Original global intelligence agent, global intelligence agent

Turkey changed its English name

Author | Blue Sky and Clear Away

Editor | ｜Thomas

Turkey’s English country name "Turkey" also means "Turkey" in English. The United States has the habit of eating turkey on Thanksgiving Day. Turkey thinks that its country name is linked to turkey, which affects its national image.

Not only that, Turkey also derives the meaning of "idiot, fool" in English. In Chinese, Turkey also has a nickname called "native chicken".

Turks can’t stand their country name being used as a joke. At the beginning of 2022, Turkish President Erdogan signed a communique to change the spelling of English country names from Turkey to Turkey. The Turkish government indicated that it would register a new English name with the United Nations as soon as possible.

▲ The official Turkish travel website has been renamed.

How did Turkey’s English country name "Turkey" come into being? Why is it linked to "turkey"?

▲ Eating "turkey" becomes a Thanksgiving ceremony in the United States.

First, the "trouble" guinea fowl

In modern Turkish, Turkey is written as Türkiye (Land of Turks). The country name of Turkey evolved from the word Turk, which means "brave" in Turkic, and Turks also consider themselves direct descendants of Turks.

In the 3rd century BC, Huns first occupied the Mongolian Plateau. After the Han Dynasty weakened the Huns, Xianbei and Rouran successively occupied the Mongolian Plateau from the 2nd century to the 5th century. At the same time, there were other nomadic countries in Central Asia, and Turkey believed that its history was inextricably linked with these nomadic countries.

▲ The troubles of Sui and Tang empires.

In the 6th century A.D., Rouran’s Turkic tribe defeated Rouran and established the Turkic khanate in the Mongolian Plateau. However, under the attack of Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Turkic khanate was split in two.

A large number of Turks migrated from Central Asia to West Asia, and the Turkic ministries who moved to West Asia converted to Islam and became an important political force in West Asia.

In 1299, Osman I, the leader of Kaye tribe of Ugus, a branch of Turkic, established political power in Asia Minor Peninsula, namely the Ottoman Empire.

In 1453, the Ottoman Empire occupied Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, and the Roman Empire, which lasted for thousands of years, died. After the annexation of the Balkans, the Ottoman Empire launched several rounds of invasions on Central Europe, and the imperial army became the nightmare of the Christian kingdom in Europe.

▲ Osman I

The word Turkey was originally transliterated from the Latin Turcae, referring to the nomadic people along the Black Sea. After the Turkic people came into contact with Europe, this word began to be used in a series of Turkic countries.

As early as before the establishment of the Ottoman Empire, the Byzantine Empire (395- 1453 AD, the common language was Greek) once called the Seljuk Empire, another regime established by Turks in West Asia, Tourkia.

▲ Seljuk Empire was once the overlord of West Asia.

Since the Middle Ages, Europeans used to refer to the Muslim areas of the Ottoman Empire as "Turchia" or "Turquia", which means the land of Turks and Turks. These words can be found in the Book of the Duchess published by the British poet geoffrey chaucer in 1369.

After development, at the latest in 1719, the English spelling of "Turkey" was solidified into Turkey. Correspondingly, the ruling people of the Ottoman Empire were called "Turks". The Ottoman Empire is often called the "Turkish Empire". Since the Ottoman Empire is the core of the Islamic world, Europeans also use "Turkey" to refer to the Islamic world.

▲Turkey is a "common name" given by Europe to the Ottoman Empire.

The Ottoman Empire likes to use the title of "Ottomans", but the title of "Turkey" is not popular.

Although there are many ethnic groups in the territory, the Ottoman Empire is more accustomed to roughly dividing its subjects into Muslims and non-Muslims based on religion. In 1517, the Ottoman Empire defeated the Mamluk dynasty that ruled Egypt and extended its rule to North Africa.

▲ Mamluk dynasty that once ruled around Egypt (red)

The Ottoman Empire controlled the trade routes from North Africa to Europe, and many products had to go through the Ottoman Empire to reach Europe, which inevitably led Europeans to have a misunderstanding-the Ottoman Empire was the origin of goods, and Guinea fowl was one of many misunderstandings.

▲ Guinea fowl

There are about 10 different species of guinea fowl, most of which live in sub-Saharan Africa. Its meat quality is drier and tougher than that of domestic chickens, with less fat and rich in protein.

After the Ottoman Empire conquered North Africa, Guinea fowl followed the footsteps of African businessmen and crossed the Sahara desert to North Africa, where it was transported to Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, via Arab or Greek businessmen in West Asia.

▲ Ottoman Empire before 1878

As the core of a huge empire, Istanbul is also a commercial center of the empire. Since the 16th century, people can see all kinds of guinea fowl in the bustling bazaar (market) in the city. These African-born birds are huge, their feathers are dotted with spots, and they are also very conspicuous in the bazaar.

Guinea fowl comes from far away sub-Saharan Africa, which is not the territory of the Ottoman Empire, but British businessmen in the Ottoman Empire still call it "turkey cock" or "turkey coq", that is, Turkish cock.

▲ Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire

From the 16th century, guinea fowl came to western Europe from the ports of North Africa with merchant ships. People in Britain and France did not deliberately explore which tribe the merchants bought these species from. The British people also imitated the merchants and called the guinea fowl "Turkish cock".

Compared with the British who try to save trouble, France, the Netherlands and other countries are more strict in naming. They know that the Ottoman Empire is not the origin of guinea fowl, but the "shrewdness" of countries such as France and Holland will stop here. They think that guinea fowl comes from distant India, and the French guinea fowl is called "Lepoulet indien" (Indian chicken).

It is precisely because of the British "trying to save trouble" that the guinea fowl originated in Africa has inexplicably become "made in Turkey". This misunderstanding became more and more serious. With the rise of the European colonial empire, Turkey was finally bound to turkey in the process of spreading English.

Second, in the name of Turkey

After the Ottoman Empire controlled the Middle East and North Africa, the traditional trade routes were controlled by it. Encouraged by opening up new trade routes to the East and spreading Christian beliefs to the outside world, Europeans ushered in the era of "great geographical discovery".

In 1492, although Columbus didn’t reach the East where he wanted to go, he let Europeans first touch the American continent. Countries such as Spain, Portugal, Britain and France have successively launched colonial activities in America.

▲ new route opening

In September 1620, a sailboat named "Mayflower" carried 102 passengers from England to Virginia Colony. Because the ship deviated from the course, may flower was forced to dock in today’s Massachusetts, which was far less developed than Virginia.

In order to survive, people decided to build a new town in Massachusetts and named it New Plymouth after the sailing place.

▲ Come to the New World

There is a widely spread story that neighboring Indians lend a helping hand to British immigrants. They sent all kinds of food, including turkey, and taught British immigrants how to fish and build houses.

In the autumn of 1621, New Plymouth ushered in a bumper harvest. In order to show gratitude, British immigrants invited Indians to celebrate together. Indian leader Massasso led his people to a banquet, and people sang and danced for three days, which was the embryonic form of Thanksgiving.

▲ Thanks to the Indians

In fact, there is no record of this carnival in the diaries of the first immigrants from New Plymouth. On the contrary, in 1637, john winthrop, the governor of Massachusetts, launched a war against Indian tribes. After killing hundreds of Pecots, Winslow announced to British immigrants that "this day should be a Thanksgiving Day. Thank God, we conquered Pecots".

The origin of Thanksgiving Day is not as beautiful as the legend, but the turkey was indeed obtained from the association between British immigrants and Indians. Before the arrival of European colonists, Indians had raised turkeys for hundreds of years.

▲ Winslow

In the eyes of British immigrants, turkey and guinea fowl are the same species. With a fat body and a colorful head, the name of the Turkish rooster was put on the turkey. Since then, the name "turkey fowl" has come into being.

Turkey, with its plump meat, soon became an important food for the colonial people in North America. The name of the turkey is also simplified, and the fowl (bird) used to indicate the attribute is omitted, and only the name of "origin" is retained (even if the turkey has nothing to do with Turkey).

"Turkey" has become the official name of turkey, and there is no difference between them except the case of the first letter.

▲ Turkey (left) and Guinea fowl (right)

The name of Turkey in English changed from guinea fowl to turkey, and so did the name of "Indian chicken" in French.

In addition to foreign countries, Polish, Hebrew, Catalan and other languages also call turkey "Indian chicken".

After the great geographical discovery, turkeys also appeared in the markets of the Ottoman Empire along with commercial activities. The Ottomans knew that this kind of chicken had nothing to do with themselves, so they learned from the French that turkey was called "hindi" (Indian chicken). India, however, was ruled by Britain in modern times. In local languages, most turkeys are called "Turkish chickens" like English.

▲ The Ottoman Empire in the 19th century

This story is somewhat similar to the fact that the Dutch bean in China population becomes China bean in the Dutch mouth, and the charm and fun of language are contained in it.

Looking at the essence of the problem, turkeys originating in North America have many names among the Indian population, meaning mostly "big bird". However, Indians have no right to speak, but Britain and the rising United States spread the name "turkey" all over the world with colonial expansion and cultural export.

▲ The British navy is strong.

Third, we are not "native chickens"

Almost every language has polysemy, and it is not surprising that country names have the same names as other things. "China" means porcelain, but few people compare China with porcelain.

However, turkey, as a necessary food for Thanksgiving in North America, is not only a little too ordinary, but also represents the meaning of being "eaten" by human beings, which cannot reflect the "sense of power" of the Ottoman Empire.

In the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire began to decline and became the target of aggression by European powers. At the same time, the colonial people in North America started the war of independence, and Britain was forced to recognize American independence in 1783.

▲ Thanksgiving Day

After 1800, turkey gradually became a regular dish on Thanksgiving Day. In 1863, President Lincoln set the date of Thanksgiving as the last Thursday in November. In English, the name of turkey solidified into turkey. Because the first impression of turkey seems to be not very smart, Turkey also extended "idiot, straw bag".

Britain is developing colonies all over the world, and the national strength of the United States is also booming. With the spread of English, turkey is known by more and more people, but most people know the word through turkey, and the original meaning of the word "Turkey" is not so important.

On the other side of the globe, the Ottoman Empire has indeed gone from bad to worse, becoming a "straw bag" bullied by the great powers.

▲ Russia invaded the Ottoman Empire.

By the end of the 19th century, Austria and Russia had turned the land of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans into their sphere of influence. Britain, France and Italy carved up the North African territory of the Ottoman Empire, and the weak Ottoman Empire really became a turkey in front of the big powers’ knives.

With the increasing influence of the west in the Ottoman Empire, the way that westerners equate "Turkey" with "Ottoman" also affected the Ottoman Empire, and the Ottoman Empire began to accept the word "Turkey".

But until the end of 19th century, "Turkey" still had no meaning of modern nation or country. In the Ottoman Empire, "Turkey" has a certain derogatory meaning, usually referring to farmers in plateau mountainous areas.

The upper classes still call themselves "Ottomans" (Ottomans). The "Turkish" in the European and Ottoman populations do not refer to the same group of people.

▲ subjects of the empire

The great powers’ carve-up frenzy gave the Ottoman Empire a deep sense of crisis. From the end of 19th century to the beginning of 20th century, a "pan-Turkic" ideological trend rose in West Asia, advocating the union of turkic peoples and the leading role played by the Ottoman Empire in it, driving turkic peoples to become self-reliant, and Turkey began to become the representative of the Turkic nation.

This collided with another trend of thought at that time, "Ottomanism" (revitalizing the Ottoman Empire and highlighting Ottoman identity). Ottoman (Ottoman), Turkey (Turkey) and Islam (Islam) together constituted the identity of the empire.

In 1914, the Ottoman Empire put all its eggs in one basket and joined the First World War against the background of alliance with Germany and Austria. As a result, the Allied Group was defeated in World War I, and the Ottoman Empire was forced to sign the harsh Treaty of Sevres.

The Arab settlements controlled by the Ottoman Empire were ceded to Britain, France and other countries, and even the western part of Asia Minor Peninsula, where the main ethnic group Turks lived, was ceded to Greece.

▲ Autumn in Danger

The Ottoman Empire slipped to the brink of national subjugation, and young officers headed by Kemal organized a resistance struggle. Kemal said that "the independence of the Ottoman nation should be maintained".

During the war, there was a wave of referring to the country as "Turkey" in the Ottoman Empire. Amir Pasha, a government official, opposes the use of Turkey to address a country or a nation.

He said, "We have established the caliphate system in the name of Islam … We are not just gathered here in the name of Turks. It is more appropriate to say Muslims or even Ottomans than Turks. In our hometown, there are Caucasians, Chechens, Kurds and other Muslims. The use of Turkish appellations will exclude (these groups). "

▲ The Last Sultan of the Empire

After more than two years of life-and-death fighting, Kemal defeated the invading army headed by Greece and re-signed the fairly Lausanne Treaty with western countries. The core territory of the former Ottoman Empire was preserved, and the Turks became the absolute subject nation of the qualified new country. After the victory of the war, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire was expelled and the empire came to an end in 1922.

In order to make a thorough cut with the Ottoman Empire and break the state system of the integration of politics and religion that lasted for hundreds of years, Kemal initiated the secularization reform, and the importance of religion in social life decreased greatly. He argued that "Turkey" should be the name of the new country. "Turkey" has changed from a vague political term to the name of a country, but it is still written in Arabic characters during the Ottoman Empire.

▲ Kemal, who is honored as the father of Turkey.

During the secularization reform, Turkey established a representative democracy by learning from the West, Latin letters replaced the original Arabic writing system, and Türkiye ("Turkey" in Turkish) became a new way to write country names.

After the establishment of the brand-new Turkey, Turkey has developed into an important country in West Asia from the 20th century to the 21st century. By 2020, the country’s GDP totaled 720 billion US dollars, ranking 19th in the world and 1st in West Asia. The standing army of more than 600,000 makes Turkey a NATO country second only to the United States in terms of strength.

However, with the stagnant economic situation in Turkey in recent years, nationalism has begun to rise. Especially since the current Turkish President Erdogan took office in 2014, the strengthening of religious forces has also worried the outside world that Turkey will have a wave of "anti-secularization".

In addition, Turkey is also actively involved in the affairs of surrounding areas. Under the background of national strength, many Turks express their dissatisfaction with the English spelling of country names. How can the country name be associated with the food on the table? Moreover, this name has been ridiculed by the world from time to time, and serious country names should not be regarded as the object of playing tricks.

▲ The Turkish army entered Syria

In 2021, Turkey launched the English country name adjustment action. In January 2022, Erdogan signed a decree to change the English spelling of the name of Turkey from Turkey to Turkiye(Türkiye). Turkey has also launched a publicity and public relations campaign called "HelloTürkiye" on social networks and TV media at all costs.

▲ Renaming activities

In addition to adopting relevant resolutions at home, changing the English spelling of country names needs the cooperation of the international community. Turkish officials said that they would apply to the United Nations to urge the international community to accept new English names as soon as possible.

There are many precedents for changing foreign translation names, and most of the reasons are to erase colonial marks (for example, Ivory Coast is changed to C? te d ‘Ivoire); Promote national unity (for example, Myanmar has changed Burma with great Burmese color into Myanmar that can refer to all ethnic groups); Pronunciation in line with the national language (for example, South Korea changed Seoul to Seoul).

But like Turkey, the name is changed because the name is tied to poultry, but it is unique in the world.

However, modern Turkish is also spelled with Latin letters. The so-called change of English country name is only the transplantation of Turkish spelling into English. "Turkey" in English and "Türkiye" in Turkish actually sound almost the same, which is difficult to distinguish in spoken English. It also makes people suspect that renaming will not actually achieve results.

In the eyes of some people, Turkey’s change of English-speaking countries is more about service politics. At present, Turkey’s economy is in recession, the Turkish lira has depreciated sharply, and domestic inflation has risen sharply. The Turkish domestic opposition criticized Erdogan for "putting on a show" and accused him of using the name change to stir up national sentiment to divert people’s attention to the economic downturn and shift the accusation of his ineffective governance.

▲ In Turkey, money is becoming less and less valuable.

Supporters believe that it is necessary for Turkey to correct Türkiye’s name, and they praise the government for showing Turkish culture and values in the best way. After all, having the same name as "Turkey" is detrimental to the national image, and they think their country name should be respected.

Long-term author | Blue sky and clear distance

A veteran lover of history

Editor in charge | ｜Thomas

Graduate of London School of Economics and Political Science | Editor-in-Chief of Global Intelligence

—(End of full text)—

This article is the original content of "Global Intelligence Agent"

Unauthorized reprinting is prohibited.

Welcome and share in the circle of friends and friends.

Original title: "Goodbye" Chicken "! The English name of Turkey will be changed from Turkey to Turkey? 》

Read the original text

Cctv news A few days ago, the Fudan Science and Technology Pioneer Forum, hosted by Fudan University School of Management, co-hosted by Fudan University MBA Program, Fudan University School of Management Science and Technology Office and Management Education Promotion and Development Center, was successfully held. With the theme of "We ·WOMEN: Walking in the Frontline", this forum invites senior scholars, content creators and science and technology entrepreneurs who are deeply involved in the fields of artificial intelligence, human and evolutionary genetics, life science and digital art to exchange and share staged research results and cutting-edge views.

Exploring the frontier of science and technology: the breakthrough and contribution of female scholars in scientific research

Ceng Xuan, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, gave a speech entitled "There is light at the end of Moore", pointing out that integrated circuits have become the cornerstone of intelligent work in all walks of life, and the new development of artificial intelligence is the revolution based on chip technology. She believes that in the future, China will be able to develop its own EDA system and realize the innovative guidance of "no one has me".

Professor and doctoral supervisor, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Ceng Xuan.

Huang Xuanjing, a professor and doctoral supervisor at Fudan University School of Computer Science, introduced the concept of "large-scale language model" in his speech. She said: "I have never felt so close to general artificial intelligence. This is the most exciting period for me to work in artificial intelligence for so many years. As a woman engaged in artificial intelligence work, I feel both happy and very heavy. "

Huang Xuanjing is a professor and doctoral supervisor at School of Computer Science, Fudan University.

Fu Qiaomei, a researcher at the Institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Molecular Paleontology Laboratory, focused on the topic of "Decoding the Evolutionary Map of East Asian Population with Ancient DNA", and introduced the scientific research achievements obtained in recent years. She emphasized the importance of the spirit of free exploration in interdisciplinary and related basic research, and should be curious, open-ended and dare to question. In the process of pursuing the dream of scientific research, we should turn ideas into actions and realize them little by little.

Fu Qiaomei, researcher of vertebrate paleontology Institute of Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of molecular paleontology laboratory.

Science and Technology Ecosphere and Digital Art Market: Two-way Driven Information Revolution

Cen Song, director of the Science and Technology Innovation Office of Fudan University School of Management, understands science and technology innovation from the perspective of innovation with the theme of "building and empowering science and technology innovation ecosystem". She believes that enterprise management and science and technology innovation must be driven by two engines, with science and technology innovation enterprises as the main body, management empowerment and science and technology innovation as the starting point according to their dynamic development needs, and linkage with relevant stakeholders to create an innovative portfolio.

Director of Science and Technology Innovation Office of Fudan University School of Management, and EMBA alumnus of Fudan University.

Liu Yinmeng, founder and CEO of OUTPUT digital content platform, shared her entrepreneurial inspiration during her work in new york contemporary art market — — Changes in the identity of creators and artistic creation tools in the art market will trigger a new trend of digital content industry.

Liu Yinmeng Founder and CEO of OUTPUT Digital Content Platform　

Roundtable dialogue: female science and technology entrepreneurs shine unique light in management.

In the round-table dialogue, three female science and technology entrepreneurs in the biomedical industry discussed how to release the power of female leaders in practice and promote the growth and development of science and technology.

From left to right: Professor Feng Tianjun, alumnus Tao Chunlei, Ms. Lu Lilang, alumnus of Yang Lili.

Tao Chunlei, founder and chairman of Anhui Wanbang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. and an alumnus of Fudan Kechuang Entrepreneur Camp, said that at different stages of enterprise development, there will be corresponding strategies and management priorities. She emphasizes the gentleness and firmness in female characteristics, which will shine a unique light in management.

Lu Lilang, general manager of Shanghai Zhijiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. said that engaging in the biomedical industry is not only a job, but also a service for human health, so it is very happy.

Yang Lili, the chief talent officer of Clover Biopharmaceutical and an alumnus of Fudan Kechuang Entrepreneur Camp, recalled his initial intention to join the bio-pharmaceutical entrepreneurial track. She believes that managers need to constantly build a talent system and transform the known talents and organizations into a replicable and systematic model. As a female manager, you should be good at changing your identity flexibly.

"Scientific research has nothing to do with gender, and innovation has no boundaries." Finally, Professor Feng Tianjun summed up the triple beauty of women in science and technology innovation — — The beauty of mission, the beauty of resilience and strength, and the beauty of internal and external cultivation. (Li Ce Tang Aiyi)

　 　Special feature of 1905 film network 　In Darwin’s theory of species evolution, the most important link is that apes walk upright. However, this hypothesis, scientists only give the conclusion of gene mutation, but it can’t explain why only humans have evolved to this stage for hundreds of millions of years. Are the days of other species all in vain?

　 　 How human beings were born is still uncertain, but for the final end of human civilization, everyone’s guess is basically the same, that is, robots will take over human beings and become the masters of the earth. Mechanical Ji is a science fiction movie based on this idea.

　 　 Caleb, a programmer working in a well-known search engine company, was lucky enough to win a grand prize from the company. He will go to the villa built by his boss Nathan in the mountains and spend a week’s holiday with Nathan.

There is something uneasy about the excitement.

　 　 In fact, the beginning of the film is a bit far-fetched. What kind of company would arrange it like this? Let male employees spend a week with their male boss, is it a super jackpot? Fortunately, our protagonist Caleb doesn’t care about these details. Like an excited child, he goes by helicopter to receive the grand prize.

It’s amazing to go deep into the boss’s private forbidden area by helicopter.

　 　 In this fortress-like villa, Nathan explained the real purpose of this trip to Caleb. It turns out that our local boss is still a super scientist. Isn’t it a bit familiar? It’s just a replica of Iron Man.

　 　 However, what Nathan developed is not the ultimate weapon, but the intelligent robot Ava.

　 　 Poor Caleb realized at this moment that what he said on the surface was actually coming to the boss’s house to work overtime. However, the content of overtime is really attractive. He communicated with Ava and conducted a Turing test to test whether Ava has become a real artificial intelligence with self-awareness and self-awareness. Once successful, history and future will be rewritten.

　 　 During the conversation, Ava used her own ability to short-circuit the current in the boss’s house, taking this opportunity to avoid Nathan’s all-round monitoring.

　 　 And warned Caleb that the local tyrant boss could not be trusted, and there was an unknown secret behind him.

　 　 With the deepening of communication, Caleb found that Ava was not like an artificial intelligence under test, but more like a poor girl imprisoned by Nathan, and Ava began to tell Caleb that she had fallen in love with him.

　 　 Between man and machine, the lust beyond species has been born, which makes Caleb, who was originally a science lover, crazy, and he gradually fell into the whirlpool of emotion.

　 　 In fact, after seeing Ava show her love, I think we should learn from the old-timers to reduce the risk of artificial intelligence. Instead of designing such a delicate and touching girl, we should make it a mailbox robot like that in Star Wars. I believe you won’t be tempted anyway … …

Of course, I believe that there will be people who are "tempted" by R2D2.

　 　 In view of Ava’s performance, Caleb argued with Nathan. Is her kindness the result of artificial intelligence or Nathan’s preset? Or both?

　 　 Of course, no matter what the final result is, Nathan will destroy this version of Ava and rebuild it for a new test.

　 　 However, people are not as good as the sky. Caleb hacked into the security system and found Nathan’s previous research videos before Nathan revealed the mystery. As Nathan said, before Ava, there have been countless experimental samples. Even Kyoko, a girl who has been cleaning the housework around them, is also a robot.

　 　 Caleb was so shocked that he even doubted whether he was a human or a robot.

　 　 Just as Caleb and Ava agreed on the escape plan, Nathan appeared, and it turned out that all this was under his supervision.

　 　 This time he revealed the truth completely. This artificial intelligence test was originally tailored for Caleb, and even Ava’s appearance was modified according to Caleb’s preferences. Everything was to test whether Ava could successfully seduce Caleb and achieve the ultimate goal of escaping from the laboratory.

　 　 But something beyond his calculation happened. When Keller realized that their original plan would be discovered by Nathan, he planned ahead and liberated Ava completely. Ava, who is free, kills Nathan with Kyoko and escapes alone.

　 　 In the end, the prince and the princess didn’t live happily together. Ava, as an artificial intelligence, didn’t fall in love. She just used Caleb purely, and after the escape plan was successful, she kept Caleb in the villa to die alive.

　 　 Humans are sometimes so naive that they always think that all creatures will act according to their expected behavior patterns and moral norms. However, for another species, the so-called emotion and morality are all things in the category of human nature. Under another set of reconstructed behavior logic, these human rules are simply not worth mentioning.

　 　 Ava finally entered the metropolis, where a new civilization is about to open.

Interview video

Interview site

Lu Mingxia, Director of Monitoring Room 1, Institute of Immunization Planning, Henan CDC

　　Vaccination is the most direct and effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. National Health Commission recently published "Procedures and Instructions for Children’s Immunization under the National Immunization Program (2021 Edition)", which made the latest planning and adjustment on vaccination age, vaccination site, replanting principle and other contents. On the afternoon of March 18th, Lu Mingxia, director of the first monitoring room of the Institute of Immunization Planning of the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, made a guest visit to the online interview program of Henan government website to interpret the new national immunization program and introduce the vaccination situation of children in Henan province.

　　There are four changes in the new immunization program, and the supplementary vaccination of children is extended to 18 years old.

　　"Vaccination is the most direct, effective and economical measure to prevent infectious diseases, and immunization planning vaccine refers to the vaccine that is vaccinated for school-age children free of charge according to national procedures, and it is also a vaccine that must be vaccinated." Lu Mingxia introduced that the National Immunization Program for Children (2021 Edition) is the latest version of the children’s immunization program in our country. Compared with 2016, there are four main changes.

　　First, the age of replanting is prolonged. The age range of coverage has been expanded from 14 years old and below to 18 years old. On the one hand, the definition of adults in China is over 18 years old, and on the other hand, it has laid a foundation for promoting vaccination and replanting of adolescents in the future.

　　The second is to clarify the inoculation site. When a variety of vaccines are inoculated at the same time, they can be inoculated in the left and right arms and the left and right thighs respectively, which is more specific than the 2016 version of "Two or more vaccines should be inoculated in different parts".

　　Third, the use of vaccines is more operational. For example, in the part of hepatitis B vaccine, it is more operable to vaccinate newborns and low-birth-weight infants born to mothers with positive or unknown hepatitis B surface antigen, and in the part of BCG, the principle of BCG vaccination for premature infants has been added.

　　Fourth, the vaccination guidelines for children with special health status have been added. Detailed guidelines are defined for vaccination of children with premature delivery, low birth weight, allergy, abnormal immune function, jaundice, liver disease, encephalopathy and common congenital diseases.

　　"In short, the new national immunization program is more detailed, which is conducive to the implementation of vaccination doctors and the healthy growth of children." Lu Mingxia said.

　　Vaccination should be kept on time and throughout the whole process.childrenVaccination certificate

　　According to Lu Mingxia, since 1978, the state has been vaccinating people in a planned way to prevent infectious diseases. According to the needs of infectious disease prevention and control, the content of children’s immunization program has been increased and adjusted several times. At present, there are 11 kinds of vaccines for children in Henan Province to prevent 12 kinds of infectious diseases, that is, "11 vaccines against 12 diseases". "There are more than 1 million newborns born every year in the province, and the vaccination rate is over 90%. An immune barrier has been established among the population. The incidence of these 12 vaccine-targeted infectious diseases is very low, such as polio, also known as polio. There have been no cases in Henan for 28 consecutive years."

　　Lu Mingxia reminds parents that vaccine is the best health gift for their children. They should take their children to be vaccinated in time and vaccinate them on time and in the whole process according to the provisions of immunization procedures. If you miss the vaccination time for special reasons, it will increase the risk of disease exposure, and replant it in time when conditions permit. In addition, we must keep the vaccination certificate well, so as not to affect children’s normal attendance at kindergarten and primary school. (Text/Yin Xinyu Zhu Ping Zhao Meng Camera/Mu Yu Wang Shuangfei Jia Zhihao Clip/Jiang Yuxi)

　　Correspondent Tang Tang Our reporter Zhang Wei

　　When people get sick, they often have to hang water to take medicine. However, after the drug enters the human body, it is not smooth sailing to reach the designated position, stay for a longer time, be better absorbed, and avoid being accidentally injured by friendly forces.

　　In recent 20 years, more and more new nano-pharmaceutical preparations have flooded into the market, and nano-liposomes with the name of "small steamed buns" in the carrier have emerged as the times require. This kind of vesicle with nanometer particle size formed by lipid bilayer can wrap drugs with great toxic and side effects, poor stability and rapid degradation. By fusing with the cell membrane, the carried drugs are concentrated in the focus, so as to achieve targeted administration, and at the same time, the curative effect can be improved, the toxicity can be reduced, and the stability can be enhanced.

　　Recently, Professor Gu Ning of Southeast University led a team to break the technical barriers abroad, overcome the key technologies of nano-lipid materials, built the first domestic and largest production line of lipid nanoparticles in the world, and won the first prize of scientific and technological progress in Jiangsu Province.

　　Then, how does this nano-scale "little one" take on the heavy responsibility of "packaging" and "transporting" through-train service? What other unknown uses do nanoliposomes have besides their great potential in drug carriers?

　　Known as the secret weapon of "rejuvenation"

　　The formation of liposomes is due to the self-assembly properties of a substance called phospholipids. Phospholipid is an amphiphilic substance, one end is hydrophilic and the other is lipophilic. Due to the particularity of its molecular configuration, phospholipid will spontaneously assemble into a bimolecular membrane structure in water, and part of it will be wrapped inside, which is usually called "vesicle".

　　The earliest liposomes were naturally formed in water. After scientists discovered its special skills, they tried to synthesize phospholipid compounds by artificial methods in order to achieve the purpose of mass production. The diameter of liposomes is usually tens of nanometers to tens of millimeters, and "nano-liposomes" are liposomes with nanometer particle size.

　　The membrane structure of lipid nanomaterials is very close to the cell membrane, which provides convenience for drug delivery and absorption. Therefore, liposomes can wrap the effective components and introduce them into cells, so that the effective components can easily enter cells.

　　In many common drugs, liposomes are responsible. Such as antineoplastic drugs, drugs targeting reticuloendothelial system, protein and nucleic acid drugs, antibacterial drugs, anti-inflammatory hormone drugs, etc. Moreover, the drug with liposome as the carrier "skin is not delicate" can be administered in any way, including intravenous injection, subcutaneous and intramuscular injection, oral administration, pulmonary administration and skin administration.

　　"The size of liposomes is related to the route of administration and drug release rate, but nano-sized liposomes have obvious advantages as drug carriers." Professor Gu Ning told reporters that daunorubicin liposomes, for example, have a particle size of 60-mdash; 120 nm, because of its small particle size, it is not easily recognized by phagocytes of reticuloendothelial system after entering the blood circulation, so it can stay in the blood circulation for a long time. At the same time, the pharmaceutical preparation has no obvious cardiotoxicity.

　　In recent years, more and more nanoliposome drugs have flooded into the international market and become the fastest-growing high-end pharmaceutical preparation in the world. Nanoliposomes not only play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry, but also act as a professional "courier" in cosmetics. It can keep the activity of cosmetics well, so that growth factors and other ingredients can enter the stratum corneum faster and more completely, thus enhancing the cell repair ability. Therefore, liposome encapsulation is known as the secret weapon of "rejuvenation".

　　Oil-loving and hydrophilic "amphiphilicity" increases the difficulty of mass production

　　In recent years, in the international pharmaceutical field, dexterous and multifunctional nanoliposomes have almost become "online celebrity".

　　At present, a total of 29 nanoliposome drugs have been approved for marketing in the world. In addition, there are 87 nanoliposome drugs in clinical research stage and 132 nanoliposome drugs in preclinical research stage. Among them, there are 13 nanoliposome drugs approved for marketing by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

　　In sharp contrast, only three nanoliposome drugs in China have been approved for production, namely paclitaxel liposome for injection, doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome and amphotericin B liposome for injection.

　　But 10 years ago, the related drugs and cosmetics in China were blank, and the people in China could not touch them at all, because the key technologies of lipid nanomaterials were in the hands of foreigners.

　　The international market share of nanoliposome drugs is increasing year by year, but the industrialization development in this field in China has been slow. "The reason is that the lipid nanomaterials needed by nanoliposome drugs are completely imported, and their prices far exceed the raw materials themselves; Second, the quality, purity and stability of domestic liposome pharmaceutical preparations need to be improved; Third, the assembly technology of lipid nano-materials and the preparation technology of lipid nano-drugs have high requirements and great difficulties. " Professor Gu Ning told reporters.

　　In 1970s, when liposomes were first used as drug carriers, they were once ignored because of their extremely unstable structure and low drug encapsulation efficiency. With the in-depth study of liposomes, the existing problems have been solved initially. In the early 1990s, economical and efficient anti-fungal and anti-cancer drug liposomes were put into the market, which greatly promoted the research and development of liposomes.

　　Lipid nano-materials have unique hydrophilic and lipophilic "amphipathy", which makes it possible to add lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs and active ingredients to the same drug at the same time.

　　However, researchers have also found that the amphiphilic nature of lipid nanomaterials is a double-edged sword, which not only provides convenience for drug loading, but also increases the difficulty of mass production. Therefore, the preparation process of lipid nano-materials is complex, which makes it difficult to remove impurities, and it is difficult to purify intermediates and products, so it is difficult to achieve mass production.

　　It is also a treasure to use "the wind blows on both sides"

　　The raw materials for preparing nanoliposomes are not complicated, but if you can’t master the doorway, you can’t make qualified nanoliposomes.

　　Well-made liposomes have a phospholipid bimolecular shell, which is very similar to the structure of cell membrane, and they are very small, and their diameters are basically below 150 nanometers, which is helpful for the penetration of active substances.

　　To realize the localization of lipid nanomaterials, the synthesis process is particularly important. Therefore, Professor Gu Ning’s team put forward an innovative new process for synthesis and purification of lipid nanomaterials. Through self-made separation filler and independent separation and purification technology, they realized the industrialization of high-purity lipid nano-medicinal carrier materials.

　　Lipid nano-materials are hydrophilic at one end and lipophilic at the other, which seems to be "the wind blows on both sides", so how to use them well is also very particular. After repeated experiments, researchers finally found a "trick up my sleeve". "We creatively put oil-soluble drugs on the oleophilic outer layer and water-soluble drugs on the hydrophilic inner layer, giving full play to the role of drugs, and truly fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses." Professor Gu Ning said.

　　According to Professor Gu Ning, they developed a new process for the synthesis and purification of lipid nanomaterials, which used a "one-pot" reaction to prepare key intermediates, and the yield was doubled. At the same time, the liposome coordination technology broke through the key bottleneck of the assembly of glycyrrhizic acid drug phospholipid complex. Diammonium glycyrrhizinate was complexed with phosphatidylcholine, a lipid material, to form a lipid complex, which greatly improved the lipophilicity of glycyrrhizic acid and made it easier to cross the multiple membrane structures of the digestive tract and enter the blood circulation, effectively solving the problem of low oral bioavailability of glycyrrhizic acid.

　　After the success of the project, the price of domestic lipid nano-materials dropped significantly, which significantly reduced the overall cost of liposome drugs. In addition, lipid nanoparticles technology has been widely used in domestic first-line cosmetics companies, and it has played a great role in preparing cosmetics with whitening, anti-aging and wrinkle removal functions.

1905 movie network news　A few days ago, the film was scheduled for the New Year’s Day in 2021 and returned to the Spring Festival file. The discussion and expectation of movies on various platforms have been climbing all the way, and the ticketing platform has been constantly refreshed. The netizens are excited to comment: "I finally wait for you!" When Detective Chinatown 3 returned from new york, he was happy to visit Tokyo. Both the production and the lineup were upgraded in an all-round way.

Masami Nagasawa

As early as the end of the film, director Chen Sicheng planted the seeds of the third stop in Tokyo, and Tsumabuki Satoshi played Japanese detective Noda Hao, calling Tang Renhe and Qin Feng for help. When the audience finished watching it, they spontaneously left a message under the Detective Chinatown 3 movie item in advance, "If only there were Masami Nagasawa … …” I thought it was an unrealistic wish, but unexpectedly, the Asian goddess really came! As one of the most popular Japanese actresses in China, the joining of "Ma Jiang" Masami Nagasawa surprised fans. A half-joking comment in 2018 turned out to be a dream come true. Masami Nagasawa once said in an interview that he likes Tang Tan 2 very much, which has China’s unique sense of joy and joy, and the script of Tang Tan 3 is more attractive. With its powerful IP power, the "Tang Detective" series attracts the best filmmakers in the world.

Netizens expect Masami Nagasawa to join.

Other actors in Detective Chinatown 3 are equally heavy, including Starlight Glimmer, the Asian All-Star Team. Tsumabuki Satoshi, an old friend and starring in Tang Tan series; Tony Jia, the most famous action star in Thailand, has been exporting super-hot dramas in series and other films; Shōta Sometani who contributed a wonderful performance in the film; Honami Suzuki, who plays the role of Li Xiang and creates the memory of the times; As well as powerful actors Tadanobu Asano and Tomokazu Miura, will gather in Tokyo to meet the ultimate secret room problem.

Among them, Japanese detective Tsumabuki Satoshi and Thai detective Tony Jia, together with Wang Baoqiang and Haoran Liu, formed the "Asian Detective Union" to solve the most difficult cases since the Tang Detective Series. The four detectives have different cultural backgrounds, skills and personalities. They love each other and kill each other all the way, and they collide with more jokes. "They want to laugh when they stand together." Can the new "Asian Detective League" solve the puzzle and find the mysterious Q, and what role will the goddess Masami Nagasawa play? Detective Chinatown 3 meets you on the first day of 2021!

Although Wang Jianlin and his son returned to the top ten of the rich list, Wanda’s "selling and selling" did not seem to stop.

Eye-catching investigation shows that recently, Yantai Zhifu wanda plaza Co., Ltd. has also undergone industrial and commercial changes, and the original wholly-owned shareholder Dalian Wanda Commercial Management Group Co., Ltd. has withdrawn. In addition, Yichun wanda plaza Investment Co., Ltd. has also undergone a number of industrial and commercial changes recently, and the original wholly-owned shareholder Dalian Wanda Commercial Management Group Co., Ltd. withdrew.

Equity changes in a number of wanda plaza have attracted market attention. Previously, Wanda had transferred the equity of its affiliated companies in wanda plaza.

Continue to "sell and sell"

At the beginning of July, two more wanda plaza changed hands.

Yantai Zhifu wanda plaza Co., Ltd. experienced industrial and commercial changes, and Wanda Commercial Management, the original wholly-owned shareholder, withdrew, and Kunhua (Tianjin) Equity Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership) and Kunyuan Chenxing (Xiamen) Investment Management Consulting Co., Ltd. were newly added as shareholders, holding about 99.99% and 0.01% respectively, while several key personnel changed.

According to Wanda Commercial Management official website, Yantai Zhifu wanda plaza opened in November 2014, with a commercial area of 185,900 square meters.

In addition, Wanda also transferred Yichun wanda plaza Investment Company. A few days ago, Yichun wanda plaza Investment Co., Ltd. underwent industrial and commercial changes. Dalian Wanda Commercial Management Group Co., Ltd., the original wholly-owned shareholder, withdrew, and Jiangxi Chengze Real Estate Management Co., Ltd. was newly added as a shareholder, with full shareholding. At the same time, the name of the enterprise was changed to Yichun Zetao Commercial Investment Co., Ltd., and its legal representative and key personnel were also changed.

Xiaoxiang morning herald reporter noted that since 2023, many wanda plaza have changed hands.

Wanda plaza in Shanghai Jinshan, wanda plaza in Guangzhou Luogang, wanda plaza in Huzhou, wanda plaza in Taicang and other wanda plaza shares were changed last year.

Since the beginning of this year, there have been successive industrial and commercial changes in wanda plaza in front of Xiamen Temple, wanda plaza in Hohhot, wanda plaza in Haikou, wanda plaza in Baihuting in Fuzhou and wanda plaza in Hefei.

It is worth noting that in April this year, wanda plaza, the headquarters of Wanda Group, located in Dawang Road, Beijing, was also sold.

However, in 2019, Wang Jianlin once said that Wanda Commercial is the core of Wanda, and any enterprise can put it, except Wanda Commercial.

Insurance department is the main force to take over

Wanda started the "selling and selling" mode. Who took over? According to incomplete statistics, most of the assets sold by Wanda have introduced insurance companies as new shareholders, including New China Life Insurance, Sunshine Insurance and Everybody Insurance.

For example, the people who took over Yantai Zhifu wanda plaza this time are New China Life Insurance and CICC Capital.

The equity penetration chart shows that New China Life Insurance and CICC Capital Operation Co., Ltd. respectively hold 99.99% and 0.01% of the shares of Kunhua (Tianjin) Equity Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership), and two natural person shareholders of Kunyuan Chenxing (Xiamen) Investment Management Consulting Co., Ltd. also work in CICC related companies.

In April this year, the new shareholders of Yantai Zhifu wanda plaza also took over Beijing wanda plaza Industrial Co., Ltd.

In addition, Suzhou Lianshang No.1 in Hefei wanda plaza was accepted at the end of May. Its indirect controlling shareholder is Lishui Lianrong No.1 Equity Investment Partnership (Limited Partnership), and its ultimate controlling shareholder is Sunshine Life Insurance, which is a holding subsidiary of Sunshine Insurance.

Last December, Suzhou Lianshang No.1 also successively took over a number of wanda plaza located in Taicang, Huzhou, Shanghai and Guangzhou.

Another example is that everyone is insured.

According to public information, at the end of May last year, Everyone Insurance indirectly included Wanda’s Shanghai Songjiang wanda plaza, Xining Haihu wanda plaza and Jiangmen Taishan wanda plaza shopping centers; In October, he won wanda plaza in Zhoupu.

Asset sales may continue.

In addition to the above-mentioned wanda plaza, Wanda also put its film and hotel business on the shelves.

On December 26th, 2023, Wanda Group sold the assets of Shanghai Wanda Ruihua Hotel. Prior to this, there was a major equity change in WANDA CINEMAS. Shanghai Ruyi Investment Management Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Tencent, realized the wholly-owned holding of Beijing Wanda Investment Co., Ltd. and became the largest shareholder of WANDA CINEMAS.

Why does Wanda continue to "sell and sell"? This is not unrelated to its tight capital chain.

On December 28th last year, according to the information disclosed by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the prospectus of Zhuhai Wanda Commercial Management Group Co., Ltd. was invalid again. This is the fourth failure of the prospectus submitted by Zhuhai Wanda Commercial Management.

It is reported that Zhuhai Wanda Commercial Management Company applies for listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. If it cannot be successfully listed by the end of 2023, Wanda Commercial Management Group will have to pay about 38 billion yuan of equity repurchase to investors before listing.

Due to the delay in hitting the IPO of Hong Kong stocks, Wanda chose to sell some of its assets nationwide in exchange for liquidity in order to ease the pressure on gambling.

Although in mid-December 2023, Wanda reached an agreement with investors and introduced 60 billion investment to give Wanda a break. However, it remains to be seen whether this huge sum of money can be successfully put in place. Since the beginning of this year, Wanda is still selling its core assets. Some market voices say that in order to alleviate the financial pressure, Wanda will continue to sell its assets.

Xiaoxiang morning herald Chili Finance reporter Luo Yaqi

Original title: Wanda continues to "slim"! Wanda plaza changed hands again. Who are the takers?

　　This newspaper (reporter Wang Shanshan from Zhongqing Daily and Zhongqing.com) on November 15th, China Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Foundation and Zeping Macro officially released the Report on the Development of Youth Entrepreneurship in China (2022) (hereinafter referred to as the Report). The Report consists of six parts: the current situation of entrepreneurship development, the portrait of youth entrepreneurship groups in China, the measures to promote youth entrepreneurship development in typical cities, the index of youth entrepreneurship development in China, the ranking of urban youth entrepreneurship development in China and suggestions.

　　According to the Report, innovation and entrepreneurship in China presents a high-quality development trend, with a considerable number of ventures, high venture capital activity, simultaneous follow-up by innovation and service institutions, and an excellent overall entrepreneurial environment. The Report points out that youth entrepreneurship is characterized by youthfulness, high education and small start-up capital. The main force of entrepreneurship is mainly undergraduate and junior college, focusing on agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, wholesale and retail, education and culture. Nearly 70% of entrepreneurial youth have a start-up capital of less than 100,000 yuan. More than half of young entrepreneurs’ profits and losses fluctuate, and 70% of young entrepreneurs start making profits within three years. 54% of college entrepreneurs have participated in entrepreneurship competition, 62% of young entrepreneurs in emerging science and technology believe that innovative and entrepreneurial platforms such as entrepreneurial parks and incubators have greatly helped their entrepreneurial success, and 56.2% of returning entrepreneurs are college students.

　　In recent years, various localities have launched targeted measures to effectively help young people start businesses. The research group of the Report conducted field research in Guangzhou, Qingdao, Chongqing, Zhengzhou and Shenyang, and found that Guangzhou pays attention to building innovative and entrepreneurial training brands and promoting the integrated development of entrepreneurial projects and industries. Qingdao has strengthened and upgraded the mode of "group-bank cooperation" and improved the financial support for entrepreneurship. Chongqing relies on the help brand project "Qingfeng Plan" to solve the financing problem in the early stage of youth entrepreneurship. Zhengzhou established the Incubation Carrier Industry Association to build a bridge between the government and enterprise carriers and stimulate the vitality of "double innovation". Shenyang has built a team of "five in one" entrepreneurial tutors and diversified resources to support entrepreneurship.

　　According to the Report, with the continuous improvement of the national entrepreneurial environment and the continuous refinement of entrepreneurial support policies, from 2015 to 2021, the China Youth Entrepreneurship Development Index rose from 100 to 171.0. Among the 50 youth entrepreneurship-friendly cities in 2021, Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai rank among the top three, while first-tier cities, developed provincial capitals and developed prefecture-level cities in the east rank among the top. The Report pointed out that venture capital, social resources and knowledge reserves are the main difficulties faced by young entrepreneurs, and increasing the support of preferential tax policies for entrepreneurship and simplifying administrative examination and approval procedures are the main demands of over 60% of young entrepreneurs.

　　The Report suggests that, macroscopically, we should improve the efficiency of market resource allocation, boost the confidence of micro-subjects, launch a package of policies led by new infrastructure and expand domestic demand for consumer investment, so as to provide a good environment for young people to innovate and start businesses and guide new directions. Microscopically, we should set up organizations for rural entrepreneurship, organize youth entrepreneurship exchange activities, open a green channel for the application of entrepreneurial invention patents, build a "policy-connected" platform for regional entrepreneurship, and build a national public service platform for entrepreneurial youth from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan to help young people innovate and start businesses in an all-round way.

　　China Youth Entrepreneurship and Employment Foundation started the research on youth entrepreneurship in 2017, and continuously published annual reports, aiming at sorting out the evolution and trends of China’s entrepreneurship policies, summarizing the characteristics, problems, difficulties and demands of youth entrepreneurship based on the follow-up survey of the current situation of youth entrepreneurship in China, judging the dynamic trend of youth entrepreneurship, and combining with the work related to youth entrepreneurship services, putting forward policy suggestions to promote the development of youth entrepreneurship.

In the autumn season, the vast fields are full of bumper harvests.

In the rice fields of Qing ‘an County, Heilongjiang Province, the combine harvester shuttles back and forth, and the golden rice keeps flowing into the grain truck. "Big base with big equipment, fast and good. There are more than 1.3 million mu of rice in the county, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of field operations is 96.8%. " Fan Jun, director of Qing ‘an Agricultural Technology Extension Center, said.

Zhengyang Lu Hua Luzhou-flavor Peanut Oil Co., Ltd. in Zhengyang County, Henan Province, the automatic production line keeps running, producing 6,000 barrels of fine peanut oil per hour. "From selling raw materials to selling products and brands, the county has built a peanut industry chain covering planting, deep processing, futures delivery, spot trade and cultural tourism." Guan Xia, director of the Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Zhengyang County, said.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out during his inspection tour in Jiangxi: "Insist on developing agriculture through industry, quality and green, and make agriculture a big industry". During his inspection tour in Heilongjiang, the Supreme Leader stressed: "We should take the development of modern agriculture as the main direction, speed up the construction of modern agricultural bases, large enterprises and large industries, and take the lead in realizing the modernization of agricultural materials and equipment, science and technology, management and management, agricultural informationization and sustainable utilization of resources."

This year is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it is a crucial year to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and accelerate the construction of an agricultural power. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, China’s agricultural modernization has made great progress, with abundant crops for planting, flourishing animal husbandry and six kinds of livestock, and the development of rural characteristic industries. The broad masses of cadres and people have worked hard to make agriculture a big industry and realize agricultural and rural modernization at an early date.

Construct a high-quality and efficient diversified supply system to ensure the stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "No matter how high the degree of social modernization is, the stable supply of food and important agricultural products for more than 1.4 billion people is always a top priority."

To build agriculture into a big industry and build a diversified supply system with high quality and high efficiency, we must first firmly hold the rice bowl in our own hands.

In the harvest season, Huang Siwen, a large grain grower, is grabbing rice in the high-standard farmland of Sangtian Town, Nanfeng County, Jiangxi Province. "This year, 2,500 mu of mid-season rice was planted, and the yield per mu was about 1,300 Jin." Huang Siwen said, "The grain subsidy was put in place in time, the agricultural technology guidance went straight to Tiantou, and the’ big iron cow’ helped the whole process. This year is another bumper harvest year."

There must be strong support behind big bases and big equipment.

Strong policy-the state has improved the "trinity" policy system of price, subsidy and insurance, issued a one-time subsidy of 10 billion yuan to actual grain farmers, and the central government timely issued agricultural disaster prevention and relief funds … The policy measures are solid, stable expectations and strong confidence.

Strong science and technology-improved varieties are planted, good farming methods are used, and agricultural machinery is galloping. The contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress in the country has reached 62.4%, the coverage rate of improved varieties of crops has exceeded 96%, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation has exceeded 73%. From "knowing how to farm" to "cultivating wisely", "golden pole" has continuously injected new kinetic energy into modern agriculture.

Strong foundation-high-standard farmland construction, black land protection, and high-yield demonstration area creation take a multi-pronged approach. Oda has become a big field, and "dividends" have been continuously released. By the end of 2022, a total of 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland had been built in China, which ensured a stable grain production capacity of more than 1 trillion Jin.

Strong service-planting good land and increasing grain production, financial support is indispensable. With the increasing financial support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, financial institutions have also increased credit support. In the first three quarters of this year, the Agricultural Bank of China invested more than 200 billion yuan in loans in key grain areas.

Strong support brings steady development. China’s grain production has been bumper year after year, and the total output has been stable at more than 1.3 trillion Jin for eight consecutive years. According to the agricultural dispatch of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, as of October 22nd, the national autumn grain harvest has reached 81.3%, and the increase of autumn grain production is a foregone conclusion, and the annual grain output is expected to hit a new record high.

Ask for food from the forest, from rivers, lakes and seas, and from facility agriculture. Build agriculture into a big industry, coordinate grain, economy, feeding, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing, and build a diversified supply system with high quality and high efficiency.

In the Gobi Eco-agricultural Industrial Park in Suzhou District, Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, vegetables and melons are full of vitality. Qin Cunguo, a vegetable grower, said: "Since the automatic control equipment of water and fertilizer integration was used, irrigated land has become irrigated seedlings. The average water consumption per mu is nearly half that of Datian, saving water and increasing production, and fresh vegetables are kept in the four seasons. "

Gao Fuliang, a farmer in Qiantang Village, beside the fish pond in Yuyue Town, Deqing County, Zhejiang Province, said: "With the continuous upgrading of fish pond facilities and the new green farming technology, the water is good and the fish grow better."

According to local conditions, based on resource endowment, all localities give full play to their comparative advantages. In addition to more than 1.9 billion mu of cultivated land, more than 4 billion mu of woodland, nearly 4 billion mu of grassland and a large number of rivers, lakes and seas have gradually become an important part of the diversified food supply system.

Facility agriculture has contributed a lot. At present, the planting area of modern facilities in China has reached 40 million mu, and about 70% of meat, eggs and milk and 52% of cultured aquatic products are provided by facility farming.

Extend the industrial chain, upgrade the value chain and expand the space for agricultural development.

Industrial revitalization is the top priority of rural revitalization.

When General Secretary of Supreme Leader presided over the symposium to promote the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China in the new era, he pointed out: "Cooperate to promote the primary processing and intensive processing of agricultural products, extend the industrial chain, upgrade the value chain, expand the space for agricultural development, and promote agricultural efficiency and farmers’ income."

To build agriculture into a big industry, we should ponder over the word "native products" and build an agricultural industrial system with integrated production, marketing and sales.

Chestnut mushrooms grow just right in the greenhouse of Shanghegu Food Co., Ltd. in Qianxi County, Hebei Province. Zhang Jixiao, the person in charge of the company, said: "From planting chestnuts to planting chestnuts and mushrooms, the company is planning to build a production and processing base to extend the industrial chain of chestnuts."

The data show that the total cultivation of edible fungi industry in Qianxi County, mainly chestnut mushrooms, reached 100 million sticks, and the annual output of fresh mushrooms was 20,000 tons, achieving an output value of nearly 400 million yuan. A variety of chestnut powder, chestnut cakes and so on are also listed in hardcover. The cultivation area is 750,000 mu, the annual output is 80,000 tons, and the brand value is 3.409 billion yuan. Small chestnut has grown into a big industry moving to the west.

Looking at the whole country, the countryside is suitable for industry and the industry is prosperous. Relying on the characteristic resources, all localities have transformed the advantages of rural resources, ecology and culture into the advantages of products and industries, and formed a number of "township name" and "local name" brands, and made great articles on local products. Up to now, China has built 300 national modern agricultural industrial parks, 180 industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, and 1,509 towns with strong agricultural industries, and the conversion rate of agricultural products processing has reached 72%.

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said: "In the future, the construction of agricultural industrial chain will be further strengthened, and efforts should be made in R&D, production, processing, storage and transportation, sales, brand, experience, consumption and service to comprehensively improve the stability of the industrial system, and take multiple measures to expand the space for agricultural value-added and efficiency, strengthen the industrial chain, and improve the system of increasing income with agriculture."

To build agriculture into a big industry, it is necessary to cultivate new industries and formats in rural areas, promote agricultural efficiency and increase farmers’ income.

At the live broadcast base of e-commerce industrial park in Ningling County, Henan Province, the live broadcasters are recommending various agricultural products to netizens, and the atmosphere is hot. In the nearby logistics sorting center, workers are busy packing and loading cars to transport all kinds of agricultural products to various places. With the help of more than 1,000 online stores in the e-commerce industrial park, the annual sales volume of Ningling crisp pears has exceeded 100 million Jin. Not only do pears sell well, but also tourists come in droves.

New industries and new formats activate the great potential of rural industries. There are more than 300,000 leisure agriculture business entities in China, and the annual operating income exceeds 700 billion yuan. There are more than 30,000 e-commerce companies involved in agriculture, and the retail sales of rural networks exceed 2 trillion yuan. The deep integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas will drive more farmers to achieve local employment. In the first three quarters of this year, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 15,705 yuan, a real increase of 7.3% after deducting the price factor.

Develop moderate scale operation and speed up the improvement of agricultural socialized service system

Agricultural modernization is inseparable from the innovation of production and management methods.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Developing moderate-scale operation is the direction of modern agriculture" and "accelerating the improvement of agricultural socialized service system, serving and driving small farmers well".

Innovate agricultural management system and mechanism and develop moderate scale management.

300,000 mu of peppers in Bozhou District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province entered the harvest season, and pepper farmers were busy. "This year, 40 acres of peppers have been planted, and more than 10,000 kilograms have been sold, and the market is not worried." He Congwei, a villager in Yuanzi Village, Tiechang Town, picks peppers every morning and sends them to the processing workshop in the village.

This workshop is an important part of the order mode of "company+village collective+cooperative+village workshop+farmer". "From seed supply to technical guidance, field management to acquisition, we provide farmers with a’ one-stop’ service. At present, the daily purchase of peppers reaches 200 tons." Tang Songbai, deputy general manager of Guizhou Zhuohao Food Co., Ltd. said.

"Based on the basic national conditions and agricultural conditions of small farmers in big countries and accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, we should put innovative agricultural management systems and mechanisms in a prominent position, and improve agricultural scale benefits from two dimensions: cultivating new agricultural management entities and developing agricultural service outsourcing markets." Ye Xingqing, Minister of Rural Economic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said.

Looking at the whole country, more than 4 million family farms and 2.22 million farmers’ cooperatives are actively exploring in the fields of improved seed breeding and promotion, green unified prevention and control, standardized production, etc., driving farmers, connecting markets, leading development, and promoting the continuous improvement of agricultural intensification, specialization, organization and socialization.

Strengthen the ability of agricultural socialized service and solve the production problems that one household can’t do it, can’t do it well, and can’t do it cost-effectively.

"1,000 mu of soybeans are entrusted to Beidahuang Agricultural Service Group, which is planted in two rows and close planting. One mu of land can be 70 kg higher than its own production, saving effort and increasing production." Lu Chunfeng, a villager from Xingfu Village, Xingfu Town, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province, said.

The socialized service of Beidahuang Agricultural Service Group is not only effective on a large scale and in a large area, but also applicable in the south, which is good at intensive cultivation. Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Anhui Province, through the method of field transformation, the average field area has reached 27 mu, and unmanned transplanting can also be realized. The socialized service area of Beidahuang Agricultural Service Group has reached 78 million mu, and the service has driven 3.5 million small farmers.

At present, more than 1.07 million agricultural socialized service organizations have become intimate "field nannies" of farmers, and their services have driven more than 91 million small farmers, covering more than 1.97 billion mu.

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said: "In the direction of consolidating the modern large-scale agricultural management system, it is necessary to improve and perfect the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture. Adhere to the combination of strengthening the driving efficiency and improving the driving ability, scientifically and reasonably determine the driving mode and the degree of benefit, improve and improve the long-term mechanism of’ accurate’,’ stable’ and’ long-term’, and promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development. "

A strong country must first strengthen agriculture, and a strong agriculture can strengthen the country. The fundamental way out for agriculture lies in modernization. In the new era and new journey, under the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader in the new era, hundreds of millions of peasants Qi Xin have worked together to build a better life, agricultural modernization has made great strides forward, and the vast fields have unlimited hopes.