell.

　　Covid-19 spike protein "grabs" the "handle" of evACE2, but not the intracellular ACE2, which can prevent the virus from entering human cells. Once caught, the virus will either float around harmlessly, or it will be cleared by macrophage immune cells, and it will never cause infection again.

　　Dr Lagu Karuri, co-senior author of the study and chairman of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Cancer Biology, said that the key of this study is to identify the naturally occurring extracellular vesicles in the body, and these vesicles express ACE2 receptors on their surfaces, which is part of the normal adaptive defense against Covid-19. On this basis, they found a new potential therapy to use this natural defense against Covid-19.

　　This study shows for the first time that evACE2 protein can block the original strain with the same or better effect against the new Covid-19 variety. The researchers found that these evACE2 nanobubbles exist in human blood, which is a natural antiviral reaction. The more serious the disease is, the higher the level of evACE2 detected in the patient’s blood.

　　"Whenever new Covid-19 variants proliferate, the initial vaccines and therapeutic antibodies may lose resistance to Alpha, Beta, Delta and the latest Omicron variants." Dr. Liu Huiping, associate professor of pharmacology and medicine at feinberg Medical College of Northwest University, said, "However, the beauty of evACE2 lies in its super ability to prevent a wide range of coronavirus strains, including the current Omicron, and even the future coronavirus from infecting humans."

　　Studies on mice show that when Covid-19 spreads to the airway through droplets, evACE2 has therapeutic potential to prevent or block infection.

　　One of the biggest challenges in fighting the COVID-19 epidemic is the moving target of the virus, which constantly evolves into a new virus strain (variant) with mutation. There are various changes in the spike protein of these new virus strains, which may lead to an increase in infection rate and breakthrough infection.

　　At present, the team is applying for a patent on evACE2, with the goal of cooperating with industry partners to develop evACE2 as a biotherapy product (nasal spray or injection therapy) to prevent and treat COVID-19.