Definition, function and function of vehicle networking

Vehicle networking, namely Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), is a technology to connect vehicles with the surrounding environment. Through wireless communication technology, it enables vehicles to exchange real-time data with other vehicles (V2V), infrastructure (V2I), pedestrian equipment (V2P) and network (V2N). The core goal of car networking is to improve road safety, optimize traffic management, improve driving experience and promote the formation of intelligent transportation system.

The main functions of the Internet of Vehicles include:

The role of the Internet of Vehicles is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Improve road safetyThrough real-time data exchange, the Internet of Vehicles can predict the potential collision risk and give a warning to drivers in time, thus reducing the occurrence of traffic accidents.

Optimize traffic managementInternet of Vehicles technology can help traffic management departments to monitor traffic flow in real time, dynamically adjust the time of signal lights, and effectively alleviate traffic congestion.

Improve the driving experienceThrough the Internet of Vehicles, drivers can enjoy more personalized and convenient services, such as intelligent navigation, online entertainment and vehicle health monitoring.

Promote intelligent transportation systemThe Internet of Vehicles is the foundation of building an intelligent transportation system, which can support more advanced applications, such as vehicle-road coordination, intelligent parking, electronic toll collection, etc., and promote the overall intelligent upgrade of the transportation system.

In a word, the Internet of Vehicles, as an important part of future automotive technology, will greatly change our way of travel and bring revolutionary improvement to traffic safety, efficiency and comfort.

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In order to express the deep condolences of the people of all ethnic groups in China for the martyrs and compatriots who died in the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic, the State Council issued an announcement and decided to hold a national mourning activity on April 4, 2020.

Today, flags of embassies and consulates all over the country and abroad are flying at half mast, and public entertainment activities are stopped all over the country. From 10: 00, the people of the whole country observed a three-minute silence. Cars, trains and ships honked their horns and air defense alarms sounded.

Undoubtedly, the COVID-19 epidemic has brought great disasters and challenges to our country. Throughout the history of China, the plague raged several times, and the word "great plague" was written every few pages in the history books. The history of the Chinese nation is a long and thorny road of unremitting struggle against the plague.

Looking around the world, plague is the biggest human killer, and there is no one. The plague even destroyed some human civilizations. Behind the demise of Aztec civilization, Inca civilization and Maya civilization on the American continent, the shadow of the plague looms, while the three ancient civilizations of Egypt, Babylon and India, as well as the once prominent Roman Empire, vanished somewhere in history, which is also the result of the joint action of war and plague.

But why did the plague never crush the Chinese nation? Of the four ancient civilizations, why only China continues to this day?

Wen | Guan Shanyuan

Editor | Xie Fang looks at the think tank

In order to reprint the original articles of Wangzhi think tank, please indicate the source of Wangzhi think tank (zhczyj) and the author’s information before the article, otherwise the legal responsibility will be strictly investigated.

one

Plague is fierce

There are two major laws in the epidemic of plague in ancient China: one is that there is a great plague after the great disaster, and the other is that there is a great plague during the great war.

After major disasters, especially major floods, bacillary dysentery, cholera and schistosomiasis followed. In 1931, there was a flood in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and Wuhan was the hardest hit, and it was soaked in the flood for more than a month. Because of poor disaster relief, the great flood brought great plague. At that time, Guowen Weekly reported that "the stagnant water in three towns in Wuhan was full of corrupt food", "the bodies of floating people and animals" and "the evaporation of evil gas was pressing", and finally "the most terrible infectious diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever and suffocation spread in Wuhan area at a very fast speed". There is a lack of accurate statistics on the number of deaths caused by floods and plagues. According to the article "A Study on Flood Relief in Wuhan in 1931" (by Bo Zhang), the number of dead victims in three towns in Wuhan is more than 30,000, among which 3,619 were drowned. It can be seen that the lethality of plague is far greater than that of flood.

Plague and war go hand in hand.

On the one hand, large-scale personnel flow brought the spread of plague, on the other hand, when the two armies confronted each other, the personnel were dense and the sanitary conditions were poor, which easily caused the outbreak of plague. There are countless examples in this regard, and some wars even ended because of the plague. The New Yuan History records the failure of a labor expedition by Mongolian fighters, and the object they want to conquer has a very strange name-"800 daughter-in-law country". This country is located in today’s southern Yunnan and northern Myanmar. According to historical records, the king has 800 wives, hence the name. In 1300 AD, 20,000 Mongolian troops went to attack the 800-daughter-in-law country. As a result, the army just arrived in the mountains in the south, and before finding the main force of the other side, it was infected with malaria. "The soldiers died ten times." How can we fight this battle? Finally, the Yuan army was forced to withdraw, and the commander-in-chief was beheaded by the emperor.

In ancient China, there were frequent natural disasters and wars, so you can imagine the intensity of the plague. Historical data show that after the Han Dynasty, plagues increased day by day, and plagues broke out in almost every dynasty, every generation and even every emperor’s reign.

The famous "seven sons of Jian ‘an", except Kong Rong and Ruan Yu died early, all the other five people died of a great plague in the 22nd year of Jian ‘an (AD 217). At that time, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi recorded this incident. Cao Pi mourned the "seven sons of Jian ‘an": "Xu, Chen, Ying and Liu all died at one time. Can you say that the pain is evil?" Cao Zhi even wrote an article on epidemic qi: "In the 22nd year of Jian ‘an, furuncle qi became popular. Every family has the pain of zombies, and the room has the mourning of wailing. Or closed the door and died, or lost the family … "

The Three Kingdoms fought endlessly, but the casualties caused by the war were far less than the plague. "Three out of ten people died of dysprosium in Feng Yu, and seven out of ten died of the plague". At the beginning of 223 A.D., Wei surrounded Jiangling City of the State of Wu, and fought for more than a year, and almost succeeded. However, a plague broke out in Jiangling City. When Wei Jun heard about it, he was afraid of infection and the city was abandoned, so he hurriedly withdrew. In A.D. 253, the state of Wu besieged the new town of Wei, fought for several months, and slept in the wild. After drinking the polluted water, soldiers began to have loose bowels, and their fighting capacity dropped sharply. When Wei reinforcements arrived, Wu Jun was defeated. Later analysis should be intestinal infectious disease, that is, bacillary dysentery.

During this period, the population of China declined sharply. In the second year of Emperor Heng’s longevity (AD 156), the number of households nationwide was more than 16.07 million, with a population of 50.06 million. By the end of the Three Kingdoms (AD 280), the total number of households in Wei Shuwu was only over 1.49 million, with a population of 5.6 million.

In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the change of dynasty was also a painful moment of plague outbreak, especially in Chongzhen period.

Open the Ming history and local chronicles, this period of time is full of shocking words:

"Summer was plagued by plague, and countless people died" (Qinyuan, Shanxi); "Day line plague, die in the morning and evening. Within one night, the whole family died. The people fled, and the city was empty "(Xingxian County, Shanxi Province); "The plague is widespread, and people die in five or six times out of ten, and they are fierce at the age of ten" (Daming Prefecture, Hebei Province); "People are frightened, and the ceremony of hanging questions is wasted" (Xiongxian County, Hebei Province); "Spring epidemic, people die every door, no one walks in March" (Xingyang, Henan) …

In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, that is, in 1643, a year before the Ming Dynasty’s death, plague began to spread in Beijing. "The great plague in the capital from February to September" is recorded in history: too many people died, and coffin shops had no time to make it, and many of the dead didn’t even have coffins. There was an official named Wu Yansheng. One servant died at home, and another servant went to buy a coffin. He didn’t come back for a long time. He hurried to see that the servant had died in the coffin shop … According to the official count, there were more than 200,000 dead people carried out from nine gates in Beijing.

Although "heaven and earth are heartless, everything is a straw dog", but when the plague is raging, the suffering people can only pray for God’s blessing. "Wujiang County Records" recorded the scene that Wujiang people, frightened by the plague epidemic in 1644, rushed to the temple to pray for God and worship Buddha. Wujiang "If the country is crazy, it will cost tens of thousands of dollars, and all the officials and soldiers in the temple are filled with strangers. When they hear God’s words, they drink, and there is the sound of shackles beating and tarting …"

This year, the Ming Dynasty died and the Qing Dynasty was replaced, and the war disaster epidemic was intertwined, which was a doomsday picture!

2

Civilization continues.

After such a tragic plague, why can Chinese civilization continue to this day?

Reason one: there are many people in the land.

Chinese civilization started with a great atmosphere, which revolved around the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, in sharp contrast to other ancient civilizations in a small geographical scope. For example, the civilization of the two rivers originated from the arc-shaped strip in western Asia, which is like a crescent moon, so it is called "the fertile land of the crescent moon" [Note: this name comes from the Ancient Egyptian Records published by American archaeologist James Henry breasted in 1906]. Therefore, China has formed a vast land area and a huge population base very early. Whether facing war or plague, it has a strategic hinterland and manpower supplement.

In addition, when Europeans were still living in the black forest, China had already formed a developed and vast agricultural society, which cannot be ignored. Jared diamond, an American scholar, wrote in his book Guns, Germs and Steel: Ancient humans chose agriculture or hunting and gathering, and the development of civilization went in two directions. In contrast, the surplus grain produced by agriculture can feed more people, thus forming a "settled, administratively centralized and unified society with distinct social classes, complex economy and innovative technology".

More importantly, a prerequisite for the development of agriculture is to domesticate animals. Many viruses and germs that caused the plague originated from animals. The first people who domesticated animals became victims of the plague, but the survivors from generation to generation gradually formed strong resistance to these new diseases.

The second reason: the continuity of civilization.

Different from other ancient civilizations that have died out one after another, the characteristics of vast territory and large population have endowed Chinese civilization with great stability, absorption and integration power, and it has never been replaced by foreign civilizations. It is the only uninterrupted and endless continuous great civilization in the world.

The earliest medical classic Huangdi Neijing in China was written in the pre-Qin Dynasty, the Warring States Period and the Western Han Dynasty. Later generations found that it was assembled by several authors over a long period of time, which is the best explanation of the "continuity" of Chinese civilization.

Chinese characters ensure the continuity of Chinese civilization. Characters are recognized as the dividing line between barbarism and civilization. The inventor of Chinese characters can’t be tested. The ancients thought that it was "Cangjie who created characters". Huainanzi wrote: "Cang Xie used to write books, but it rained every day, and ghosts cried at night." It is said that since human beings mastered the characters, they have mastered the secrets between heaven and earth. There is the word "method" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Later generations studied that schistosomiasis was discovered as early as the Shang Dynasty. Other ancient civilizations have also produced characters, but Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the only ancient character that has been passed down and used by human beings. From Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the bronze inscription and the bronze inscription, to Qin Shihuang’s implementation of the seal script with the same script, to official script, regular script, and the addition of papermaking and printing, Chinese civilization has been completely recorded and never dated.

Inherited together, it also includes ways to fight the plague.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, troubled times revived. There were more than 200 people in the Zhang family of the famous doctor Zhang Zhongjing, and only one third survived after a major epidemic. After decades of painstaking research, Zhang Zhongjing finally wrote the immortal treatise on febrile diseases and miscellaneous diseases, which systematically expounded the syndrome differentiation and treatment of a variety of exogenous diseases and miscellaneous diseases, and provided a standard for syndrome differentiation and treatment in clinical departments of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been passed down to this day.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wu Youxing, a famous doctor, wrote the famous book "Pestilence Theory", which broke the stereotype and jumped out of the treatise on febrile diseases that has been adhered to for thousands of years, and put forward a new viewpoint of the etiology of infectious diseases-the theory of rage. He believes that the plague occurred not because of unhealthy qi at four o’clock, nor because of exogenous pathogens, but because of different diseases. He also pointed out that the transmission route of "violent qi" was through air contact and through the nose and mouth. Before the emergence of modern bacteriology, Wu Youxing’s research was admirable and far-reaching. It is precisely because generations of famous Chinese medicine practitioners have inherited and brought forth new ideas that a profound theory of Chinese medicine has been formed.

Reason three: a unified country and a centralized regime.

In ancient China, although there were civil strife, division, regime change and northern nomads entering the Central Plains, a multi-ethnic political entity with the Han nationality (Huaxia nationality) as the main body always existed.

Only when the country is unified can the central government "concentrate on doing great things", whether it is the irrigation system, water transportation system and flood prevention system needed for daily maintenance of huge agriculture, or the national action in times of crisis, such as responding to a large-scale plague outbreak, which is highly contagious, mass-distributed and involves a wide area. It is necessary to concentrate resources and coordinate in prevention and control, and comprehensively test the government’s rapid response ability, resource mobilization ability, administrative execution ability and social mobilization ability, as well as ". The ability to "mend after the sheep is dead" is very crucial. China has a vast territory. In ancient times, information transmission was slow, and there were shortcomings such as slow response and inefficient administration. However, once the country mobilized, it would quickly turn the corner and form a response mechanism to avoid repeating the same mistakes.

Take the Song Dynasty as an example, when the plague broke out, the whole state machinery was launched: governments at all levels gave scattered medicine to the people in the epidemic area, and sometimes the emperor gave scattered medicine to the people in private. Government medical institutions, such as the Medical Officer’s Hospital, the Doctor’s Hospital, the Prescription Bureau and the Pharmacy Bureau, were uniformly dispatched by the government, and they cooperated with each other and actively invested in the treatment of the epidemic. Medical schools in local counties also undertook the task of treating the epidemic. The government also stepped forward to set up a sick room, which is actually a simple isolation hospital today, to save lives and prevent spread. The government will also implement relief measures, such as reducing corvee, giving money and millet, organizing the burial of bodies, helping people in epidemic areas get rid of their hardships and rebuild their lives, and at the same time doing a good job in epidemic prevention in crowded troops and prisons. In the Song Dynasty, local officials at all levels actively prevented and controlled the epidemic, leaving many anecdotes, such as Su Dongpo, who promoted medicine, established a sick workshop and spread knowledge in Hangzhou, and is still deeply impressed by Hangzhou people.

It is worth mentioning that in the Song Dynasty, great importance was attached to epidemic prevention. At that time, the engraving printing technology was very developed. The government came forward to print and publish a large number of medical books, which were promoted to various counties and counties, and spread the knowledge of epidemic prevention and treatment to the people. This kind of effort is effective. In the Song Dynasty, people attached great importance to the hygiene of diet and drinking water, and emphasized that they should drink "boiled water" when they were away from home. The concept of "boiling without toxicity" was deeply rooted in people’s hearts. This is actually a boiling disinfection method, which is very important for the prevention of digestive tract infections. It can be said that Chinese loved drinking hot water more than 1000 years ago.

three

"China Spirit"

Let’s talk about "China Spirit" in detail.

There is such a story in the Biography of Old Tang Dynasty Li Deyu:

"Deyu is in the prime of life, and he is sharper than Buzheng. Anyone who harms the people of the old customs is aware of its disadvantages. Between the river and the ridge, people believe in witchcraft and wish, confuse ghosts, and those with parents and brothers who are seriously ill, give up their rooms and leave. Deyu wants to change his style, choose people with insight from fellow villagers, tell them in words, and bring them to justice. In a few years, the disadvantages will be changed. It belongs to the county temple, according to the local chronicles, and the former generation of famous ministers and sages followed it. Within the four counties, there are 1,100 prostitution shrines. "

This happened during the reign of Tang Muzong’s Changqing, and Li Deyu was appointed as the observer of western Zhejiang. The future famous statesman of the Tang Dynasty was keenly aware of a problem: at that time, some areas in western Zhejiang believed in witchcraft and worship, and after their families got sick, others did not try to save their loved ones, but abandoned them in the mountains and left them to fend for themselves.

Li Deyu’s approach is to hold a meeting with local people of insight and teach them that filial piety is the highest ethical realm of human beings, and they should not abandon their loved ones in times of crisis. On the one hand, he educated the people with Confucian ethics, on the other hand, he punished the behavior of abandoning patients with law. In a few years, he got rid of local stereotypes and established public order and good customs.

Coincidentally, Sui Shu also recorded a story:

Xin Gongyi was appointed as the secretariat of Minzhou (now Minxian County, Gansu Province) and found that there was a bad habit of abandoning patients there, so he was very worried. When a plague broke out one summer, he asked his subordinates to concentrate all the patients on the government. At most, hundreds of people came, and all the halls in the hall were full. Xin Gongyi used all his salary to buy medicine, ask a doctor to see a doctor, and personally advised the patients to eat. Xin Gongyi put himself on a couch and worked with patients-it’s terrible to read now. Xin Gongyi was not infected, and it’s really "good people get what they deserve"-because of careful care, most of these patients have recovered. Subsequently, Xin Gongyi called the families of these patients and said: For the elderly, either abandon or not give up. "Sui Shu" later wrote: "The sons and daughters of the sick people went away with shame. In case of illness, future generations will fight for the monarch, and their families have no relatives, so they will stay and raise them. At the beginning, I was kind, and this wind changed, and I was called a loving mother within the border. "

Xin Gongyi is a male, but he is called "loving mother" by the local people, which is highly praised. For these two words, Xin Gongyi also felt a lot-he lost his father from childhood and was raised by his mother, who personally taught him all kinds of classics, taught him compassion and taught him the way of filial piety.

Li Deyu and Xin Gongyi are both scholars who are familiar with Confucian classics. On the one hand, they constantly strengthen their self-cultivation, on the other hand, they consciously shoulder the heavy responsibility of educating the people. For example, The Book of Rites University said: "The way of a university is to be clear in virtue, to be new in people, and to stop at perfection." What they did in western Zhejiang and Minzhou was to teach the local people to "care for the elderly, and to care for the elderly".

Filial piety is one of the core ideas of Confucian culture. Confucius said that to be a gentleman, one must learn literature, but fundamentally speaking, what is more important than learning literature is filial piety and younger brother, that is, filial piety to parents and respect for older brothers. "Benevolence" is the basic moral value of Confucianism, while "filial piety" is the foundation of benevolence. Among filial piety and younger brother, filial piety is the most fundamental. Can you forget your filial piety because of the plague arrival?

One of the core of China’s Confucian culture is "the benevolent loves others", and the higher social form of Confucian ethics and politics is "Datong": "A trip to the main road will make the world public. Choose talents and abilities, and practice faith and cultivate mutual understanding. An old friend is not only a relative, but also an only son. Let the old age end, be strong and useful, the young have their own strengths, and those who are lonely and sick are all supported … It is called Datong. " When the COVID-19 epidemic is spreading all over the world, how can we read this passage carefully without tears?

In the early 1980s, Mr. Zhang Dainian, a great philosopher, summarized the spirit of the Chinese nation as "striving for self-improvement" and "cherishing morality".

"Self-improvement, virtue-bearing" comes from the hexagrams of "Gan" and "Kun" in the Book of Changes: "A gentleman strives for self-improvement; The terrain is Kun, and the gentleman carries things with virtue. " Visible, these eight words condensed Chinese’s awe of heaven and earth, self-cultivation and morality to people. Today, if we look at the tenacity of the people in Wuhan within the city’s closure, the courage of medical staff to rush to help, and look back on the thorny road of fighting the plague for thousands of years, we will suddenly realize that the secret that the Chinese nation will not fail lies in the eight characters of "constantly striving for self-improvement" and "being virtuous and carrying things".

Of course, the formation of ethics generally recognized by the whole society is an important standard of human civilization. During the COVID-19 epidemic, a theory of American anthropologist margaret mead was circulated on the Internet: What is the initial symbol of civilization? Fish hooks, clay pots or grindstones to solve the problem of food and clothing and safety? No, the first sign of civilization in ancient culture was that the femur (thigh bone) was cured after fracture. Margaret mead said: No animal can survive alone after its leg is broken, or starve to death because it can’t prey on animals, or become a dish for other animals. When the human fractured femur has healed, it shows that someone spent a long time with the injured person, tied the wound, took the person to a safe place, and let him slowly recover.

"No matter when, be together." -This is a solemn promise only made by human beings.

four

optimal portfolio

On June 30, 1958, Mao Zedong learned that schistosomiasis had been completely eliminated in yujiang county County, Jiangxi Province, and he couldn’t sleep at night. The breeze is warm and the rising sun is near the window. Looking at the south sky, I am happy to write ",and wrote the well-known" Seven Laws and Two Poems to Send athel Loren ".In the postscript of the poem" Send athel Loren ",Mao Zedong wrote:" … Party organizations, scientists and the masses, the three are combined, and athel Loren has to walk. "

On October 3, 1958, the People’s Daily published a poem "Seven Laws and Two Poems to Send to the God of plague" written by Chairman Mao in a prominent position on the front page for the eradication of schistosomiasis in yujiang county, Jiangxi.

"Party organizations", "scientists" and "people" are still the best combination to overcome the epidemic.

This is not only methodology, but also values.

Shortly after the founding of New China, the level of plague prevention and control in China has made a qualitative leap. At that time, China was in full swing. Unlike today, it was the second largest economy in the world, with the most complete industrial system and advanced medical level. Why did it make a qualitative leap? In short, it solves the problem of "for whom" in medical and health care.

For who? People!

After the founding of New China, four major policies of medical and health undertakings that have influenced the present day were quickly determined: first, the medical and health system serves the workers, peasants and soldiers; Second, prevention first; Third, the combination of Chinese and western medicine; Fourth, combine health work with mass movements. At that time, New China was one of the few countries in the world that chose a medical model different from that of the West, and developed a public health system with great innovation: it mainly relied on low-skilled medical workers who could be trained in a short time; Developed labor-intensive rather than capital-intensive medical technology; Emphasis on prevention and primary health care; Focus on the implementation of public health plans, rather than simply focusing on individual health.

This is determined by the nature of the Communist Party of China (CPC): the mass view is the fundamental view of Marxist political parties, the people are the creators of history, and the people are not only the creators of material wealth and spiritual wealth, but also the decisive force for social change. Only by relying on the people can we build a new China.

The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a faithful inheritor of China’s excellent traditional culture. In the process of promoting the continuous China of Marxism, he strives to realize the organic integration of Marxism and China’s excellent culture. However, compared with the "people-oriented" thought of Confucian culture, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s mass view is not at the same level.

Confucian culture puts forward that "the people are the foundation of the country", comparing the people to water, and "water can carry a boat or overturn it". Mencius even said that "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the least". In the final analysis, it is to persuade the monarch to mainly implement "benevolent government" so that the opposition between the monarch and the people is not sharpened, and the essence is still based on the opposition between "monarch" and "people".

马克思主义群众史观则强调“人民群众主体地位”，中国共产党源自人民，除了最广大人民的利益，没有自己特殊的利益，党和人民两者不是对立的，而是一致的、统一的。

在中国这样一个地域广大、人口众多的国家，面对重大疾病尤其是瘟疫，只有人民战争，才能取胜。早在1933年，毛泽东同志就在《长冈乡调查》一文中指出：“疾病是苏区中一大仇敌，因为它减弱我们的力量。如长冈乡一样，发动广大群众的卫生运动，减少疾病以至消灭疾病，是每个乡苏维埃的责任。”新中国成立后，人民当家作主，有了战胜重大疫病的举国家行动基础，面对肆虐中国几千年的血吸虫病，毛泽东就提出：“全党动员，全民动员，消灭血吸虫病。”

爱国卫生运动的开展，彰显了中国共产党发动群众的强大能力。北平和平解放之后，成为北京之前，摆在中国共产党人面前的，是一个垃圾遍地、臭气熏天的破败古都，当时的天安门广场，坑洼不平，肮脏不堪，天安门城楼则墙皮翻卷，砖瓦剥蚀，墙头长着随风摇摆的野草，地上铺着厚厚的鸽粪“地毯”……

1949年9月10日，在距离开国大典还有20天之际，北京多所大学、中学的青年学生以及广场周围的干部群众等6000多人，来到天安门广场，用锄头、铁锹除草铲土，用双手搬开阻碍交通的石块，填平路面上的坑坑洼洼，清除多年遗留的渣土，平整碾压出能够容纳16万人的大广场……几乎一夜之间，天安门广场迅速变了模样。这就是群众的力量！

20世纪50年代，在中央防疫委员会的领导下，全国各地迅速掀起了群众性卫生运动的新高潮，即“除四害运动”。运动规模之大，参加人数之多，收效之显著，都是空前的。据统计，仅半年里，全国就清除垃圾1500多万吨，疏通渠道28万公里，新建改建厕所490万个，改建水井130万眼，共扑鼠4400多万只，消灭蚊、蝇、蚤共200多万斤。此外，还填平了一大批污水坑塘，广大城乡的卫生面貌有了不同程度的改善。老舍先生据此写出了《龙须沟》，龙须沟之前是北平的一条臭水沟，周边聚居着大量贫苦百姓。

In June, 1953, the propaganda team of patriotic health campaign committee Branch of Qianchao Noodles Hutong was explaining to the masses how mosquitoes and flies spread diseases. Source: Mao Songyou | Xinhua News Agency

The vast rural areas have long been weak areas for epidemic prevention in China. After the founding of New China, Mao Zedong proposed: "Put the focus of medical and health work in rural areas." The lack of medical care and medicine in rural areas has changed rapidly. For thousands of years, the so-called "imperial power didn’t go to the countryside", but the Communist Party of China (CPC) has completed an unprecedented, extensive and profound social reconstruction and mobilization with the trend of plowing and sweeping holes, which has been affecting to this day.

In the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic, the grassroots quickly mobilized, and the broad masses of people were aware of the overall situation, United as one, and helped each other, showing the world the real power of China.

"Long live the people" is more than a slogan. It’s truth.

Looking back at the history of the Chinese nation’s confrontation with the plague, we can not only see the cruelty and bitterness, but also feel the "warmth and respect" for history that Mr. Qian Mu, a great historian, said.

钱穆先生在《中国文化精神》中说：“在此七十年中，便有人说过，‘中国不亡，是无天理’。但生命中有感情，便是一‘天理’。我将换一句话说，‘中国人不爱中国，则是无天理’。世界各民族都如此，不是只有中国人如此。”

是的，中国人生活在这片土地上，怎么不爱中国？有这样热爱这片土地、热爱这个国家的中国人，瘟疫又怎么可能压垮中华民族！

参考资料：

1.《明史》（张廷玉中华书局）

2.《旧唐书》（刘昫中华书局）

3.《隋书》（魏征中华书局）

4.《三千年疫情》（张剑光江西高校出版社）

5.《中国救荒史》（邓拓三联书店）

6.《枪炮、病菌与钢铁》（贾雷德·戴蒙德（美）上海译文出版社）

7.《毛泽东年谱》（中央文献出版社）

8.《中国通史》（金兆丰中国工人出版社）

9.《毛泽东与我国的卫生防疫事业》（李洪河党的文献，2011年第2期）

10.《开国大典：周恩来选天安门作阅兵地》（杨丽娟，北京日报，2019年9月）

11.《武汉一九三一年水灾问题救济研究》（章博华中师范大学，2002年）

原标题：《瘟疫无法压垮中华民族，秘密就藏在这几个字中……》

Recently, the topic and popularity of Huawei in the automobile circle have remained high. This company, which claims to be determined not to build cars, has caused a storm in the automobile industry. Two days ago, the news that Huawei and Changan were holding hands was still hot. Today, what Huawei and Chery jointly built went on the market.

On the afternoon of November 28th, Zhijie S7 went on the market, and four new models were launched, with the price range of 249,800-349,800. Some people may not know what kind of car the intellectual world is. Both the intellectual world and the intellectual world are cooperative brands built under the model of Huawei’s intelligent car selection. The intellectual world is jointly built by Huawei and Chery, and Huawei is the leading party.

The power system, intelligent driving system and intelligent cockpit of the newly listed Zhijie S7 are all provided by Huawei, which contains a lot of "Hua", so the biggest selling point of Zhijie S7 is "intelligence".

l Appearance: Yan value is high.

Zhijie S7 locates the pure electric medium-sized and large-sized car, with a vehicle size of 4971*1963*1474mm and a wheelbase of 2950mm, which is still very large. The new car adopts a brand-new design style, with a typical squint and a closed grille, which is combined with a penetrating daytime running light, and it feels quite similar.

In addition, it is worth mentioning that the chassis of Zhijie S7 is equipped with Huawei’s "Turing Smart Chassis", which integrates multi-modal sensing systems and so on, and performs well in handling stability and driving comfort.

l Interior Intelligent Driving: HarmonyOS 4.0 Intelligent Cockpit

In terms of interior, Zhijie S7 adopts full touch design, and the large-size suspended central control panel and full LCD instrument panel all show full sense of technology. Similarly, there are all kinds of intellectual S7 such as dressing table, queen’s co-pilot and various electronic devices, so I won’t go into details here.

The biggest highlight of Zhijie S7 is that it is equipped with Huawei HarmonyOS 4.0 intelligent cockpit, and the new car is the first one. Compared with ordinary intelligent cockpit, the operating system of HarmonyOS 4.0 intelligent cockpit is smoother, and with the blessing of Huawei Pangu model, the algorithm is by going up one flight of stairs.

In other words, the intellectual S7 can understand some more vague instructions, such as "opening the window a crack" and so on. In addition, Zhijie S7 is also equipped with Huawei ADS2.0 advanced intelligent assisted driving system.

l Power performance: battery life 800+km

Another highlight of Zhijie S7 is its power system. The new car is equipped with Huawei’s new generation Drive ONE 800V silicon carbide power platform, which is divided into two versions: two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive, and adopts double wishbone independent suspension+.

Among them, the maximum power of the single motor version is 215kW, and the pure electric cruising range of CLTC is 550km/705km/855km, respectively. Charging for 5 minutes can increase the battery life by 200km and charging for 15 minutes can increase the battery life by 400km.

The four-wheel drive version of CLTC has a pure battery life of 630km, the maximum power of the motor is 365kW, the maximum speed is 210km/h, and the official zero-speed acceleration takes only 3.3 seconds, which is still very good in the same class.

l Qingdong review

On the whole, the price-performance ratio of Zhijie S7 is still very high, and with Huawei’s far-ahead high-tech blessing, the future of Zhijie S7 can be expected.

However, in the current domestic new energy market, there are still many competitors of Zhijie S7, such as BYD Han EV and so on, which are already in the Red Sea. If it is compared with BYD Han EV, although the price of BYD Han EV is lower, Zhijie S7 obviously has an advantage in intelligence.

Although it will be difficult to make it clear that Zhijie S7 wants to fight its way out in such a volume of market, it is not a problem to estimate the sales volume because Zhijie S7 is blessed by Huawei in Jin Shanshan. The former Zhijie New M7 is a typical example.

The Beijing Auto Show, which we haven’t seen for four years, has finally opened again. There are countless heavy models this year. Let’s just look at the new cars!

Although the name Seal 06 sounds like a branch of seal, it is obviously different from the existing BYD seal in design and body size. The closed front face, brand-new headlight modeling and sharp front enclosure all make this new car have its own design language.

According to the application information, the length, width and height of Seal 06 are 4830/1875/1495mm and the wheelbase is 2790mm respectively. Except for the width of the vehicle, other data are consistent with Qin L, so if you want to trace the origin of Seal 06, you should have an answer.

The interior of the new car is more familiar. The combination of LCD instrument and central control screen is BYD’s existing template, both in style and layout. The only update is that the shift area adopts a circular design.

In terms of power, Seal 06 will be equipped with BYD DM-i plug-in hybrid system, in which the maximum power of 1.5L engine is 74kW. Depending on the battery capacity and motor power, Seal 06 will be available in multiple versions, or it will cost 120,000 ~ 150,000 yuan, and will be listed in the second quarter of this year.

Starship, the full-size SUV model of Geely Galaxy, was officially unveiled at the Beijing Auto Show, but it is still in the prototype state, and some changes are expected in the production version in the future. At present, the known information is that the body size of the new car is more than 5 meters, and it is developed based on GEA architecture.

Although it broke away from the naming methods of Galaxy L series and E series, the starship still adhered to the design language of "ripples of light". The whole new car is very tall and burly, and the gas field is self-evident. At the same time, Galaxy Starship has an integrated luminous front face, and its patented micro-hole laser carving luminous technology can also present rich luminous effects such as welcoming farewell, left and right running water, jumping running water and music show.

Galaxy Starship will use a new generation of Raytheon electric hybrid system. According to the official technical reference, the new generation of Raytheon electric hybrid system can achieve 46% thermal efficiency and comprehensive endurance of more than 2,000 km, and the fuel consumption of power supply is expected to be as low as 2L/100km. The performance in this respect is really worth looking forward to.

In addition, Galaxy Starship will also be equipped with AI intelligent audio, AI intelligent seat, Galaxy AI digital wizard, AI digital chassis and other technologies surrounded by panoramic sound, so as to better integrate intelligent driving, artificial intelligence and cloud computing.

The second production car of Extreme Yue, Extreme Yue 07, is officially positioned as a "most beautiful intelligent hatchback car". Of course, many people have reservations about this conclusion, but they have to admit that the side lines of Extreme Yue 07 are really comfortable to see.

Y-shaped headlight group modeling, intelligent light language, front and rear running light strips, slip-back figure, liftable tail wing, and even the main advertising green car paint color matching will definitely make this car turn around when walking down the street.

Although the interior of the Extreme Yue 07 was still not open at the Guangzhou Auto Show, according to the official pictures, the new car will adopt an enclosed cockpit and a large transverse screen connecting the main and auxiliary drivers. In addition, the effect of the atmosphere lights in the official map is also very obvious.

In the aspect of intelligent driving, Extreme Yue 07 will adopt the high-order intelligent driving technical scheme of pure vision, and the intelligent driving of Extreme Yue 07 will be upgraded to 2.0 model in the third quarter of 2024, and the software level will be upgraded in the form of "Yuegeng". In addition, in 2024, Extreme Vietnam will also open PPA in 200+ cities across the country to improve travel convenience.

As the first pure electric vehicle of Changan Qiyuan, the design of Qiyuan E07 once again shows people its innovative ability. Although its shape is somewhat different, it is a medium and large SUV in terms of vehicle positioning.

Focusing on digitalization and intelligence, Qiyuan E07 has a broad light strip on its front face, which can display different information contents. In addition, the handling of the large slip back is eye-catching, but Qiyuan E07 still arranges a more exaggerated ring light group at the rear of the car, which echoes the front of the car as a whole. In addition, the new car can also be equipped with laser radar.

In terms of body size, the length and width of the new car are 5045/1996mm, the height is 1640/1665/1695mm, and the wheelbase is 3120 mm. Entering the car, the interior of Qiyuan E07 has no sense of rigidity in appearance design, and returns to the simple style of Qiyuan family, which is a familiar effect in both overall layout and detail treatment. It is worth mentioning that the sun visor in front of the new passenger car has an entertainment screen.

One of the highlights of the new car is that the opening mode of the trunk is that the upper part can be retracted electrically, while the lower part can be opened downwards, which is more convenient for loading items and has a little "pickup" attribute.

In terms of power, the new car has two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive models. The maximum power of the two-wheel drive model is 252kW, and the motor power of the four-wheel drive model is 188/252kW, with a total power of 440kW.

Tengshi’s latest brand flagship, Z9GT, attracted many people’s attention on the eve of the opening of Beijing Auto Show. In fact, apart from the attractive design, the Z9GT also covers the top technology of the whole brand in terms of technology.

Tengshi Z9GT adopts the double-star crown headlight group, which includes the intelligent driving function of far and near headlights and DLP pixel headlights. At the same time, the new car will also be equipped with AGS active air intake grille, millimeter wave radar, ACC assisted driving radar, laser radar, etc. It is expected that it can catch up with many models in the first step in intelligent driving.

In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 5180/1990/1500(1480)mm and the wheelbase is 3125mm, respectively, and it is positioned as a medium and large car. In terms of configuration, frameless doors, electric suction doors, hidden door handles, 21-inch rims+metal copper brake calipers, external media rearview mirrors, and 10 rear wheel steering.

As for power, Tengshi Z9GT pure electric version will be driven by front and rear three motors, with the maximum power of the front motor of 230kW, the maximum power of the rear two motors of 240kW and 240kW, the combined maximum power of 710kW and the maximum speed of 240 km/h.. According to the latest plan, the new car will be officially released in May and listed in the middle of the year.

The most interesting model of Beijing Auto Show in 2024 should be the brand-new model of Krypton MIX. There are two main reasons. First, it has opened up an almost brand-new market. This size also focuses on the exquisite home MPV, which is the first one. Secondly, it has a very unique shape and is even called "baby bus" by a large number of fans.

Look at the shape first, which is different from all traditional MPVs. The extreme MIX looks more in line with the figurative performance of the word "round and rolling". Such a proportion of four wheels and four corners is also due to the help of the vast -M pure electric drive platform. In addition, the latest Hidden Energy minimalist design style of Krypton family will also be the biggest highlight of the whole car, especially with the help of STARGATE integrated smart light curtain, which has a very eye-catching effect.

As for the size, although the length is only 4688mm, the width and height are kept at relatively good 1995mm and 1755mm, and the wheelbase is even more exaggerated 3008mm, which shows how exaggerated the space utilization rate is.

As an MPV model, the performance in the car is definitely the top priority. Extreme krypton MIX adopts a very unique design of the co-pilot and rear sliding doors, and cancels the B-pillar design, making it easier and more convenient to get in and out of the vehicle. The most interesting thing is that the rear seats and the central armrest in the car can move back and forth freely, and the front seats can also support 360 rotation. Together, they form a face-to-face family space, which is definitely the only one on the market at present.

The hard-core off-road market is so involuted. In addition to the tank 400 Hi4-T and the equation Leopard 5, Changan Deep Blue also brought a new hybrid SUV Deep Blue 318. Being able to be called the title of 318 naturally has some strengths, such as square hard-core modeling, rich original factory propulsion parts, trailer qualification and dual-motor four-wheel drive extended range power structure.

It is worth mentioning that Deep Blue 318 adopts a load-bearing body structure, so in terms of vehicle style orientation, it is still necessary to pay more attention to daily use rather than absolute hardliners.

As far as appearance is concerned, Deep Blue 318 takes a very pure hard-core cross-country style, which not only has a square overall outline, but also abandons the application of almost all curves, even the waist line surface is as angular as a mecha. Such a hard-core design, with the plastic surrounding around the car, mud tires and roof spotlights, is full of hard-core feelings.

In terms of size, Deep Blue 318 is larger than competing products, with the length, width and height of 5010mm, 1985mm and 1960mm respectively, and the wheelbase of 2880mm.

Different from the hard-core shape, the interior of Deep Blue 318 is still a textured route, not only with a 14.6-inch central control large screen and a 12.3-inch full LCD instrument panel, but also with a push-pull rod style of the spacecraft, which makes the interior of the carriage feel different from the exterior.

As for the mechanical part that everyone is most concerned about, it is a fact that there is no non-loaded body, but with the help of the torsional stiffness of 45,000 nm/deg body, all-round four-wheel drive, two locks and air suspension, the basic off-road section can still pass easily. Needless to say, Deep Blue 318 is also equipped with a super extended range 2.0 system, which not only can have a maximum power of 316kW and a zero-speed acceleration of 6.3 seconds, but also achieve a long-distance energy consumption of 6.7L/100km. I believe that for long-distance crossing, Deep Blue 318 is very competitive.

Mazda’s news of driving the horse 6 after so many years has finally become a reality today at the 2024 Beijing Auto Show. Slightly deviated, "Rear Drive Horse 6" is not a new generation of mazda 6, but a new energy vehicle with the same positioning as mazda 6, officially named Mazda EZ-6.

More interestingly, Mazda EZ-6 was not developed by Mazda itself or Toyota as a new energy platform, but cooperated with Changan Automobile to build it with Changan EPA hybrid platform. As for the size, the length, width and height of Mazda EZ-6 are 4921/1890/1485mm, respectively, which is a circle larger than the familiar Artz.

In the static part, the brand-new modeling design and the large-area front net with light language function must be the most attractive places, which will also be the main design elements of Mazda’s new car in the future, and now it has made its debut on Mazda EZ-6. In addition, the headlight design has also changed to a split design, and the real headlight is hidden above the front bumper, so that the outline of the light bar can become more slender and leave more design space.

As for the interior, Mazda EZ-6 also uses a brand-new design style. The 14.6-inch suspended central control touch screen, full LCD instrument panel and panoramic sunroof all appear in the compartment, supplemented by a large number of leather materials. The interior texture of the entire compartment is completely in place.

At present, Mazda officials have not released the specific power information of Mazda EZ-6, and all they can know is pure electric and extended range.

The market trend caused by HarmonyOS Zhixing’s brand-new model, Zhijie S7, has not faded, and the second model, Enjoy the World S9, will appear at this 2024 Beijing Auto Show one after another. It is worth mentioning that although Zhijie S9 uses the same design language as Zhijie S7, and is also a car design, it is not the product of cooperation between Chery and HarmonyOS Zhixing, but the product of cooperation between Beiqi Blue Valley and HarmonyOS Zhixing.

From the length, width, height and wheelbase of 5160 mm x 1987 mm x 1486 mm and 3050mm, it can be seen that Zhijie S9 is positioned as a medium and large car, which also represents the flagship level in HarmonyOS Zhixing.

Although this Beijing Auto Show only appeared in the appearance of the intellectual world S9, we can also get a glimpse of some details. For example, Zhijie S9 has been equipped with an electronic exterior rearview mirror, which can not only reduce the drag coefficient and increase the endurance performance, but also effectively enhance the sense of science and technology of the whole vehicle. Secondly, the design of the 21-inch chrome-plated rim is also a very "old money" style, which I believe is also the luxury that the intellectual community S9 hopes to reveal.

Because it is a static display, the intellectual world S9 has not released more information about configuration and power. However, judging from the current flagship M9, Zhijie S9 is likely to be equipped with the same powertrain, and the maximum horsepower may reach 530Ps. In addition, HarmonyOS Zhixing’s ADS3.0 is also expected to be carried for the first time in Zhijie S9.

At the 2024 Beijing Auto Show, Weilai Automobile announced that the 2024 ET7 Executive Edition was officially launched at a price of 428,000 yuan. Because it is an annual modified model, there is not much difference between the overall shape and cash of the new ET7, mainly through optimization and enhancement in details. In addition, the biggest highlight of the 2024 ET7 Executive Edition is to match the 150kWh long battery pack, and its CLTC battery life can reach 1050km, making it the only pure electric executive car in its class with a battery life of over 1,000 km.

In addition to the basic new Yue Hui silver color scheme, Pamir Brown interior theme, new 21-inch multi-spoke wheel rim and EXECUTIVE EDITION signature trailer, the biggest highlight of the executive edition is that the interior seat layout has been adjusted from the previous "2+3" five seats to a "2+2" four-seat design that is more in line with the administrative concept.

Not only that, the back row of the car is also equipped with two 14.5-inch OLED high-definition display screens with 3K resolution, and supports NIO Link multi-screen super conference, which can automatically transfer the conference on NIO Phone mobile phone to the 14.5-inch screen in the car.

In terms of power, it is almost the same as before. The biggest highlight is that the choice of battery packs is still very diverse. In addition to the 75kWh and 100kWh battery packs we have seen before, this time, the ET7 Executive Edition supports a 150kWh super-large battery pack, and the maximum CLTC cruising range reaches 1050km.

Wuling Xingguang pure electricity, the price is 99800 yuan, 109800 yuan-broken, Wuling this pricing, young people can afford it. During the launch of the new car, you can also enjoy 3000 yuan replacement subsidy, 24 installments of 0 interest and other benefits.

In the 100,000-price pure electric sedan camp, starlight is very attractive. It is equipped with 2C battery, which can increase the battery life by 200km after 15 minutes of charging. There are two versions of power. The 410 standard model is equipped with 100kW and 200N·m motors, with a battery capacity of 41.9 degrees and a CLTC battery life of 410km；. The 510 advanced model is equipped with 150kW and 310N·m motors, with a battery capacity of 54.5 kWh and a CLTC battery life of 510km. The zero acceleration of the large motor version can be 7.3 seconds, which is also a very good level at the same price.

In terms of chassis, Starlight pure electricity is a multi-link before McPherson. Its size is not small, with a length, width and height of 4835/1860/1515mm and a wheelbase of 2800mm, so there is plenty of space in the car-there are 14 door panels and central handrails in total, and the trunk volume also reaches 540L.

Zero Run once again shocked the world with its price. Their new six-seat SUV C16 is expected to cost less than 200,000 yuan. Although the appearance design of C16 is relatively conventional, its body size is not small, with a length, width and height of 4915/1905/1770mm and a wheelbase of 2825 mm. With a 21-inch wheel rim, the whole car looks atmospheric enough, even without losing its ideal.

As a six-seat new energy SUV, the zero-run C16 has put a lot of thought into the comfort configuration. The second row of seats is equipped with electric adjustment, heating and ventilation, small table board and 15.6-inch screen, and the third row of seats has also been optimized, with the goal of being the most comfortable third row in its class. Thanks to the zero-run CTC2.0 battery chassis integration technology and the design of backward-tilting motor, the interior space of C16 is very spacious, and the height of the platform is also low.

In terms of power, the zero-run C16 has extended range and pure electric options, and the pure electric version comes standard with a global 800V silicon carbide high-voltage platform. According to the official, it can have so many configurations in the picture with a top allocation of less than 200,000 yuan. Please experience it yourself. ……

If you think equation Leopard 5 is not domineering enough, you may wish to know equation Leopard 8. Leopard 8 is about 5200mm long (with spare tire), 2000mm wide, 1900mm high and 2920mm wheelbase, and it is positioned as a large SUV. The increase in size, coupled with the same angular design, makes Leopard 8 show an obvious tough guy temperament. At the same time, it has not lost the exquisite sense of the equation leopard family, and it will be very popular after it goes on the market.

Leopard 8 is built on DMO off-road hybrid platform, equipped with a 2.0T high-power engine, with a comprehensive power of over 500kW, and has Yunqi -P active hydraulic body control system and God’s Eye high-level intelligent driving assistance system. In the future, it will support cities and high-speed NOA, which can be said to be full. Other information has not been released yet, and interested friends can continue to pay attention to us.

As the first car looking up at the brand, looking up at U7 smells like "I am the flagship". First of all, it is a C-shaped lamp similar to looking up at U9 supercar, which is extremely evil in shape. I wonder if children will be scared to cry when they see it at night.

Its length, width and height are 5265/1998/1517mm, and its wheelbase is 3160mm. Viewed from the side, U7 is very slender and its overall posture is low. Sure enough, the body size is in place, and many designs are logical. At the rear of the car, the U7 is designed with penetrating taillights, and the shape of the lamp cavity is like a comb, which is very distinctive. It is reported that the U7 will be equipped with an electric spoiler.

Looking up at U7 based on the platform of Easy Square will have the overwhelming power, driven by four motors, with the maximum power of 1306Ps, and the top speed can reach 270km/h even if it weighs 3 tons.

728,000 yuan, 968,000 yuan, although the price of pure electric Macan has been raised compared with the fuel version, its performance and configuration are worthy of the price increase. Actually, apart from the name, there are quite big differences between fuel Macan and pure electric Macan, which is not like the relationship between BMW 330 and BMW i3. Because pure electric Macan is a brand-new 800V pure electric platform, the specifications of power and chassis are higher.

At present, the pure electric Macan listed in China is Macan 4 and Macan Turbo, which are high-equipped models in the car series. The former is 408Ps and 650N·m, with an acceleration of 5.2 seconds at zero, while the latter is 639Ps and 1130N·m, with an acceleration of 3.3 seconds at zero. Both come standard with a 100-degree battery, and the WLTP battery life is 613km and 591km respectively.

In terms of chassis, pure electric Macan comes standard with PASM suspension system and has a brand-new double-valve shock absorber, which can better balance sports and comfort. The rear axle steering system is also the first time to appear on Macan models. It can be seen that the upper limit of pure electric Macan has been greatly improved.

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　　[concern]

　　The minimum down payment is 60%! The state-run provident fund implements the second suite "recognizing the house and recognizing the loan"

　　The State Provident Fund Center issued the Notice on Issues Related to Adjusting the Housing Provident Fund Personal Housing Loan Policy and Further Optimizing Services, which clearly stipulated that the second-home loan should be "recognized for both housing and loans", and the down payment ratio of the second home should be adjusted to a minimum of 60% and a maximum of 600,000 yuan. The New Deal will be implemented on April 15, 2019, subject to the online signing date.

　　Change 1: You can apply for a loan only after the account has been continuously deposited for more than half a year.

　　The adjustment of loan application conditions is the first change of the New Deal.

　　According to the regulations, when applying for a loan, the borrower should continuously deposit the housing provident fund for more than 6 months (inclusive) and his housing provident fund account is in a normal deposit state; Or with the approval of the housing fund management center of the central state organs (hereinafter referred to as the fund center), the paid employees are in the state of deferred payment, sealed or retired cancellation.

　　At the same time, both husband and wife of the loan applicant have no outstanding housing provident fund, personal housing loans and policy discount loans.

　　Change 2: The second suite is recognized as "recognizing the house and recognizing the loan"

　　Like the previous Beijing-owned provident fund, the National Provident Fund Center also adjusted the identification standard of the second suite to "recognize the house and recognize the loan".

　　The New Deal stipulates that if the family of the loan applicant (including the loan applicant, spouse and minor children) has no housing in Beijing and there is no housing loan record (including commercial housing loan and housing provident fund loan record) under the name of both husband and wife, it will be handled according to the first housing loan policy.

　　If the loan applicant’s family has no housing in this city and has only one housing loan record, and if there is only one housing in this city and there is no housing loan record or only one housing loan record, it shall be handled according to the second set of housing loan policies. In other words, I used to buy a house with a loan, whether it was a commercial loan or a provident fund loan. Now I sell small and buy big, and I will be recognized as a second suite from April 15.

　　If it is identified as two or more houses, no loan will be granted.

　　Change 3: The second suite can borrow up to 600,000 yuan.

　　The New Deal also adjusted the down payment ratio this time.

　　In terms of down payment, according to the regulations, if the loan applicant purchases affordable housing, the down payment ratio shall not be less than 20% of the total purchase price; For the purchase of the first set of housing other than affordable housing, the down payment ratio shall not be less than 30% of the total purchase price; For the purchase of two houses, the down payment ratio shall not be less than 60% of the total purchase price. If the loan applicant purchases the stock house, the total purchase price shall be the lower of the house appraisal value and the total purchase contract price.

　　In terms of loan amount, the maximum amount of the first set of housing loans is 1.2 million yuan, and the benchmark loan interest rate is implemented; The maximum amount of the second home loan is 600,000 yuan, and the loan interest rate is 1.1 times of the benchmark loan interest rate for the same period.

　　In addition, on the premise of ensuring the basic living expenses of the borrower, according to the loan amount, term and applicable interest rate applied by the borrower, the monthly repayment amount calculated by the equal principal and interest repayment method should not exceed 60% of the monthly income of the borrower.

　　At the same time, the loan period shall not exceed 25 years, the longest of which can be calculated to be 5 years after the legal retirement age of the loan applicant, and the highest of which shall not exceed 65 years of age.

　　[domestic]

　　In the first quarter, the total value of foreign trade import and export was 7.01 trillion yuan, and China became the "stabilizer" of global trade operation.

　　On the 12th, the State Council Information Office held a press conference, and the relevant person in charge of the General Administration of Customs announced that China’s foreign trade import and export in the first quarter was 7.01 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.7%. At the same time, in the first quarter, China’s foreign trade import and export with countries along the "Belt and Road" was 2 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.8%.

　　Oil prices rose for the sixth time during the year! It costs about 6 yuan more to add a tank of gas.

　　The reporter learned from the National Development and Reform Commission that according to the current formation mechanism of refined oil prices, from 24: 00 on April 12, domestic gasoline and diesel prices will increase by 155 yuan and 150 yuan per ton respectively. From the national average, the price of No.92 gasoline is raised by 0.12 yuan per liter, the price of No.95 gasoline by 0.13 yuan per liter, and the price of No.0 diesel by 0.13 yuan per liter. According to the estimation of the capacity of 50 liters of the fuel tank of a general household car, it will cost more 6 yuan to fill a tank of No.92 gasoline after the price adjustment.

　　In the first three months of this year, the air quality was relatively poor.

　　Data Map: The urban area of Shijiazhuang is shrouded in smog.

　　According to the official WeChat news of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment reported the national air quality in March and January-March 2019 on the 12th. In March, the air quality in 20 of the 168 key cities, including Zibo, Zaozhuang, Weifang and Linyi, was relatively poor; The air quality in 20 cities such as Haikou, Lhasa and Shenzhen is relatively good. From January to March, the air quality in 20 of the 168 key cities, such as Linfen, Shijiazhuang and Xingtai, was relatively poor; The air quality in 21 cities such as Lhasa, Haikou and Shenzhen is relatively good.

　　The National Network Information Office promoted the rectification of APP chaos, shut down and cleaned up more than 30,000 illegal apps.

　　Since December 2018, the National Network Information Office, together with relevant departments, has carried out special rectification actions against mobile apps related to pornography, gambling, malicious programs, illegal games and bad learning, shut down 33,638 illegal and illegal apps, and intercepted more than 2.34 million malicious website links. Social platforms cleaned up more than 24.74 million vulgar bad information and banned more than 3.64 million illegal accounts, effectively curbing the chaos of apps and continuously improving the network ecology.

　　84 people in Tianjin were investigated as "official umbrellas" and "police umbrellas" of evil forces.

　　According to the website of the State Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, since the launch of the special struggle against evil, discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels in Tianjin have resolutely implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, combined the fight against evil with the anti-corruption struggle and grassroots "swatting flies", and strengthened supervision, strict discipline and serious accountability. It is not only a "supervisor" to compact the "two responsibility" and promote the development of the special struggle against evil; Also, as a "pioneer", we should concentrate our efforts on punishing corruption and "digging an umbrella", and dig deep into and thoroughly investigate the corruption and "umbrella" problems of cadres and public officials exercising public power in party member. Up to now, the city’s discipline inspection and supervision organs have filed a total of 97 cases and 229 people involved in corruption and "protective umbrellas", including 48 cases of "official umbrellas" and "police umbrellas" acting as evil forces, and 22 cases of "Yong umbrellas" who failed to perform their duties and dereliction of duty, with 107 people. The accountability work of supervision and discipline has achieved initial results.

　　Heilongjiang Shangzhi responded to the suspected destroyed ginseng in the jungle: an investigation team has been set up.

　　On the 12th, the Propaganda Department of Shangzhi Municipal Committee of Heilongjiang Province responded to the villagers’ report that "more than 6,000 mu of dense forest in Maoershan was destroyed and planted ginseng", saying that the Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Heilongjiang Province attached great importance to it and sent an investigation team to investigate.

　　According to netizens, a large area of state-owned and village-owned forest land in Maoershan Town, shangzhi city, Heilongjiang Province, has been cut down by tens of thousands of acres of dense forest without logging procedures. He has repeatedly reported the situation to the local state-owned forest farm administration, forestry bureau and forestry public security bureau, but it has not been dealt with.

　　Only ten kilometers away! Israel’s dream of "Genesis" landing on the moon was shattered.

　　According to Taiwan Province’s United News Network, Beresheet, the lunar lander of SpaceIL, an Israeli non-profit organization, had a series of failures before landing on the surface of the moon, and finally crashed on the moon. Israel’s dream of becoming the fourth country to land on the moon was dashed. According to reports, the SpaceIL team said that the unmanned lander Genesis had intermittent engine and communication failures during the 21 minutes of landing.

　　The WTO’s final ruling that Korea’s ban on the import of Fukushima aquatic products is not illegal, the Japanese government expressed regret.

　　According to this ruling, South Korea’s import restrictions on aquatic products in Fukushima and other places in Japan will continue, and in the future, even if a very small amount of radioactive components are found in all imported foods produced in Japan, South Korea will ask Japan to provide relevant test certificates. In response, Japanese Foreign Minister Tarō Kōno expressed "great regret" at the WTO ruling at a press conference on the 12th.

　　"Little girl crying on the US-Mexico border" was selected as the annual picture of the 2019 Lotus Award.

　　According to the "Central News Agency" report, a photo of a little girl crying helplessly because her mother was detained by US border officials became popular on the Internet. On April 11th, local time, this photo won the prestigious World News Photography Award — — Jose Award.

　　According to reports, the jury said that the photo was taken by John Moore, a veteran journalist, and the picture reflected the situation of a mother and daughter crossing the US-Mexico border, showing "another kind of psychological violence."

　　Society

　　The death toll from heavy rainfall in Shenzhen has risen to 9, and 2 people have lost contact.

　　On the evening of the 11th, instantaneous heavy rainfall in Shenzhen caused floods, which caused many river operators who were working in Luohu and Futian districts to be washed away. On the evening of 12th, it was learned from Shenzhen Emergency Management Bureau that local heavy rainfall had caused 9 deaths and 2 people lost contact. At present, the relevant departments are searching and rescuing two people who lost contact.

　　A forest fire in Heqing County, Dali, Yunnan Province is being urgently put out.

　　At 14:01 on April 12, a forest fire broke out in the east mountain of Nanhe Village, Xintun Town, Heqing County, Dali, Yunnan Province. As of 11: 30 pm on the 12th, more than 600 people had been put into fire fighting at the scene. Due to the steep slope of the fire mountain and the uncertain wind direction, it is difficult to put out the fire. At present, the on-site rescue work is still in progress.

　　Claim! Investigate civil liability! Shaanxi responded to the theft of terracotta warriors’ fingers

　　According to American media reports, in the case of Michael Rowe Hana, an American man, who broke and stole the finger of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang in China on display in a local museum, the jury was dissolved because the jury had different opinions on whether the defendant was guilty or not, and the local court ruled that the trial was invalid, failing to make a verdict on the charges of stealing and hiding cultural relics.

　　On the evening of April 11th, Shaanxi Cultural Relics Exchange Center responded to this matter, saying that it would continue to pay attention to and follow up the progress of the case, and at the same time start the civil liability investigation according to law, and make economic claims in accordance with the Exhibition Agreement.

　　It’s settled! Beijing 120 and 999 gradually merged, and the emergency call sign was unified with "120"

　　On the 12th, the Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People’s Congress held a kick-off meeting for the proposal of "Improving the pre-hospital medical emergency service system and improving the ability and level of emergency service". In November this year, the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress will hear and consider the report on the handling of the motion. As the sponsor of the motion, the Municipal Health and Health Commission said that the city will steadily promote the integration of the 120 and 999 emergency systems, realize unified command and dispatch, and gradually realize the unification of emergency call numbers to "120".

　　Angry! Two passengers involved in the sale of children at Dalian airport were detained. The baby boy was only born for 15 days.

　　On April 11, a middle-aged couple flew from Dalian. When they passed the security check, the security check personnel found a 15-day-old baby boy. Upon inquiry, they found that the other party could not answer the child’s information in detail and then called the police. The police initially interrogated that the middle-aged couple were from Fujian and bought a baby boy from another couple for 34,600 yuan. At present, the two were detained on suspicion of buying and selling children.

　　Wenzhou parents buy 500,000 cars to accompany them to study in other "school districts", which leads to controversy.　

　　I chose my daughter as my favorite school, but she is far from home. Do you live on campus or go to school? After trying both ways, a parent in Wenzhou gave a domineering plan — — Buy a car to accompany you.

　　Ms. Wu lives in Yongjia County, and her daughter Xinxin (a pseudonym) goes to primary school in Wenzhou City. This semester, Ms. Wu’s family spent nearly 500 thousand yuan to buy an RV and parked it opposite the school, so that her daughter would arrive at home when she left school.

　　In the face of everyone’s questions, Ms. Wu introduced that she was not the first person to "eat crabs": "These are all for the education of children, not what others call ‘ Toss ’ 。” In Ms. Wu’s view, her daughter’s study and future are the most concerned things for the family.

　　The man was arrested for transporting drugs with short sleeves and even taking drugs with him.

　　It means that good people can always be blessed by heaven, and it is often used as a comfort word when encountering danger or difficulties. Can there be such a drug dealer, in order to pray for the safety of transporting drugs, specially put on a short-sleeved shirt with the words "auspicious people and heaven", and even the drugs were found.

　　What happened? Recently, Yunnan Dehong Border Management Detachment received a report from the masses that some people were preparing to traffic a large number of drugs to the mainland in batches. The task force seized 12.1 kilograms of ice from the van driven by Zhang and Li on the spot at the front line of the lincang border. Then the investigators quickly set up a card to intercept a suspicious off-road vehicle, and seized 20.5 kilograms of ice from the car on the spot. The criminal suspect Liu, who was wearing the words "Ji Ren Tian Xiang", was also arrested by the investigators on the spot.

　　The specific reasons for the formation of the mysterious figure in Qinghai Lake are unknown.

　　On April 12, a huge mysterious figure appeared on the ice surface on the south side of Erlang sword platform in Qinghai Lake. According to the photographer Heng Xiu, vice president of Qinghai Lake Tourism Group Co., Ltd., the picture was taken at 11: 00 on the same day, covering an area of more than 100 square meters, and the specific reasons are unknown.

　　[face]

　　[Kim Jong-un] was elected as the chairman of the DPRK Council of State.

　　According to Korean Central News Agency’s report on the 12th, North Korea held the first meeting of the 14th Supreme People’s Assembly and elected top leader Kim Jong-un as the chairman of the State Council of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The topics of the meeting include: the election of the chairman of the State Council, the election of national leading bodies, the revision of the socialist constitution, the implementation of the national budget in 2018 and the national budget in 2019.

　　The meeting announced that Kim Jong-un was elected as the chairman of the State Council of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Korean Central News Agency said that the election of Kim Jong-un as chairman of the State Council is a major political event of great historical significance in North Korea.

　　[dennis muilenburg] Boeing CEO: The updated operating software of the 737max model is working normally.

　　The CEO of Boeing Company said that in order to prevent the Boeing 737 MAX air crash from happening again, the operating software of this aircraft has been updated and can operate normally, and about two-thirds of the customers of this aircraft also participated in the simulator test.

　　See you at 8 o’clock tomorrow!

　　Editor: Xiao Xiao Dai Mengmeng

　　At 9: 30am on July 22nd, the first batch of 25 science and technology innovation board stocks started trading on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, and science and technology innovation board officially opened.

　　Chen kangliang

　　2019 is a "big year" for China’s capital market reform, including the establishment of science and technology innovation board and the pilot registration system, and many other heavy reforms have been carried out one after another, which not only achieved phased results, but also triggered the market’s expectation on how to "continue to reform" in the next step. In this regard, the Central Economic Work Conference, which closed in Beijing on December 12th, gave the answer.

　　The meeting proposed to speed up the reform of the financial system, improve the basic system of the capital market, improve the quality of listed companies, improve the exit mechanism, and steadily promote the reform of the Growth Enterprise Market and the New Third Board.

　　Dong Dengxin, director of the Institute of Finance, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, said that the Central Economic Work Conference made clear four requirements on how to reform the capital market in China in the next step, among which "improving the basic system of the capital market" was the first one, which was the requirement of clearly promoting the modernization of the capital market governance system and governance capacity from the height of top-level design, and was in line with the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee.

　　Dong Dengxin further pointed out that as far as the development of China’s capital market is concerned, in the past 30 years, it has focused on the expansion of scale, from scratch, from small to large, and paid relatively little attention to the improvement of the basic system. However, it should be noted that institutional advantage is the greatest advantage and institutional development is the greatest development. It is of great significance to improve the basic system of the capital market, especially considering that China’s capital market should achieve high-quality development.

　　"Relevant systems, including information disclosure system, IPO (initial public offering) system, delisting system, etc., all need to be further improved, and the direction is to realize the marketization, legalization and internationalization of the capital market." Dong Dengxin said.

　　In order to improve the quality of listed companies, Zhang Yuewen, director of the Corporate Finance Research Office of the Institute of Finance of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that listed companies are the foundation of the capital market, and the long-term healthy development of the capital market can only be guaranteed if there are high-quality listed companies. However, in the current China capital market, the quality of some listed companies is worrying, and there are still big problems, including the decline in comprehensive financial quality and the increase in asset-liability ratio; There are defects in corporate governance, and the relationship between controlling shareholders and minority shareholders is alienated; The quality of information disclosure is not high; The protection of investors’ rights and interests is not paid enough attention, and it needs to be reformed urgently.

　　To this, Dong Dengxin also agreed. He said that in the past, market players and regulators paid insufficient attention to improving the quality of listed companies, but this year, the attention of all parties has been continuously strengthened. A few days ago, the China Securities Regulatory Commission issued the "Action Plan to Promote the Quality Improvement of Listed Companies", striving to greatly improve the overall appearance of listed companies through three to five years’ efforts. This indicates that the special reform to improve the quality of listed companies has moved from blueprint planning to construction, and the next step is to implement it, including improving the delisting mechanism.

　　Zhang Lichao, a senior researcher at Guosen Securities, also said that improving the delisting system of listed companies and strengthening delisting efforts are important components of multi-level capital market construction, which plays an important role in optimizing resource allocation, promoting the survival of the fittest, improving the quality of listed companies and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of investors. The remarkable increase of delisting companies since this year shows that the export of A-share market is gradually smooth. Only by making the delisting channels smooth can the capital market become an organic system with normal metabolism, which will also objectively promote the improvement of the quality of listed companies.

　　Li Zhan, chief economist of zhongshan securities, believes that the diversified delisting mechanism of China’s capital market will be accelerated in the future, including both compulsory delisting and active delisting, as well as restructuring delisting methods such as absorption and merger, clearing assets replacement and selling shells, and gradually converge with developed capital markets such as the United States.

　　Pan Xiangdong, chief economist of New Era Securities, said that this is an important area for deepening the reform of China’s capital market, especially the conditions surrounding the reform of the pilot registration system of GEM have become more and more mature. Growth Enterprise Market will take over from science and technology innovation board and become the main battlefield of China’s registration system reform in the future.

　　In fact, the top-level design to promote the reform of the registration system of the Growth Enterprise Market was published nearly four months ago. In August, the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Supporting Shenzhen to Build a Pilot Demonstration Zone in Socialism with Chinese characteristics proposed that we should study and improve the GEM listing, refinancing, mergers and acquisitions, and create conditions to promote the reform of the registration system.

　　Pan Xiangdong further pointed out that encouraging science and technology enterprises to list on the GEM will help to further lower the threshold for science and technology enterprises to enter the capital market; GEM and science and technology innovation board will form an organic supplement to further improve the construction of multi-level capital markets; The implementation of the registration system for GEM enterprises can encourage more high-quality operating assets such as small and medium-sized enterprises to enter the GEM, improve the capital market structure of the GEM, and promote the healthy development of China’s capital market.

　　CCTV News:Today, the Supreme People’s Court held a press conference to issue the Opinions on Giving Full Play to the Judicial Function and Strengthening the Judicial Protection of Property Rights, which put forward clear requirements for the relevant judicial execution from three aspects: the basic principles of strengthening the judicial protection of property rights, judicial policies and mechanism construction.

　　Today, the Supreme People’s Court also issued the Implementation Opinions on Properly Handling Historical Property Rights Cases in accordance with the Law. The Implementation Opinions require adhering to the principles of seeking truth from facts, equal protection, correcting mistakes according to law and combining correction with prevention, providing equal judicial protection for all types of property rights subjects, unblocking the filing channels of property rights complaint cases, and standardizing the application of retrial procedures.

　　Equal protection of economic property rights of all forms of ownership

　　The "Opinions" require that the litigation status and legal application of all kinds of property rights subjects be treated equally, pay attention to equal protection of non-public property rights, and equally protect the litigation rights and substantive rights of Chinese and foreign parties.

　　Punish all kinds of crimes against property rights according to law, and equally protect economic property rights of all forms of ownership.

　　Yan Maokun, Director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office:It is emphasized that crimes against state-owned and collective assets should be punished according to law, and criminal law protection for non-public property should be strengthened, and crimes against the property rights of non-public enterprises and investors, managers and employees in the non-public economy should be punished according to law.

　　The "Opinions" require an objective view of the irregularities in business operations, and acquit those who have insufficient conviction basis according to law.

　　Yan Maokun, Director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office:It is emphasized that we should treat it objectively from the perspective of history and development, strictly follow the principles of a legally prescribed punishment for a crime, never suspecting a crime, and handling related cases fairly according to law. All kinds of economic activities, except those explicitly prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, shall not be treated as crimes; Those who violate laws and regulations but do not constitute a crime, or whose crimes and non-crimes are unclear, shall be declared innocent according to law.

　　Resolutely prevent economic disputes from being treated as crimes

　　The Opinions call for a strict distinction between economic disputes and criminal offences, and resolutely prevent economic disputes from being treated as crimes. Emphasis is placed on giving full consideration to the characteristics of the non-public economy, strictly grasping the criteria for identifying criminal offences, and resolutely preventing economic disputes from being identified as criminal offences. For all kinds of economic disputes, regardless of the actual losses, we must always adhere to handling cases according to law and fair trials.

　　Use coercive measures and seizure and freezing measures with caution according to law.

　　In the past, in some places, there were some irregular problems in sealing up, distraining and freezing measures, such as mistakes, exceeding the standard, sealing up, distraining and freezing the property of outsiders, resulting in property damage and loss, and some enterprises that still have the ability to produce and operate could not produce and operate normally. The "Opinions" clearly stated that compulsory measures and seizure, seizure and freezing measures should be used with caution in accordance with the law to minimize the adverse impact on the normal production and operation activities of enterprises.

　　Yan Maokun, Director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office:If it is required that in criminal trial, the defendant who has been arrested meets the conditions of obtaining a guarantor pending trial and monitoring his residence, the compulsory measures shall be changed; In criminal, civil and administrative trials, if it is really necessary to take measures of seizure, seizure and freezing, except for enterprises that need to be ordered to close down according to law, necessary working capital and current accounts may be reserved for enterprises as appropriate.

　　Strictly regulate the disposal of property involved.

　　The "Opinions" require strict regulation of the disposal of the property involved, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises and personnel involved in the case according to law.

　　Yan Maokun, Director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office:It is required to strictly distinguish between illegal income and legal property, strictly distinguish between personal property and corporate property, and strictly distinguish between personal property and family members’ property. In accordance with the requirements of openness, fairness, standardization and efficiency, strictly implement and constantly improve the system of custody and disposal of property involved.

　　Fair trial of administrative agreement cases according to law

　　The "Opinions" require fair trial of administrative agreement cases according to law, and promote the construction of a government ruled by law and government integrity.

　　Yan Maokun, Director of the Supreme People’s Court Research Office:It is emphasized that for disputes caused by investment promotion, cooperation between government and social capital, we should carefully examine the reasons why the agreement cannot be fulfilled and the liability for breach of contract.If the government violates its commitments, especially for reasons such as the change of government and the replacement of leaders, it will resolutely support the reasonable demands of the administrative counterpart according to law.

　　Fair trial of cases of property expropriation and requisition according to law

　　The Opinions emphasize that cases of property expropriation and requisition should be tried fairly according to law and the legitimate rights and interests of administrative counterparts should be safeguarded. It is required to reasonably grasp the scope of public interests applicable to expropriation and requisition, and resolutely prevent the expansion of public interests. Follow the principle of timely and reasonable compensation, and fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the expropriated.

　　The "Opinions" call for punishing intellectual property crimes according to law and strengthening judicial protection of intellectual property rights. Deal with historical property rights complaint cases according to law, and resolutely implement the requirement that mistakes must be corrected. It is required to establish a special working mechanism and pay close attention to screening and correcting a number of complaints about property rights disputes that have been strongly reflected by the society. If the facts are unclear, the evidence is insufficient, and the applicable law is wrong after examination, the party concerned shall be corrected and compensated in time according to law.

　　Properly handle historical property rights cases according to law.

　　The "Implementation Opinions on Properly Handling Historical Property Rights Cases in accordance with the Law" requires adhering to the principles of seeking truth from facts, equal protection, correcting errors according to law and combining correction with prevention, providing equal judicial protection for all types of property rights subjects, unblocking the filing channels of property rights appeal cases, and standardizing the application of retrial procedures.

　　The "Implementation Opinions" clearly put forward that the people’s courts should promptly review and carefully screen the effective judgments on property disputes involving major property disposal and illegal crimes committed by private enterprises and investors since the reform and opening up, and if the parties or outsiders lodge complaints; If there are mistakes, they should be resolutely corrected according to law. Focus on the screening, correction and publicity of major typical cases.

Screening and retrial of property rights complaint cases caused by government actions according to law

　　The "Implementation Opinions" stipulates that when screening and retrial property rights cases, the people’s court shall retry and revise the legal rights and interests of the investors for all kinds of contracts signed with the investors according to law in activities such as attracting investment, cooperation between the government and social capital, etc. because of the change of government and the replacement of leaders, or because of legal reasons, the government promises and contract agreements are changed, and the property losses suffered by the investors are not compensated according to law.

　　Teng Wei, Vice President of the Supreme People’s Court Trial Supervision Court:In the process of expropriation and requisition of land, houses and other property, the people’s court shall review the wrong judgment that the government failed to give fair and reasonable compensation to the expropriated person in accordance with the scope, form and standard of compensation, and initiate a retrial.In the retrial review and trial, we should pay attention to the use of administrative reconciliation coordination mechanism and civil mediation to properly resolve property disputes.

　　Carefully grasp the screening and correct the judicial policy

　　The "Implementation Opinions" also emphasizes the need to carefully grasp the judicial policy of screening and correcting, accurately identify the nature of economic disputes and economic crimes, and resolutely correct the wrong effective judgments that treat economic disputes as crimes.

　　Accurately grasp the legal boundary between crime and non-crime

　　The "Implementation Opinions" emphasizes that the boundary between economic disputes and economic crimes, especially contract disputes and contract fraud, the boundary between legitimate financing and illegal fund-raising of enterprises, the boundary between economic disputes involved in the merger and reorganization of state-owned enterprises by private enterprises and malicious occupation of state-owned assets should be strictly distinguished, and the legal boundary between crime and non-crime should be accurately grasped.

　　Teng Wei, Vice President of the Supreme People’s Court Trial Supervision Court:For economic activities in production, management, financing, etc., those that were not explicitly prohibited by laws and administrative regulations at that time and were punished as crimes, or those that were illegal but did not constitute crimes should be corrected according to law.

　　Resolutely correct the wrong judgment caused by criminal law enforcement intervening in civil disputes.

　　The "Implementation Opinions" stipulates that if the parties are forced to express their will by criminal means, which leads to the mistakes in the effective civil judgment, they must be resolutely corrected. Investors in private enterprises involved in crimes shall be guaranteed to exercise their property rights and other civil rights in accordance with the law during the period when the parties are subjected to compulsory measures or serving their sentences.

　　Teng Wei, Vice President of the Supreme People’s Court Trial Supervision Court:The people’s court shall investigate and verify the private enterprise investors’ exercise of civil litigation rights seriously affected by the restriction of personal freedom, and after the restriction of personal freedom is lifted, they provide new evidence for the facts of the civil case, which may overturn the effective judgment. Those who meet the conditions for retrial shall start retrial according to law.

　　In addition, the "Implementation Opinions" also provides for issues that are strongly reflected by the society, such as the trial of cases, the disposal of property involved in execution procedures, and state compensation. (CCTV reporter Zhang Sai)

　　General Secretary Supreme Leader’s important speech at the celebration meeting of the 40th anniversary of the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone spoke highly of the great achievements made in the construction of special economic zones, profoundly summed up the valuable experience of 40 years of reform, opening up and innovative development of special economic zones, and at the same time, focused on realizing the grand goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and building a broad vision of a community of human destiny, clarified the fundamental requirements for the construction of special economic zones under the new situation, systematically expounded the historical mission entrusted to Shenzhen by the CPC Central Committee in the new era, and pointed out the way forward for the new era of special economic zones. Reality develops from history. At the important historical node of the 40th anniversary of the establishment of special economic zones, it is undoubtedly of special and important significance to review the background of the establishment of special economic zones, sort out the development process of special economic zones, and clarify the position of special economic zones in the practice of reform and opening up, so as to create a new situation in the work of special economic zones, promote the great practice of reform and opening up at a new higher starting point, and write a new chapter in the great cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　Special economic zones are a great initiative to promote reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

　　The establishment of special economic zones has its profound historical background, which is not only a strategic choice made by the party and the country to actively conform to the new trend of world political and economic development under the new historical conditions, but also a great pioneering work carried out by the party and the country to promote reform, opening up and socialist modernization on the basis of profoundly summing up historical experience.

　　Since 1970s, profound changes have taken place in the world political and economic structure. On the one hand, the hegemony of great powers between the United States and the Soviet Union has gradually turned into a stalemate, and the danger and possibility of the outbreak of world war have been greatly reduced. It has become the universal will of most countries to strive for peace and development. The Communist Party of China (CPC) keeps pace with the changes of the times and actively carries out overseas inspection and exchange activities. On the other hand, with the rise of the third wave of scientific and technological revolution, the world economy has developed rapidly, and the exchanges between countries have become increasingly close. In order to get rid of the shadow of the economic crisis quickly, major capitalist countries are generally faced with the need to adjust industrial structure and open up emerging markets, which provides a good opportunity for China to accelerate the introduction of foreign capital, technology and management methods. The changes in the world political and economic situation since the 1970s have provided favorable external conditions for the establishment of special economic zones in China.

　　After the founding of New China, a complete national economic system was gradually established, which laid an important foundation for the economic development of contemporary China. After the end of the "Cultural Revolution", the broad masses of cadres and people urgently demanded to reverse the chaotic situation caused by ten years of civil strife and put the cause of socialist construction back on the right track. At this important historical juncture, the CPC Central Committee actively complied with the trend of the times and the wishes of the people, convened the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, and made a great decision to shift the focus of the Party’s work to economic construction and implement reform and opening up. China’s reform and opening up is aimed at the disadvantages of the original system and mechanism. To promote the cause of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, we should not only clarify the crux, but also identify the breakthrough. Considering China’s vast territory, large population and complicated situation, the reform and opening-up can only be carried out from the point to the surface, starting from the local area and then gradually spreading to the whole country. This is the macro thinking and strategic consideration of the establishment of special economic zones by the CPC Central Committee. In June, 1985, when meeting with foreign guests, Deng Xiaoping said, "Shenzhen Special Economic Zone is an experiment. It remains to be seen whether we are on the right track. It is a new thing of socialism. Success is our wish, and failure is an experience. " It can be said that the establishment of special economic zones was carried out as a pioneer and experimental area of reform and opening up under the background of China’s reform and opening up and socialist modernization.

　　The establishment of China Special Economic Zone is the result of the interaction of international and domestic factors, history and reality. A clear understanding of the historical background of the establishment of special economic zones is helpful to understand the historical inevitability of the establishment of special economic zones and the arduous exploration and innovation in the process of their establishment.

　　Special economic zones are vivid epitome of the process of reform and opening up.

　　The establishment and development of special economic zones has gone through a process from brewing and putting forward to continuous improvement and upgrading, which is not only a microcosm of the historical process of reform and opening up, but also an interpretation of the path and strategy of reform and opening up from one side.

　　During the Central Working Conference in April 1979, Xi Zhongxun, the first secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, proposed at the meeting that he hoped the Central Committee would let Guangdong go first and let it go. Deng Xiaoping agreed with the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China’s proposal to set up processing zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou, which are adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, and said: It’s better to call it a special zone, since Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia started to call it a special zone! The central government has no money, so you can give some policies, and you can do it yourself and fight your way out. After the meeting, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council instructed Guangdong and Fujian provinces to further organize and demonstrate the pilot export special zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen, and put forward specific implementation plans and submit them to the Central Committee for examination and approval. After in-depth investigation and careful consideration, on July 15th, 1979, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council approved two reports of Guangdong Provincial Committee and Fujian Provincial Committee on implementing special policies and flexible measures for foreign economic activities, and agreed to pilot export special zones in Shenzhen and Zhuhai first, and then consider setting up special zones in Shantou and Xiamen after gaining experience. On August 26th, 1980, the 15th meeting of the 5th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) decided to set aside certain areas to set up special economic zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou in Guangdong Province and Xiamen in Fujian Province, and approved the Regulations on Special Economic Zones in Guangdong Province. At this point, the construction of special economic zones was formally determined through legislative procedures.

　　In the early days of the establishment of special economic zones, with the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the strong support of the people of the whole country, the broad masses of cadres and masses faced difficulties, forged ahead, fought bravely, resolutely implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, and made remarkable achievements in the fields of national economic growth, foreign export trade, economic management system reform, socialist spiritual civilization construction, and created many development miracles such as "Shenzhen Speed" that built a floor in three days. At the beginning of 1984, after witnessing the development achievements of special economic zones during his inspection in Guangdong, Deng Xiaoping wrote an inscription for Shenzhen Special Economic Zone: "The development and experience of Shenzhen have proved that our policy of establishing special economic zones is correct." The achievements made in the early days of the establishment of special economic zones have further strengthened the central government’s determination and belief in carrying out reform and opening up. On April 13, 1988, the first session of the Seventh National People’s Congress officially approved the establishment of Hainan Special Economic Zone, clearly demanding that the special economic zone play an important role as a window and demonstration for the national reform, opening up and modernization, thus creating a new situation for the development of special economic zones in China.

　　In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the political turmoil in the Soviet Union and the socialist countries in Eastern Europe continued to intensify, and the contradictions and problems accumulated in the process of reform and opening up began to stand out. At one time, there was a debate on the surnames of special economic zones, which caused considerable ideological resistance to the construction and development of special economic zones. In this regard, Deng Xiaoping pointed out in his southern talk: "The achievements of Shenzhen’s construction have clearly answered those who are worried about this or that. Last name of the SAR ‘ Society ’ No surname ‘ Capital ’ 。” This strongly refutes the doubts and questions about the construction of special economic zones and escorts the construction of special economic zones. With the publication of the Southern Talks and the convening of the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the construction of special economic zones has entered a new stage of "increasing innovative advantages" and leaping development. Focusing on the central government’s plan and requirements of "increasing innovation advantages and by going up one flight of stairs", the special economic zones have made new breakthroughs in ownership reform, state-owned enterprise reform and price reform, initially established the basic framework of the socialist market economic system, and led the cause of reform and opening up to the outside world.

　　Since the 21st century, the trend of world political multipolarization, economic globalization and social informatization has developed in depth, and the pattern of multi-level, multi-channel and all-round opening to the outside world has been accelerated. Special economic zones are shouldering more arduous tasks in the new historical stage, with opportunities and challenges coexisting, and pressure and motivation coexisting. In the critical period of deepening reform in an all-round way and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, special economic zones continue to be the vanguard of reform, opening up and modernization, and have made outstanding achievements in adhering to new development concepts, deepening reform in an all-round way, opening up to the outside world in an all-round way, promoting the overall layout of the "five in one" and coordinating the promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout. They have not only made new explorations and provided new experiences for the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause, but also made important contributions to building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　The development of special economic zones is a vivid epitome of the great practice of reform and opening up, which embodies the efforts and painstaking efforts of generations of builders of special economic zones, and interprets the China road and China wisdom of reform and opening up.

　　The historical position of special economic zones in the practice of reform and opening up

　　Since the reform and opening-up, the special economic zones have written a magnificent chapter in the historical process of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, not only playing the role of "experimental field" in the system reform, but also playing an important "window" role in the opening-up, and showing the bright future of Socialism with Chinese characteristics to the world with world-renowned development achievements.

　　China’s reform and opening-up is a process of continuous accumulation, which is first tested, then summarized and then popularized. The introduction of reform measures requires some regions to try first, sum up experience, give full play to the role of "experimental field", and explore the way for the national reform and opening up. The special economic zones have fully carried forward the spirit of being bold, pioneering and hard-working, and made active explorations in the fields of economic system reform, political system reform and cultural system reform, providing valuable experience for promoting reforms at the national level. Under the background of deepening reform in an all-round way, special economic zones should have the courage to take responsibility and try first in all aspects of institutional reform, especially in important areas and key links, so as to provide more replicable and scalable experiences for the whole country.

　　Special economic zones are the earliest areas opened to the outside world in China since the reform and opening up, and they are also the most active areas for foreign economic exchanges. With the support of the central policy, special economic zones have introduced foreign capital, technology and management experience on a large scale, and insisted on the combination of "bringing in" and "going abroad", which not only played a positive role in foreign exchanges, but also further promoted the formation and development of China’s opening-up pattern. In February 1984, after inspecting the special economic zones, Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "The special economic zones are a window, a window of technology, a window of management, a window of knowledge and a window of foreign policy." This is an image summary of the position and role of special economic zones in the practice of China’s reform and opening up in the early days of reform and opening up. With the globalization of the world economy and the development of China’s new pattern of comprehensive opening up, the "window" role of special economic zones in opening up will be further enhanced.

　　In the great practice of 40 years’ reform and opening-up, Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has achieved a historic leap from a backward border town to an international metropolis with global influence, from economic system reform to comprehensive deepening reform, from focusing on import and export trade to all-round and high-level opening-up, from economic development to coordinating the development of socialist material civilization, political civilization, spiritual civilization, social civilization and ecological civilization, and from solving food and clothing to a high-quality and comprehensive well-off society, creating a historic leap. Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the theme of all the Party’s theories and practices since the reform and opening up. The successful practice of special economic zones has fully proved that the line, principles and policies formed since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party are completely correct, which will not only further strengthen Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s road confidence, theoretical confidence, institutional confidence and cultural confidence, but also show the world the bright future and vigorous vitality of Socialism with Chinese characteristics with eloquent facts.

　　Today, the world is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a hundred years, and China is in a critical period to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The 40-year reform and opening-up practice in Shenzhen and other special economic zones has created great miracles and accumulated valuable experience. The new situation needs new responsibilities and calls for new actions. The construction of special economic zones in the new era should always maintain the spirit of "pioneering", "creative" and "dry" style, take the 40th anniversary of the establishment of special economic zones as a new starting point and a new opportunity, and strive to write more "spring stories" and create new and greater miracles that make the world sit up and take notice.

　　(Author: Chen Jinlong and Zhang Penghui, both special researchers of the New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, the supreme leader of the Ministry of Education)

1905 movie network news Directed by Qiu Litao, supervised by Andy Lau, and starring Liu Qingyun and NiNi, the film has exceeded 400 million at the box office and achieved excellent results in the first weekend. It was released for 4 days, and won the box office and film arranging champion for 4 consecutive days, and broke through the box office of 100 million in a single day. The super reputation of the film continues to ferment, and the audience’s enthusiasm for watching movies is quite hot, which also makes the film’s next film arrangement and pre-sale rank first.

From the first film to Shock Wave 2, the explosion scene has always been the highlight of the film. In this movie, not only the "sum of all fears", which is rare in Chinese movies, appeared, but also the explosion scene was more realistic. The opening minute was the airport explosion, followed by a bomb attack that was more explosive than the last one. At the end, the shocking picture of the Tsing Ma Bridge being blown into two parts also made the audience feel, "Dismantling the nuclear bomb and bombing the bridge, the hairs were blown up, which is simply a famous scene of the year." A few days ago, the film also exposed an "explosion special" to reveal how the explosion scene in the film was shot.

The visual layers are overweight, and the explosion scene is thrilling.

Audience: Just the scene can be recorded in a Chinese film.

After the film was released, the audience mentioned the most audio-visual feeling as "explosion", and they were particularly impressed by the explosion in the film and were quite satisfied. Some viewers said, "visually, the layers are overweight, and the opening brings a climax. The explosion fragment of the airport was absolutely amazing, the fire was sky-high, and the plane was instantly reduced to ashes, and the effect was too shocking. " At the same time, some viewers said that whether it is the blasting of a big scene or the dark battle of a small pattern, "it is full of tension and extremely shocking in audio and video."

In addition to the audio-visual impact brought by the big scene, the audience felt that "the scene alone can be recorded in a Chinese film", and the story of the film was also well received by the audience. "Multi-angle narration makes the story thick, the memory complex and changeable, and also makes the characters have complex humanity." Some viewers also said, "Imagination is very bold, not only explosive drama, action drama, but also literary drama. It is a real, flesh-and-blood story."

The bomb becomes a nuclear bomb, and the difficulty is fully upgraded.

Even the actors felt "too shocked" when shooting.

In Shock Wave 2, the explosion scene is more spectacular than the first one, and the bomb is also upgraded to a "nuclear bomb". A few days ago, the "explosion special" revealed how the "explosion scene" that left a deep impression on the audience and received constant praise was filmed. In order to give the audience a stronger shock, the director and the whole crew made a lot of preparations, such as conceiving the fresh link of setting up the bomb, and planning the distribution map of "sum of all fears" in the film in detail.

Previously, when it was released, the big explosion in Hung Hom Tunnel left a very deep impression on the audience. In Shock Wave 2, there are more real-life shots, and they really entered the Airport Railway Station connecting Tsing Ma Bridge and Chek Lap Kok Airport. In the special edition, even the actors themselves felt that "it was really shocking to push a car full of bombs."